Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology

by Eisenberg & Johnson

• ISBN13: 9780323016254
• ISBN10: 0323016251
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-02-18
• Publisher: MOSBY INC

Summary

This well-illustrated textbook provides a foundation in the basic principles of pathology and familiarizes readers with the radiographic appearances of diseases and injuries that are most likely to be diagnosed with medical imaging. An introductory chapter on pathology introduces the pathologic terms used throughout the book. This chapter also describes the advantages and limitations of six widely-used modalities: ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). Each of the remaining chapters covers the pathology of a particular body system. A new summary of findings follows each major discussion of common pathologies and is presented in an easy-to-read table. Chapter outlines, goals, objectives, Radiographer Notes - helpful suggestions on how to produce optimal radiographs of a specific organ system - and end-of-chapter questions help readers understand concepts and assess their comprehension. High-quality radiographs and images from other modalities are reproduced on glossy paper, providing the best possible demonstration of the radiographic appearance of different diseases and injuries. Comprehensive coverage helps readers develop a true understanding of disease processes and their radiographic appearance, including information essential for further required courses in radiographic pathology. Pathology of various body systems is organized in separate chapters, each broken down into an initial discussion of general physiology followed by various pathologic conditions and their radiographic appearance and treatment. If multiple imaging modalities can be used, the best initial procedure is indicated, as well as the sequence in which varying imaging studies should be performed. Study and review tools such as objectives, goals, and end-of-chapter questions with answers at the back of the book help readers know what they should learn from each chapter and provide the opportunity to review concepts. Radiographers Notes in every chapter provide helpful suggestions for producing optimal radiographs for each organ system, plus patient management techniques. 250 new images demonstrate different modalities and some new pathologies that have been added to this edition, ensuring that this text remains an essential learning and reference tool for students and practitioners. Discussions of new modalities in addition to the specialized imaging techniques covered in the previous edition - ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging - now include nuclear medicine, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). Treatment and prognosis sections offer brief explanations of treatment and prognosis for various pathologies. An improved organization with chapter outlines and standardized heading schemes for systems chapters, including radiographic appearance and treatment sections for each pathology, allows easier navigation through the chapters. Unique summary tables provide an easy-to-read summary of findings that follows each major discussion of common pathologies. Tables list the diseases just presented, their location in the body, radiographic appearance, and treatment.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Pathology	1	(30)
