Computer Networking First-Step

by Odom, Wendell

• ISBN13: 9781587201011
• ISBN10: 1587201011
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-04-21
• Publisher: Cisco Press

Summary

Your first step into the world of computer networking bull; bull;No experience required bull;Includes clear and easily understood explanations bull;Makes learning easy Your first step to computer networking begins here! bull; bull;Learn basic networking terminology bull;Understand how information is routed from place to place bull;Explore Internet connectivity secrets bull;Protect your computer from intrusion bull;Build local-area networks (LANs) Welcome to the world of networking! Networking and the Internet touch our lives in untold ways every day. From connecting our computers together at home and surfing the net at high speeds to editing and sharing digital music and video, computer networking has become both ubiquitous and indispensable. No experience needed! Computer Networking First-Step explains the basics of computer networking in easy-to-grasp language that all of us can understand. This book takes you on a guided tour of the core technologies that make up network and Internet traffic. Whether you are looking to take your first step into a career in networking or are interested in just gaining a conversational knowledge of the technology, this book is for you!

Author Biography

Wendell Odom is a senior instructor with Skyline Advanced Technology Services

Table of Contents

Introduction	xxii
Part I Networking Basics	3	(60)
Chapter 1 What Is a Network?	5	(12)
No, Really, What Is a Network?	5	(6)
What an Elephant-err, a Network-Looks Like	7	(1)
Three Blind Men-The Server Guy, the Cabling Guy, and the Network Guy	8	(3)
Different Types of Traditional Computer Networks	11	(3)
Big Company, Multiple Sites: An Enterprise WAN	11	(2)
Just You and Me and the Whole World-The Internet	13	(1)
Chapter Summary	14	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	15	(2)
Chapter 2 A Network's Reason for Existence	17	(20)
Using the Network by Accident	17	(6)
Using the Network on Purpose	23	(11)
Web Browsing	25	(3)
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)	28	(4)
Downloading and Transferring Files	32	(2)
Chapter Summary	34	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	35	(2)
Chapter 3 Building a Network: It All Starts with a Plan	37	(26)
Conforming to the Rules	37	(8)
Rules, Schmools for Networking	39	(1)
Examples of Good Rules for Networking	40	(5)
Traveling a Roadway for a Bit to Get a Byte	40	(2)
Example Rule for Sending the Bits	42	(1)
Sending the Bits a Packet (Package) at a Time	43	(1)
What to Do When the Bits Get Bashed	44	(1)
The Book(s) of Rules	45	(11)
Proprietary Network Models Prevent Pervasive Population of Networking Devices	47	(2)
Public Network Models Provide Pervasively Popular Networks	49	(1)
How TCP/IP Standards Grow	50	(1)
Some Pretty Popular TCP/IP Protocols	50	(3)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)	50	(2)
Internet Protocol (IP)	52	(1)
TCP/IP Standards That Aren't TCP/IP Standards	53	(4)
Standards for Physical Networking Nearby	54	(1)
Standards for Physical Networking Far Away	54	(2)
How to Eat an Elephant, TCP/IP Style	56	(1)
How to Eat a T-Rex, OSI Style	57	(3)
T-Rex Versus the Elephant	58	(2)
Chapter Summary	60	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	61	(2)
Part II Running the Local Department of (Network) Transportation	63	(88)
Chapter 4 How to Build a Local (Network) Roadway	65	(22)
Driving Bits Across the Network Roadway	65	(13)
What's a Local-Area Network?	66	(1)
Transmitting Bits Across the Local Network Roadway	67	(20)
Driving Bits Across a Wire	69	(2)
The Need for a Two-Lane (Network) Road	71	(1)
