Computed Tomography Principles, Design, Artifacts, and Recent Advances

by Hsieh, Jiang

• ISBN13: 9780470563533
• ISBN10: 0470563532
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-11-09
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

X-ray computed tomography (CT) continues to experience rapid growth, both in basic technology and new clinical applications. Seven years after its first edition, Computed Tomography: Principles, Design, Artifacts, and Recent Advancements, Second Edition, provides an overview of the evolution of CT, the mathematical and physical aspects of the technology, and the fundamentals of image reconstruction algorithms. Image display is examined from traditional methods used through the most recent advancements. Key performance indices, theories behind the measurement methodologies, and different measurement phantoms in image quality are discussed. The CT scanner is broken down into components to provide the reader with an understanding of their function, their latest advances, and their impact on the CT system. General descriptions and different categories of artifacts, their causes, and their corrections are considered at length.Given the high visibility and public awareness of the impact of x-ray radiation, the second edition features a new chapter on x-ray dose and presents different dose reduction techniques ranging from patient handling, optimal data acquisition, image reconstruction, and post-process. Based on the advancements over the past five years, the second edition added new sections on cone beam reconstruction algorithms, nonconventional helical acquisition and reconstruction, new reconstruction approaches, and dual-energy CT. Finally, new to this edition is a set of problems for each chapter, providing opportunities to enhance reader comprehension and practice the application of covered material.

Author Biography

Jiang Hsieh is a Chief Scientist in the Applied Science Laboratory of GE Healthcare Technologies and an adjunct Professor in the Medical Physics Department of the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He has more than 20 years of experience in medical imaging. He holds over 100 US patents, has coauthored more than 100 articles, book chapters, and textbook.

Table of Contents

Preface

Nomenclature and Abbreviations

Introduction

Conventional X-ray Tomography

History of Computed Tomography

Different Generations of CT Scanners

Problems

References

Preliminaries

Mathematics Fundamentals

Fundamentals of X-ray Physics

Measurement of Line Integrals and Data Conditioning

Sampling Geometry and Sinogram

Problems

References

Image Reconstruction

Introduction

Several Approaches to Image Reconstruction

The Fourier Slice Theorem

The Filtered Backprojection Algorithm

Fan-Beam Reconstruction

Iterative Reconstruction

Problems

References

Image Presentation

CT Image Display

Volume Visualization

Impact of Visualization Tools

Problems

References

Key Performance Parameters of the CT Scanner

High-Contrast Spatial Resolution

Low-Contrast Resolution

Temporal Resolution

CT Number Accuracy and Noise

Performance of the Scanogram

Problems

References

Major Components of the CT Scanner

System Overview

The X-ray Tube and High-Voltage Generator

The X-ray Detector and Data-Acquisition Electronics

The Gantry and Slip Ring

Collimation and Filtration

The Reconstruction Engine

Problems

References

Image Artifacts: Appearances, Causes, and Corrections

What Is an Image Artifact?

Different Appearances of Image Artifacts

Artifacts Related to System Design

Artifacts Related to X-ray Tubes

Detector-induced Artifacts

Patient-induced Artifacts

Operator-induced Artifacts

Problems

References

Computer Simulation Analysis

What Is Computer Simulation?

Simulation Overview

Simulation of Optics

Computer Simulation of Physics-related Performance

Problems

References

Helical or Spiral CT

Introduction

Terminology and Reconstruction

Slice Sensitivity Profile and Noise

Helically Related Image Artifacts

Problems

References

Miltislice CT

The Need for Multislice CT

Detector Configurations of Multislice CT

Nonhelical Mode of Reconstruction

Multislice Helical Reconstruction

Multislice Artifacts

Problems

References

X-ray Radiation and Dose-Reduction Techniques

Biological Effects of X-ray Radiation

Measurement of X-ray dose

Methodologies for Dose Reduction

Problems

References

Advanced CT Applications

Introduction

Cardiac Imaging

CT Fluoroscopy

CT Perfusion

Screening and Quantitative CT

Dual-Energy CT

Problems

References

Glossary

Index

Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.