Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology

by Eisenberg, Ronald L.

• ISBN13: 9780323036245
• ISBN10: 0323036244
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-02-01
• Publisher: Mosby Inc

Summary

This complete foundational text and reference covers the core curriculum for radiography students with vivid illustrations and thoroughly updated content. In the 4th edition of this highly-respected text, content is updated and modified to convey the pathology knowledge radiographers need at the appropriate comprehension level for better understanding. The book covers all of the essential information radiography students need, including disease processes, their radiographic appearance, and their treatment. Radiographers Notes in every chapter provide helpful suggestions for producing optimal radiographs for each organ system and teach students to deal effectively with varying patient needs. Thorough coverage of alternative imaging modalities encourages readers to think about other imaging modalities that may be needed to ensure proper diagnosis. Summary of diseases, their locations, their radiographic appearance, and treatment tables provide a review tool for students and a quick reference guide for practitioners. Treatment sections provide useful background on certain treatment and prognosis information for a more thorough understanding of pathology. Organized by body systems, information is easily located and convenient for studying one area at a time in a logical sequence. Written for radiographers, the text provides the most up-to-date, logically organized presentation of radiographic pathology available. Enhanced imaging appearances include multiple modalities such as SPECT, PET, CT, MR, ultrasound, and fusion. Now covers the pathology of hepatitis variations, SARS, anthrax, and Marfan's syndrome for more comprehensive information. An expanded discussion of how CT and MR are used to diagnose pathological processes helps students understand the benefits of using these scans. New and updated radiograph images of the newly added pathologies. More images for alternative modalities, including nuclear, ultrasound, PET, CT, and vascular imaging.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Pathology	p. 1
Disease	p. 2
Inflammation	p. 2
Edema	p. 5
Ischemia and infarction	p. 5
Hemorrhage	p. 6
Alterations of cell growth	p. 7
Neoplasia	p. 7
Hereditary Diseases	p. 10
Disorders of immunity	p. 11
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome	p. 12
Hepatitis	p. 13
Specialized Imaging Techniques	p. 16
Diagnostic Imaging Modalities	p. 17
Ultrasound	p. 18
Computed tomography	p. 21
Magnetic resonance imaging	p. 23
Nuclear medicine	p. 30
Single-photon emission computed tomography	p. 30
Positron emission tomography	p. 32
Fusion imaging	p. 34
Respiratory System	p. 39
Physiology of the Respiratory System	p. 42
Congenital/Hereditary Diseases	p. 42
Cystic fibrosis	p. 42
Hyaline membrane disease	p. 44
Inflammatory Disorders of the Upper Respiratory System	p. 44
Croup	p. 44
Epiglottitis	p. 45
Inflammatory Disorders of the Lower Respiratory System	p. 46
Pneumonia	p. 46
Anthrax	p. 48
Lung abscess	p. 48
Tuberculosis	p. 49
Pulmonary mycosis	p. 53
Respiratory syncytial virus	p. 55
Severe acute respiratory syndrome	p. 56
Diffuse Lung Disease	p. 56
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	p. 56
Pneumoconiosis	p. 61
Neoplasms	p. 63
Solitary pulmonary nodule	p. 63
Bronchial adenoma	p. 64
Bronchogenic carcinoma	p. 65
Pulmonary metastases	p. 68
Vascular Diseases	p. 69
Pulmonary embolism	p. 69
Septic embolism	p. 75
Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula	p. 75
Miscellaneous Lung Disorders	p. 77
Atelectasis	p. 77
Adult respiratory distress syndrome	p. 77
Intrabronchial foreign bodies	p. 78
Mediastinal emphysema (pneumomediastinum)	p. 79
Subcutaneous emphysema	p. 79
Disorders of the Pleura	p. 80
Pneumothorax	p. 80
Pleural effusion	p. 82
Empyema	p. 83
Mediastinal Masses	p. 84
Disorders of the Diaphragm	p. 86
Diaphragmatic paralysis	p. 87
