CompTIA Security+ SY0-301 Exam Cram

by Hausman, Kirk; Weiss, Martin; Barrett, Diane

• ISBN13: 9780789748294
• ISBN10: 0789748290
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-12-16
• Publisher: Pearson IT Certification

Summary

CompTIA Security+ Exam Cram, Third Editionhas been thoroughly revised to prepare candidates for the 2011 Security+ exam (SYO-301) - the latest version of the world's #1 vendor-neutral baseline security certification exam. Fully aligned with the new exam's objectives, this edition presents increased coverage of risk management and operational risk thinking. It reflects the newly-updated Exam Cram design, and uses the proven Exam Cram approach, offering: Chapters that map directly to the official exam objectives, with comprehensive foundational learning for all exam topics An extensive collection of practice questions A state-of-the-art test engine providing real-time practice and feedback The Cram Sheet tear-out card including tips, acronyms, and memory joggers not available anywhere else - perfect for last-minute study Topics covered range from identifying vulnerabilities to implementing communications and infrastructure security; cryptography concepts and deployment techniques to security management; forensics to internal security education and documentation. This book brings together all the knowledge professionals need to walk into the exam room with confidence - and pass their Security+ exams with flying colors.

Author Biography

Diane Barrett is the director of training for Paraben Corporation and an adjunct professor for American Military University. She has done contract forensic and security assessment work for several years and has authored other security and forensic books. She is a regular committee member for ADFSL’s Conference on Digital Forensics, Security, and Law as well as an academy director for Edvancement Solutions. She holds many industry certifications, including CISSP, ISSMP, DFCP, PCME, and Security+. Diane’s education includes an MS in information technology with a specialization in information security. She expects to complete a PhD in business administration with a specialization in information security.

 

Kalani Kirk Hausman is an author, enterprise and security architect, ISO, and consultant with experience including medium- to large-scale globally deployed networks in governmental, higher-education, health-care, and corporate settings. Kalani’s professional certifications include the CISSP, CGEIT, CRISC, CISA, CISM, GIAC-GHSC, PMP, and CCP. He is active within the FBI InfraGard, Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA), and ISSA. Kalani is currently employed as the assistant commandant for Strategic Communications, Information Technology, and Public Relations at TAMU and as an adjunct professor of InfoSec at UMUC. Kalani can be reached at [e-mail] or followed on Twitter at @kkhausman.

 

Martin Weiss lives within a triangle of sales, engineering, and marketing, providing information security solutions for organizations of all sizes. He is currently most interested in governance, risk, compliance, and how to secure elastic cloud environments. He is also an adjunct professor with the University of Maryland University College focusing on security classes. Marty is the author of several other books. His work has been compared to literary greats. His mother, upon reviewing a recent book, described it as riveting as anything by Dostoevsky. Marty holds several certifications, including Security+, CISSP, CISA, and CCSK. He received his M.B.A. from the Isenberg School of Management at the University of Massachusetts and currently lives in Connecticut with his wife, three sons, and iPhone. Marty can be reached at [e-mail] or stalked on Twitter @martyweiss.

 

Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

Part I: Network Security

CHAPTER 1: Network Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

    Explain the Security Function and Purpose of Network Devices and Technologies.. 2

        Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

        Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

        Switches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

        Load Balancers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

        Proxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

        Web Security Gateways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

        VPN Concentrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

        NIDS and NIPS (Behavior Based, Signature Based,

        Anomaly Based, Heuristic). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

        Protocol Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

        Sniffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

        Spam Filter, All-in-one Security Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

        Web Application Firewall versus Network Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . 11

        URL Filtering, Content Inspection, Malware Inspection . . . . . . . 13

    Apply and Implement Secure Network Administration Principles . . . . . 16

        Rule-based Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

        Firewall Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

        VLAN Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

        Secure Router Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

        Access Control Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

        Port Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

        802.1X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

        Flood Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

        Loop Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

        Implicit Deny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

        Prevent Network Bridging by Network Separation . . . . . . . . . . . 22

        Log Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

    Distinguish and Differentiate Network Design Elements and Compounds.. 25

        DMZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

        Intranet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

        Extranet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

        Subnetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

        VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

        NAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

        Remote Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

        Telephony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

        NAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

        Virtualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

        Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

CHAPTER 2: Network Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

    Implement and Use Common Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

        Internet Protocol Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

        SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

        Secure Shell Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

        Domain Name Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

        Transport Layer Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

        Secure Sockets Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

        TCP/IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

        FTPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

        Hypertext Transport Protocol over Secure Sockets Layer . . . . . . . 50

        Secure FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

        Secure Copy Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

        Internet Control Message Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

        IPv4 versus IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

    Identify Commonly Used Default Network Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

    Implement Wireless Networks in a Secure Manner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

        Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

        WPA2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

        Wired Equivalent Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

        Extensible Authentication Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

        Protected EAP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

        LEAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

        Media Access Control Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

        Service Set Identifier Broadcast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

        Temporal Key Integrity Protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

        CCMP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

        Antenna Placement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

        Power Level Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Part II: Compliance and Operational Security

CHAPTER 3: Risk Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

    Exemplify the Concepts of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability . . . 70

        Confidentiality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

        Integrity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

        Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

    Explain Risk-Related Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

        Risk Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

        Types of Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

        Identifying Vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

        Identifying Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

        Measuring Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

        Qualitative versus Quantitative Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

        Risk Reduction Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

    Carry Out Appropriate Risk-Mitigation Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