The Equivalent of Asphalt: Cables	72	(2)
Painting the Lines on the Road: Connectors	74	(2)
Driving in the Right Lane (Pair) on the Road	76	(2)
Sharing the Local Roadway: Ethernet Hubs	78	(2)
Dirt Roads Versus the DOT	80	(3)
Chapter Summary	83	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	84	(3)
Chapter 5 Rules of the Road: How to Use the Local (Network) Roadway	87	(20)
Preparing for a Trip: How to Make Your Car (Data) "Street Legal"	87	(7)
LAN-Legal Data: An Ethernet Frame	88	(2)
Driving Where I Want and When I Want Is Pretty Cool	90	(1)
Why Wrecks (Collisions) Happen on Ethernet	90	(1)
How to Avoid Most Wrecks	91	(1)
What to Do When a Wreck Happens	92	(2)
Stopping at the Destination: What Happens When Someone Comes to See You	94	(7)
Are They Coming to Our House or the Neighbor's House?	94	(3)
Who Is It, Honey?	97	(2)
I Don't Understand a Thing You're Saying	99	(2)
Two Standards for Ethernet	101	(2)
Chapter Summary	103	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	104	(3)
Chapter 6 Reducing Congestion and Driving Faster on the Local (Network) Roadway	107	(24)
Reducing Congestion by Opening Up More Lanes on Each LAN	107	(10)
Hubs: A One-Lane Road	108	(1)
Switches: How to Create Dozens of Lanes on the LAN	109	(3)
The Perfect Roadway: No Wrecks Allowed!	112	(2)
Using Full Duplex: Making the Streets Two Way	114	(3)
Switches: The Rest of the Story	117	(4)
Painting the Road Signs: Learning MAC Addresses	117	(1)
The Forward Versus Filter Decision	118	(1)
What to Do When the Road Sign (Address Table) Doesn't List Your Destination	118	(2)
How to Go Everywhere at the Same Time	120	(1)
Summary of Switch Logic	120	(1)
I Feel the Need, the Need for Speed	121	(6)
A New, Improved, and Faster Ethernet-Let's Call It Fast Ethernet	121	(2)
If Fast Ethernet Is Good, Even Faster Is Better: Gigabit Ethernet	123	(1)
Ultra Super-Fast Fast Ethernet: 10 Gigabit Ethernet	124	(1)
Summary of Ethernet Speeds	124	(1)
A Switch for All Speeds	125	(2)
Chapter Summary	127	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	128	(3)
Chapter 7 Adding Local (Network) Roadways for No Extra Money	131	(20)
The Physical Reality Precedes the Virtual Reality	131	(6)
Physical LANs: It's All About Broadcasts	132	(1)
Master of Your Own (Broadcast) Domain	132	(2)
Multiple Physical LANs Require Multiple Switches	134	(3)
Virtual (LAN) Reality: One Switch, but Multiple LANs	137	(5)
How to Create a Virtual LAN	137	(3)
Why You Need More Than One LAN	140	(2)
If 100 Devices in a LAN Is Good, 1000 Devices Must Be Better	140	(1)
OSI Layer 8 Issues	141	(1)
OSI Layer 3 Design Goals	141	(1)
Saving Cash	142	(1)
Packing Your VLAN's Frames in a Trunk When Leaving the Switch	142	(4)
How to Pack Your Trunk for the Trip to the Other Switch	143	(3)
Tale of Two Trunking Protocols	146	(1)
Chapter Summary	146	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	147	(4)
Part III Shipping and Logistics: Commerce Using the (Network) Roadways	151	(54)
Chapter 8 Shipping Goods over a (Network) Roadway	153	(28)
Neither Rain, Nor Sleet, Nor Dark of Night: E-Mail	154	(12)
Dropping Off and Getting Your (e)Mail	154	(2)
Postal Address Versus E-Mail Address	156	(2)
Rules, Schmools: Even More Rules?	158	(8)
Protocols for Addressing the Envelope Correctly: Internet Message Formats	161	(1)
The KISS Principle and SMTP	161	(2)
What to Do When You Need a Little POP in Your Network	163	(1)
SMTP and POP3 Working Together	164	(2)
Building a Centralized Warehouse: File Transfer	166	(6)
Warehouse Lingo and Procedures	167	(4)
Rules, Schmools for FTP	171	(1)
Browsing Around the Internet Shopping Mall: The World Wide Web	172	(5)
Rules, Schmools for Web Retailing	174	(1)
Buy One, Get a Bunch for Free	175	(2)
Chapter Summary	177	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	178	(3)