Eventration of the diaphragm	p. 87
Other causes of elevation of the diaphragm	p. 88
Skeletal System	p. 97
Physiology of the Skeletal System	p. 92
Congenital/Hereditary Diseases of Bone	p. 95
Vertebral anomalies	p. 95
Spina bifida	p. 95
Osteopetrosis	p. 96
Osteogenesis imperfecta	p. 97
Achondroplasia	p. 99
Congenital hip dysplasia (dislocation)	p. 100
Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders	p. 102
Rheumatoid arthritis	p. 102
Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)	p. 104
Infectious arthritis	p. 105
Bursitis	p. 107
Rotator cuff tears	p. 109
Tears of the menisci of the knee	p. 109
Bacterial osteomyelitis	p. 110
Tuberculous osteomyelitis	p. 114
Metabolic Bone Disease	p. 116
Osteoporosis	p. 116
Osteomalacia	p. 118
Rickets	p. 119
Gout	p. 120
Paget's disease	p. 121
Fibrous Dysplasia	p. 124
Ischemic Necrosis of Bone	p. 124
Benign Bone Tumors	p. 126
Malignant Bone Tumors	p. 131
Bone Metastases	p. 136
Fractures	p. 140
Types of fractures	p. 141
Fracture healing	p. 143
Pathologic fractures	p. 144
Stress fractures	p. 145
Battered-child syndrome	p. 146
Common fractures and dislocations	p. 147
Fractures and Dislocations of the Spine	p. 152
Herniation of Intervertebral Disks	p. 155
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis	p. 156
Gastrointestinal System	p. 162
Physiology of the Digestive System	p. 163
Esophagus	p. 165
Tracheoesophageal fistula	p. 165
Esophagitis	p. 167
Ingestion of corrosive agents	p. 169
Esophageal cancer	p. 171
Esophageal diverticula	p. 172
Esophageal varices	p. 173
Hiatal hernia	p. 174
Achalasia	p. 175
Foreign bodies	p. 176
Perforation of the esophagus	p. 179
Stomach	p. 179
Gastritis	p. 179
Peptic ulcer disease	p. 180
Cancer of the stomach	p. 284
Lymphoma of the stomach	p. 186
Small Bowel	p. 287
Crohn's disease (regional enteritis)	p. 187
Small bowel obstruction	p. 188
Adynamic ileus	p. 190
Intussusception	p. 192
Malabsorption disorders	p. 193
Colon	p. 196
Appendicitis	p. 196
Diverticulosis	p. 197
Diverticulitis	p. 198
Ulcerative colitis	p. 199
Crohn's colitis	p. 201
Ischemic colitis	p. 203
Irritable bowel syndrome	p. 203
Cancer of the colon	p. 204
Large bowel obstruction	p. 206
Volvulus of the colon	p. 209
Hemorrhoids	p. 211
Gallbladder	p. 211
Gallstones (cholelithiasis)	p. 211
Acute cholecystitis	p. 212
Emphysematous cholecystitis	p. 214
Porcelain gallbladder	p. 214
Liver	p. 215
Cirrhosis of the liver	p. 215
Hepatocellular carcinoma	p. 216
Hepatic metastases	p. 217
Pancreas	p. 218
Acute pancreatitis	p. 218
Chronic pancreatitis	p. 220
Pancreatic pseudocyst	p. 222
Cancer of the pancreas	p. 223
Pneumoperitoneum	p. 225
Spleen	p. 227
Enlargement	p. 227
Rupture	p. 228
Urinary System	p. 257
Physiology of the Urinary System	p. 232
Congenital/Hereditary Diseases	p. 233
Anomalies of number and size	p. 233
Anomalies of rotation position, and fusion	p. 234
Anomalies of renal pelvis and ureter	p. 235
Ureterocele	p. 237
Posterior urethral valves	p. 238
Inflammatory Disorders	p. 239
Glomerulonephritis	p. 239
Pyelonephritis	p. 240
Tuberculosis	p. 242
Papillary necrosis	p. 242
Cystitis	p. 243
Kidney Stones	p. 244
Urinary Tract Obstruction	p. 248
Cysts and Tumors	p. 250
Renal cyst	p. 250
Polycystic kidney disease	p. 253
Renal carcinoma	p. 255
Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma)	p. 256
Carcinoma of the bladder	p. 259
Renal Vein Thrombosis	p. 262
Acute Renal Failure	p. 262
Chronic Renal Failure	p. 263
Cardiovascular System	p. 266
Physiology of the Cardiovascular System	p. 267
Congenital Heart Disease	p. 269
Left-to-right shunts	p. 269
Tetralogy of Fallot	p. 272
Coarctation of the aorta	p. 272
Acquired Vascular Disease	p. 274
Coronary artery disease	p. 274
Congestive heart failure	p. 278
Pulmonary edema	p. 250
Hypertension	p. 281
Hypertensive heart disease	p. 283
Aneurysm	p. 283
Traumatic rupture of the aorta	p. 286
Dissection of the aorta	p. 287
Atherosclerosis	p. 289
Thrombosis and embolism	p. 292
Valvular Disease	p. 294
Rheumatic heart disease	p. 294
Mitral stenosis	p. 295
Mitral insufficiency	p. 297