        Change Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

        Incident Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

        Regular Audits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

    Explain the Importance of Security-Related Awareness and Training . . . 97

        User Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

        User Habits and Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

CHAPTER 4: Response and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

    Execute Appropriate Incident Response Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

        First Responders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

        Damage and Loss Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

        Chain of Custody and Rules of Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

        Basic Forensic Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

        Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

    Explain the Impact and Proper Use of Environmental Controls . . . . . . 111

        The Importance of Environmental Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

        HVAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

        Fire Suppression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

        EMI Shielding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

        Temperature and Humidity Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

        Hot-Aisle/Cold-Aisle Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

        Environmental Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

        Video Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

    Compare and Contrast Aspects of Business Continuity. . . . . . . . . . . . 120

        Contrasting Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery . . . . . . . 120

        Business Continuity Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

    Execute Disaster Recovery Plans and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

        Disaster Recovery Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

        Alternative Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

        Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

        Redundant Equipment and Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

        Backup Techniques and Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Part III: Threats and Vulnerabilities

CHAPTER 5: Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

    Analyze and Differentiate Among Types of Malware . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

        Adware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

        Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

        Worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

        Spyware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

        Trojans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

        Rootkits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

        Botnets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

        Logic Bombs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

        Backdoors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

    Analyze and Differentiate Among Types of Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

        Man-in-the-Middle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

        Replay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

        Denial of Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

        Distributed DoS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

        DNS Poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

        ARP Poisoning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

        Spoofing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

        Spam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

        Privilege Escalation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

        Malicious Insider Threat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

    Analyze and Differentiate Among Types of Social Engineering Attacks. . . 165

        Social Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

        Dumpster Diving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

        Tailgating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

    Analyze and Differentiate Among Types of Wireless Attacks . . . . . . . . 171

        Rogue Access Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

        War Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

        Bluejacking/Bluesnarfing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

        Packetsniffing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

        IV Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

    Analyze and Differentiate Among Types of Application Attacks . . . . . . 175

        Browser Threats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

        Code Injections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

        Directory Traversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

        Header Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

        Zero-day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

        Buffer Overflows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

        Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

CHAPTER 6: Deterrents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

    Analyze and Differentiate Among Types of Mitigation and Deterrent Techniques . . 184

        Manual Bypassing of Electronic Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

        Monitoring System Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

        Physical Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

        Hardening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

        Port Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

        Security Posture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

        Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

        Detection Controls versus Prevention Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

    Implement Assessment Tools and Techniques to Discover Security Threats and Vulnerabilities. .. 199

        Vulnerability Scanning and Interpreting Results . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

        Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

        Risk Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

        Assessment Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

    Within the Realm of Vulnerability Assessments, Explain the Proper Use of Penetration Testing versus Vulnerability Scanning . . . . 207

        Penetration Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

        Vulnerability Scanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

        Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Part IV: Application, Data, and Host Security

CHAPTER 7: Application Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

    Explain the Importance of Application Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

        Fuzzing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

        Secure Coding Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

        Cross-site Scripting Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

        Cross-site Request Forgery Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

        Application Configuration Baseline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

        Application Hardening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

        Application Patch Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

CHAPTER 8: Host Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

    Carry Out Appropriate Procedures to Establish Host Security. . . . . . . 232

        Operating System Security and Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

        Anti-malware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

        Patch Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

        Hardware Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

        Host Software Baselining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

        Mobile Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

        Virtualization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

CHAPTER 9: Data Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

    Explain the Importance of Data Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

        Data Loss Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

        Data Encryption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

        Hardware-based Encryption Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

        Cloud Computing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Part V: Access Control and Identity Management

CHAPTER 10: Authentication and Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

    Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

        Authentication Strength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

        Single versus Multifactor Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

        Common Authentication Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

    Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

        Anonymous Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

        Authorization Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

CHAPTER 11: Access Control and Account Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

    Explain the Fundamental Concepts and Best Practices Related to Access Control. . .. . 296

        Access Control Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

        Access Control Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

        Access Control Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

    Implement Appropriate Security Controls when Performing Account Management . .. 304

        Account Provisioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

        Security Groups and Roles with Appropriate

        Rights and Privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

        Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

        Password Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

        Time-of-Day Restrictions and Account Expiration . . . . . . . . . . 309

Part VI: Cryptography

CHAPTER 12: Cryptography Tools and Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

    Summarize General Cryptography Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

        Symmetric versus Asymmetric. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

        Transport Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

        Nonrepudiation and Digital Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

        Hashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

        Key Escrow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

        Steganography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

    Use of Proven Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

        Elliptic Curve and Quantum Cryptography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

        Use and Apply Appropriate Cryptographic Tools and Products . . . . . . 324

        Wireless Encryption Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

        Cryptographic Hash Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

        HMAC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

        Symmetric Encryption Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

        Asymmetric Encryption Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

        One-time-pads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

        PGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

        Whole Disk Encryption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

        Use of Algorithms with Transport Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

CHAPTER 13: Public Key Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

    Explain the Core Concepts of Public Key Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . 340

        Certificate Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

        Registration Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

        Digital Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

        Certificate Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

        Certificate Practice Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

        Revocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

        Trust Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

    Implement PKI, Certificate Management, and Associated Components . 350

        Centralized versus Decentralized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

        Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

        Key Escrow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

        Expiration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

        Revocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

        Status Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

        Suspension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

        Recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

        M of N Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

        Renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

        Destruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

        Key Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

        Multiple Key Pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Part VII: Practice Exams and Answers

Practice Exam 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Answers to Practice Exam 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Practice Exam 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

Answers to Practice Exam 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

TOC, 9780789748294, 11/18/2011