Disease	2	(6)
Inflammation	4	(1)
Edema	4	(1)
Ischemia and Infarction	5	(1)
Hemorrhage	5	(1)
Alterations of Cell Growth	5	(1)
Neoplasia	6	(2)
Hereditary Diseases	8	(3)
Disorders of Immunity	9	(1)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	10	(1)
Specialized Imaging Techniques	11	(20)
Ultrasound	11	(3)
Computed Tomography	14	(3)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	17	(6)
Nuclear Medicine	23	(1)
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography	23	(2)
Positron Emission Tomography	25	(6)
Respiratory System	31	(53)
Physiology of the Respiratory System	32	(2)
Congenital/Hereditary Disorders	34	(1)
Cystic Fibrosis	34	(1)
Hyaline Membrane Disease	35	(1)
Inflammatory Disorders of the Upper Respiratory System	35	(2)
Croup	35	(1)
Epiglottitis	36	(1)
Inflammatory Disorders of the Lower Respiratory System	37	(10)
Pneumonia	37	(3)
Lung Abscess	40	(1)
Tuberculosis	40	(4)
Pulmonary Mycosis	44	(1)
Respiratory Syncytial Virus	45	(2)
Diffuse Lung Disease	47	(9)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	47	(4)
Pneumoconiosis	51	(5)
Neoplasms	56	(8)
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule	56	(1)
Bronchial Adenoma	56	(3)
Bronchogenic Carcinoma	59	(2)
Pulmonary Metastases	61	(3)
Vascular Diseases	64	(5)
Pulmonary Embolism	64	(4)
Septic Embolism	68	(1)
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula	69	(1)
Miscellaneous Lung Disorders	69	(4)
Atelectasis	69	(2)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome	71	(1)
Intrabronchial Foreign Bodies	71	(1)
Mediastinal Emphysema (Pneumomediastinum)	72	(1)
Subcutaneous Emphysema	72	(1)
Disorders of the Pleura	73	(6)
Pneumothorax	73	(2)
Pleural effusion	75	(2)
Empyema	77	(1)
Mediastinal Masses	78	(1)
Disorders of the Diaphragm	79	(5)
Diaphragmatic Paralysis	80	(1)
Eventration of the Diaphragm	81	(1)
Other Causes of Elevation of the Diaphragm	81	(3)
Skeletal System	84	(69)
Physiology of the Skeletal System	85	(2)
Congenital/Hereditary Diseases of Bone	87	(6)
Vertebral Anomalies	87	(1)
Spina Bifida	88	(1)
Osteopetrosis	89	(1)
Osteogenesis Imperfecta	89	(2)
Achondroplasia	91	(1)
Congenital Hip Dysplasia (Dislocation)	92	(1)
Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders	93	(14)
Rheumatoid Arthritis	93	(3)
Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease)	96	(2)
Infectious Arthritis	98	(3)
Bursitis	101	(1)
Rotator Cuff Tears	101	(1)
Tears of the Menisci of the Knee	101	(1)
Osteomyelitis---Bacterial	102	(3)
Osteomyelitis---Tuberculous	105	(2)
Metabolic Bone Disease	107	(8)
Osteoporosis	107	(2)
Osteomalacia	109	(1)
Rickets	110	(1)
Gout	111	(2)
Paget's Disease	113	(2)
Fibrous Dysplasia	115	(1)
Ischemic Necrosis of Bone	115	(3)
Benign Bone Tumors	118	(5)
Malignant Bone Tumors	123	(3)
Bone Metastases	126	(6)
Fractures	132	(14)
Types of Fractures	132	(2)
Fracture Healing	134	(2)
Pathologic Fractures	136	(1)
Stress Fractures	136	(1)
Battered-Child Syndrome	137	(1)
Common Fractures and Dislocations	138	(5)
Fractures and Dislocations of the Spine	143	(3)
Herniation of Intervertebral Disks	146	(4)
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis	150	(3)
Tears of the Menisci of the Knee	000	(1)
Osteomyelitis---Bacterial	000	(1)
Osteomyelitis---Tuberculous	000	(153)
Gastrointestinal System	153	(68)
Physiology of the Digestive System	154	(1)
Esophagus	155	(14)
Tracheoesophageal Fistula	155	(2)
Esophagitis	157	(3)