Chapter 9 Choosing Shipping Options When Transporting the Goods over the (Network) Roadway	181	(24)
"Hello, I'm at Your Service"	182	(19)
Full-Service Shipping	184	(1)
Shipping Basics: Controlling Shipments Using Shipping Labels	184	(3)
Purchasing Insurance for Your (Network) Shipment	187	(5)
The Mechanics of Delivery Confirmation	188	(2)
Lose All You Want-We'll Make More	190	(2)
Big Box, Small Truck-What Do You Do?	192	(4)
Why Three Smaller Segments Is Better Than One Big Segment	194	(1)
My Little White Lie About Acknowledgments	194	(2)
Delivering the Package to the Right Person, Not Just the Right Address	196	(2)
The Chicken, the Egg, and the Destination Port of the First Segment	198	(1)
Starting Off on the Right Foot Using a TCP Connection	199	(2)
Chapter Summary	201	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	201	(4)
Part IV Navigating the Roadways to Find the Right Street Address	205	(88)
Chapter 10 Delivering the Goods to the Right Street (IP) Address	207	(28)
Navigation Basics: Driving to the Right Destination	208	(9)
IP as the Postmaster General of the Network	211	(2)
Knowing the Address Before Driving to the Destination	213	(3)
Putting a Name on the Shipping Label	216	(1)
How to Run a (Network) Postal Service	217	(10)
One Location, One Zip Code, One Network Number	217	(5)
Three Sizes Fit All	222	(4)
The Actual Class A, B, and C Network Numbers	226	(1)
Subdividing a Network into Subnets	227	(4)
The Problem: Wasting IP Host Addresses	228	(1)
The Solution: Subnetting Saves IP Host Addresses	229	(2)
Chapter Summary	231	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	232	(3)
Chapter 11 Knowing Where to Turn at Each Intersection (Router)	235	(28)
A Short Trip from Your House (PC) to the Local Store (Server)	236	(20)
Overview of the End-to-End Routing Process	237	(1)
Step 1: Leaving Your Neighborhood the Same Way, Every Time	238	(9)
Getting into Your Car to Drive to Lunch	240	(3)
Learning How to Go to the Default Post Office (Router)	243	(3)
Summary of Step 1	246	(1)
Step 2: Choosing Which Road to Take at the First Intersection	247	(6)
The Useful but Short Life of an Ethernet Frame	248	(1)
Deciding Where to Go Next	249	(2)
Yet Another Ethernet Data Link Frame	251	(2)
Summary of Step 2	253	(1)
Step 3: Choosing Which Road to Take at the Final Intersection	253	(3)
The Still Useful, but Still Short Life of an Ethernet Frame	253	(1)
The Routing Table at R2: Same Destination, Different Forwarding Instructions	254	(1)
Yet Another Short-Lived Ethernet Frame	255	(1)
Other Rules of the Road	256	(3)
Routing with Subnets	256	(2)
How to Drive When You Aren't Leaving the Neighborhood (Subnet)	258	(1)
Chapter Summary	259	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	259	(4)
Chapter 12 Painting the Road Signs on Your Interstate (Internetwork)	263	(16)
Routing to Nearby Places	263	(3)
Painting Road Signs and Other Long-Lasting Directions	266	(2)
Dynamically Learning and Changing Routing Tables	268	(3)
Picking the Best Road (Route)	271	(3)
Introducing the Long List of Routing Protocols	274	(1)
Chapter Summary	275	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	276	(3)
Chapter 13 People Like Names, but Computers Like Numbers	279	(14)
Looking Up the Name and Number in the Phone Book (Host Table)	280	(1)
Asking Someone Else to Look Up the Phone Number (IP Address) for You	281	(8)
Asking for Name Resolution Help Inside the Company	282	(2)
Asking for Name Resolution Help Outside the Company	284	(4)
How Names Should Be Formatted	288	(1)
Chapter Summary	289	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	290	(3)
Part V Building an Interstate (Inter-LAN) Highway System	293	(60)
Chapter 14 Leasing a (Network) Roadway Between Two Points	295	(20)