Aortic stenosis	p. 297
Aortic insufficiency	p. 297
Infective endocarditis	p. 298
Pericardial Effusion	p. 300
Venous Disease	p. 302
Deep venous thrombosis	p. 301
Varicose veins	p. 304
Nervous System	p. 307
Physiology of the Nervous System	p. 308
Infections of the Central Nervous System	p. 311
Meningitis	p. 311
Encephalitis	p. 312
Brain abscess	p. 312
Subdural empyema	p. 313
Epidural empyema	p. 314
Osteomyelitis of the skull	p. 314
Tumors of the Central Nervous System	p. 316
Glioma	p. 317
Meningioma	p. 318
Acoustic neuroma	p. 323
Pituitary adenoma	p. 323
Craniopharyngioma	p. 325
Pineal tumors	p. 326
Chordoma	p. 327
Metastatic carcinoma	p. 327
Traumatic Processes of the Brain and Skull	p. 330
Skull fracture	p. 330
Epidural hematoma	p. 332
Subdural hematoma	p. 332
Cerebral contusion	p. 333
Intracerebral hematoma	p. 334
Subarachnoid hemorrhage	p. 334
Carotid artery injury	p. 335
Facial fractures	p. 335
Vascular Disease of the Central Nervous System	p. 339
Stroke syndrome	p. 339
Transient ischemic attacks	p. 341
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage	p. 342
Subarachnoid hemorrhage	p. 344
Multiple Sclerosis	p. 347
Epilepsy and Convulsive Disorders	p. 347
Degenerative Diseases	p. 349
Normal aging	p. 349
Alzheimer's disease	p. 349
Huntington's disease	p. 351
Parkinson's disease	p. 352
Cerebellar atrophy	p. 353
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease)	p. 353
Hydrocephalus	p. 354
Sinusitis	p. 355
Hematopoietic System	p. 360
Physiology of the Blood	p. 361
Diseases of Red Blood Cells	p. 361
Anemia	p. 361
Polycythemia	p. 367
Diseases of White Blood Cells	p. 368
Leukemia	p. 368
Lymphoma	p. 370
Infectious mononucleosis	p. 373
Diseases of Platelets (Bleeding Disorders)	p. 374
Hemophilia	p. 374
Purpura (thrombocytopenia)	p. 376
Endocrine System	p. 379
Physiology of the Endocrine System	p. 380
Adrenal Glands	p. 380
Physiology of the adrenal glands	p. 380
Diseases of the adrenal cortex	p. 382
Diseases of the adrenal medulla	p. 386
Pituitary Gland	p. 390
Physiology of the pituitary gland	p. 390
Diseases of the pituitary gland	p. 391
Thyroid Gland	p. 394
Physiology of the thyroid gland	p. 394
Diseases of the thyroid gland	p. 394
Parathyroid Glands	p. 401
Physiology of the parathyroid glands	p. 401
Diseases of the parathyroid glands	p. 401
Diabetes Mellitus	p. 406
Reproductive System	p. 411
Infectious Diseases of Both Genders	p. 412
Syphilis	p. 412
Gonorrhea	p. 414
Male Reproductive System	p. 415
Physiology of the Male Reproductive System	p. 415
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia	p. 416
Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland	p. 417
Undescended Testis (Cryptorchidism)	p. 420
Testicular Torsion and Epididymitis	p. 421
Testicular Tumors	p. 423
Female Reproductive System	p. 425
Physiology of the Female Reproductive System	p. 425
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	p. 426
Cysts and Tumors	p. 428
Ovarian cysts and tumors	p. 428
Dermoid cyst (teratoma)	p. 429
Uterine fibroids	p. 431
Endometrial carcinoma	p. 433
Endometriosis	p. 434
Carcinoma of the cervix	p. 435
Breast Lesions	p. 438
Breast Cancer	p. 438
Benign breast disease	p. 444
Imaging in Pregnancy	p. 445
Ectopic pregnancy	p. 447
Trophoblastic disease	p. 447
Female infertility	p. 448
Miscellaneous Diseases	p. 452
Nutritional Diseases	p. 453
Vitamin deficiencies	p. 453
Hypervitaminosis	p. 456
Protein-calorie malnutrition (kwashiorkor)	p. 456
Obesity	p. 456
Lead Poisoning	p. 457
Sarcoidosis	p. 459
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	p. 461
Melanoma	p. 462
Muscular Dystrophy	p. 463
Hereditary Diseases	p. 464
Chromosomal aberrations	p. 464
Genetic amino acid disorders	p. 467
Internal Devices	p. 470
Endotracheal tube	p. 470
Central venous catheters	p. 470
Swan-Ganz catheters	p. 471
Transvenous cardiac pacemakers	p. 472
Answers to Review Questions	p. 475
Illustration Credits	p. 478
Prefixes/Suffixes/Roots	p. 482
Laboratory Values and their Significance	p. 484
Glossary	p. 485
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