Ingestion of Corrosive Agents	160	(1)
Esophageal Cancer	160	(2)
Esophageal Diverticula	162	(1)
Esophageal Varices	163	(1)
Hiatal Hernia	164	(1)
Achalasia	165	(1)
Foreign Bodies	166	(1)
Perforation of the Esophagus	167	(2)
Stomach	169	(7)
Gastritis	169	(2)
Peptic Ulcer Disease	171	(3)
Cancer of the Stomach	174	(2)
Small Bowel	176	(9)
Crohn's Disease (Regional Enteritis)	176	(2)
Small Bowel Obstruction	178	(2)
Adynamic Ileus	180	(2)
Intussusception	182	(1)
Malabsorption Disorders	182	(3)
Colon	185	(13)
Appendicitis	185	(2)
Diverticulosis	187	(1)
Diverticulitis	187	(1)
Ulcerative Colitis	188	(3)
Crohn's Colitis	191	(1)
Ischemic Colitis	192	(1)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	192	(2)
Cancer of the Colon	194	(1)
Large Bowel Obstruction	195	(1)
Volvulus of the Colon	196	(2)
Hemorrhoids	198	(1)
Gallbladder	198	(6)
Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)	198	(3)
Acute Cholecystitis	201	(1)
Emphysematous Cholecystitis	202	(1)
Porcelain Gallbladder	202	(2)
Liver	204	(4)
Cirrhosis of the Liver	204	(1)
Hepatocellular Carcinoma	205	(3)
Hepatic Metastases	208	(1)
Pancreas	208	(9)
Acute Pancreatitis	208	(2)
Chronic Pancreatitis	210	(1)
Pancreatic Pseudocyst	211	(1)
Cancer of the Pancreas	212	(3)
Pneumoperitoneum	215	(2)
Spleen	217	(4)
Enlargement	217	(1)
Rupture	217	(4)
Urinary System	221	(34)
Physiology of the Urinary System	222	(1)
Congenital/Hereditary Diseases	223	(5)
Anomalies of Number and Size	223	(1)
Anomalies of Rotation, Position, and Fusion	224	(1)
Anomalies of Renal Pelvis and Ureter	224	(1)
Ureterocele	225	(1)
Posterior Urethral Valves	226	(2)
Inflammatory Disorders	228	(5)
Glomerulonephritis	228	(1)
Pyelonephritis	229	(1)
Tuberculosis	230	(1)
Papillary Necrosis	231	(1)
Cystitis	232	(1)
Kidney Stones	233	(3)
Urinary Tract Obstruction	236	(5)
Cysts and Tumors	241	(8)
Renal Cyst	241	(1)
Polycystic Kidney Disease	242	(2)
Renal Carcinoma	244	(1)
Wilms' Tumor (Nephroblastoma)	245	(3)
Carcinoma of the Bladder	248	(1)
Renal Vein Thrombosis	249	(2)
Acute Renal Failure	251	(1)
Chronic Renal Failure	252	(3)
Cardiovascular System	255	(40)
Physiology of the Cardiovascular System	256	(1)
Congenital Heart Disease	257	(4)
Left-to-Right Shunts	257	(2)
Tetralogy of Fallot	259	(1)
Coarctation of the Aorta	259	(2)
Acquired Vascular Disease	261	(21)
Coronary Artery Disease	261	(4)
Congestive Heart Failure	265	(2)
Pulmonary Edema	267	(2)
Hypertension	269	(2)
Hypertensive Heart Disease	271	(1)
Aneurysm	271	(3)
Traumatic Rupture of the Aorta	274	(1)
Dissection of the Aorta	275	(1)
Atherosclerosis	276	(3)
Thrombosis and Embolism	279	(3)
Valvular Disease	282	(6)
Rheumatic Heart Disease	282	(3)
Mitral Stenosis	285	(1)
Mitral Insufficiency	285	(1)
Aortic Stenosis	285	(1)
Aortic Insufficiency	285	(1)
Infective Endocarditis	285	(3)
Pericardial Effusion	288	(3)
Venous Disease	291	(4)
Deep Venous Thrombosis	291	(1)
Varicose Veins	291	(4)
Nervous System	295	(52)
Physiology of the Nervous System	296	(2)
Infections of the Central Nervous System	298	(5)
Meningitis	298	(1)
Encephalitis	299	(1)
Brain Abscess	299	(1)
Subdural Empyema	299	(2)
Epidural Empyema	301	(1)
Osteomyelitis of the Skull	301	(2)
Tumors of the Central Nervous System	303	(11)
Glioma	304	(1)
Meningioma	305	(4)
Acoustic Neuroma	309	(1)
Pituitary Adenoma	309	(2)
Craniopharyngioma	311	(1)
Pineal Tumors	311	(1)
Cordoma	312	(1)
Metastatic Carcinoma	313	(1)
Traumatic Processes of the Brain and Skull	314	(12)