Leasing the Cable When You Can't Run the Cable	296	(10)
You Can't Lease the Cross-Over Cable, So Lease Something Almost Just Like It	297	(4)
It's Not Really a 450-Mile Cable, but It Works Like One	298	(2)
The Many Personalities of a WAN Link	300	(1)
Differences Between a Cross-Over Cable and a Leased Circuit	301	(4)
I Feel the Need, the Need for Speed	302	(1)
The Need to Control the Speed	303	(1)
Double Your Speed at No Cost	304	(1)
A WAN Link Installation Plan	305	(1)
Routers and WANs: A Match Made in Heaven	306	(4)
You Can't Just Send Data; You Have to Send a Frame	307	(2)
Addressing on WAN Serial Links	309	(1)
The Choice of Two Data Link Protocols	309	(1)
Chapter Summary	310	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	311	(4)
Chapter 15 Leasing a (Network) Roadway Between Lots of Places	315	(18)
Making the Telco Look Like One Big Whopping Switch	316	(6)
Cabling a Router to the Big Frame Relay Switch	316	(2)
Basic Logic Used by the Big Whopping Frame Relay Switch	318	(2)
If Two Sites Are Good, Three (or More) Must Be Better	320	(1)
It's Virtually Like a Leased Circuit, So Let's Call It a Virtual Circuit	321	(1)
Faster, Cheaper, Better-You Can't Go Wrong with Frame Relay	322	(4)
You Can Still Use Serial Links, but It Will Cost You Up Front	323	(1)
Get Your Free Bandwidth Here! Free Bits!	324	(2)
Routers and WANs: Still a Match Made in Heaven	326	(4)
You Can't Just Send Data-You Have to Send a Frame Relay Frame	328	(1)
Addressing Is Much More Interesting on Frame Relay Than on Serial Links	329	(1)
Chapter Summary	330	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	330	(3)
Chapter 16 Driving from Home onto the Globally Interconnected (Internet) Roadway	333	(20)
Once on the Interstate (Internet), You Can Go Anywhere	334	(2)
Using a Phone Line for Data	336	(6)
Making Data Sound Like Voice	337	(2)
What Phones Do for Voice, Modems Do for Data	339	(3)
How Fast Can You Talk?	342	(1)
Calling the Internet! Calling the Internet!	342	(3)
Now That I Know How to Talk, Whom Should I Call?	343	(1)
Now That I Know Whom to Call, What Do I Say?	344	(1)
Using the Phone Line for Data-the DSL Way	345	(4)
Dr. Analog Voice and Mr. Hiding Digital	346	(2)
Faster Is Better	348	(1)
Sending Data from Home Without Using a Phone Line	349	(1)
Chapter Summary	350	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	351	(2)
Part VI Securing the Network	353	(38)
Chapter 17 Accepting the Right People and Rejecting the Wrong People	355	(18)
Safe Driving by Using AAA	355	(6)
Checking for Fake Drivers' (Users') Licenses	356	(3)
Hey! How Did You Get in Here?	359	(1)
Checking the License to Find Out if He Can Drive That Kind of Vehicle	359	(1)
Tracking Drivers' (Users') Violations	360	(1)
Making Sure (Internet) Drivers Have Valid Drivers' Licenses	361	(6)
No Appls Yet? Be a Good CHAP and Ask PAP	362	(2)
Stopping Someone from Using Your License (Password)	364	(3)
You're Wearing Your Credit Card Number on Your T-Shirt	367	(3)
Chapter Summary	370	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	371	(2)
Chapter 18 Keeping a Watchful Eye Over Who Drives into Your (Network) Neighborhood	373	(18)
Setting the Ground Rules	373	(5)
Enforcing the Ground Rules	378	(6)
Ways to Watch Your (Network) Neighborhood	379	(2)
Deciding When to Stop the Traffic	381	(2)
Safe Places Outside of Your Neighborhood (Network)	383	(1)
Using the Police to Watch for Bad Guys	384	(3)
Watching for Wolves in Sheep's Clothing	385	(1)
Avoiding Catching Cold	386	(1)
Profiling What the Bad Guys Want to Do	387	(1)
Chapter Summary	387	(1)
Chapter Review Questions	388	(3)
Part VII Appendixes	391	(68)
Appendix A Answers to Chapter Review Questions	393	(42)
Appendix B Converting IP Addresses Between Decimal and Binary	435	(24)
Glossary	459	(38)
Index	497