Skull Fracture	317	(1)
Epidural Hematoma	318	(1)
Subdural Hematoma	319	(1)
Cerebral Contusion	320	(1)
Intracerebral Hematoma	320	(1)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage	321	(1)
Carotid Artery Injury	321	(1)
Facial Fractures	321	(5)
Vascular Disease of the Central Nervous System	326	(8)
Stroke Syndrome	326	(2)
Transient Ischemic Attacks	328	(1)
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage	329	(2)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage	331	(3)
Multiple Sclerosis	334	(1)
Epilepsy and Convulsive Disorders	334	(2)
Degenerative Diseases	336	(5)
Normal Aging	336	(1)
Alzheimer's Disease	337	(1)
Huntington's Disease	338	(1)
Parkinson's Disease	339	(1)
Cerebellar Atrophy	339	(1)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease)	340	(1)
Hydrocephalus	341	(1)
Sinusitis	342	(5)
Hematopoietic System	347	(20)
Physiology of the Blood	348	(1)
Diseases of Red Blood Cells	348	(6)
Anemia	348	(5)
Polycythemia	353	(1)
Diseases of White Blood Cells	354	(8)
Leukemia	354	(3)
Lymphoma	357	(4)
Infectious Mononucleosis	361	(1)
Disease of Platelets (Bleeding Disorders)	362	(5)
Hemophilia	362	(2)
Purpura (Thrombocytopenia)	364	(3)
Endocrine System	367	(32)
Physiology of the Endocrine System	368	(1)
Adrenal Glands	368	(9)
Physiology of the Adrenal Glands	368	(1)
Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex	368	(6)
Diseases of the Adrenal Medulla	374	(3)
Pituitary Gland	377	(4)
Physiology of the Pituitary Gland	377	(1)
Diseases of the Pituitary Gland	378	(3)
Thyroid Gland	381	(7)
Physiology of the Thyroid Gland	381	(1)
Diseases of the Thyroid Gland	381	(7)
Parathyroid Glands	388	(6)
Physiology of the Parathyroid Glands	388	(1)
Diseases of the Parathyroid Glands	388	(6)
Diabetes Mellitus	394	(5)
Reproductive System	399	(40)
Inflammatory Disease	400	(2)
Syphilis	400	(1)
Gonorrhea	401	(1)
Male Reproductive System	402	(1)
Physiology of the Male Reproductive System	402	(1)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia	403	(1)
Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland	404	(3)
Undescended Testis (Cryptorchidism)	407	(1)
Testicular Torsion and Epididymitis	408	(3)
Testicular Tumors	411	(1)
Female Reproductive System	412	(1)
Physiology of the Female Reproductive System	412	(1)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	413	(2)
Cysts and Tumors	415	(9)
Ovarian Cysts and Tumors	415	(3)
Dermoid Cysts (Teratoma)	418	(1)
Uterine Fibroids	419	(1)
Endometrial Carcinoma	420	(1)
Endometriosis	421	(2)
Carcinoma of the Cervix	423	(1)
Breast Cancer	424	(7)
Benign Breast Disease	431	(1)
Imaging in Pregnancy	431	(4)
Ectopic Pregnancy	435	(1)
Trophoblastic Disease	435	(1)
Female Infertility	436	(3)
Miscellaneous Diseases	439	(22)
Nutritional Diseases	440	(2)
Vitamin Deficiencies	440	(2)
Hypervitaminosis	442	(1)
Protein-Calorie Malnutrition (Kwashiorkor)	442	(1)
Obesity	443	(2)
Lead Poisoning	445	(1)
Sarcoidosis	445	(2)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	447	(1)
Melanoma	448	(1)
Muscular Dystrophy	449	(1)
Hereditary Diseases	450	(6)
Chromosomal Aberrations	450	(4)
Genetic Amino Acid Disorders	454	(2)
Internal Devices	456	(5)
Endotracheal Tube	456	(1)
Central Venous Catheters	457	(1)
Swan-Ganz Catheters	458	(1)
Transvenous Cardiac Pacemakers	459	(2)
Glossary	461	(3)
Appendix A: Prefixes/Suffixes/Roots	464	(2)
Appendix B: Laboratory Tests	466	(1)
Appendix C: Answer to Questions	466