Computers, Software Engineering, And Digital Devices

by Dorf; Richard C.

• ISBN13: 9780849373404
• ISBN10: 0849373409
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-12-22
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

In two editions spanning more than a decade, The Electrical Engineering Handbook stands as the definitive reference to the multidisciplinary field of electrical engineering. Our knowledge continues to grow, and so does the Handbook. For the third edition, it has expanded into a set of six books carefully focused on a specialized area or field of study. Each book represents a concise yet definitive collection of key concepts, models, and equations in its respective domain, thoughtfully gathered for convenient access.Computers, Software Engineering, and Digital Devices examines digital and logical devices, displays, testing, software, and computers, presenting the fundamental concepts needed to ensure a thorough understanding of each field. It treats the emerging fields of programmable logic, hardware description languages, and parallel computing in detail. Each article includes defining terms, references, and sources of further information.Encompassing the work of the world's foremost experts in their respective specialties, Computers, Software Engineering, and Digital Devices features the latest developments, the broadest scope of coverage, and new material on secure electronic commerce and parallel computing.

Table of Contents

SECTION I Digital Devices
1 Logic Elements
1.1 IC Logic Family Operation and Characteristics
Gregory L. Moss	1-1	(1)
IC Logic Families and Subfamilies
TTL Logic Family
CMOS Logic Family
ECL Logic Family
Logic Family Circuit Parameters
Interfacing between Logic Families
1.2 Logic Gates (IC)
Peter Graham	1-10	(1)
Gate Specification Parameters
Bipolar Transistor Gates
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Logic
CMOS Design Considerations
Choosing a Logic Family
1.3 Bistable Devices
Richard S. Sandige and Lynne A. Slivovsky	1-23	(1)
Latches
Flip-Flops
1.4 Optical Devices
H.S. Hinton	1-29	(1)
All-Optical Devices
Optoelectronic Devices
2 Memory Devices
2.1 Integrated Circuits (RAM, ROM)
W. David Pricer	2-1	(1)
Dynamic RAMs (DRAMs)
Static RAMs (SRAMs)
Nonvolatile Programmable Memories
Read-Only Memories (ROMs)
2.2 Magnetic Tape
Peter A. Lee	2-9	(1)
A Brief Historical Review
Introduction
Magnetic Tape
Tape Format
Recording Modes
2.3 Magneto-Optical Disk Data Storage
M. Mansuripur	2-14	(1)
Preliminaries and Basic Definitions
The Concept of Track
Disk Rotation Speed
Access Time
The Optical Path
Automatic Focusing
Automatic Tracking
Thermomagnetic Recording Process
Magneto-Optical Readout
Materials of Magneto-Optical Data Storage
3 Logical Devices
3.1 Combinational Networks and Switching Algebra
Franco P. Preparata	3-1	(1)
Introduction to Binary Functions of Binary Variables
Switching Functions of One and Two Variables
Networks and Expressions
Switching Algebra
Boolean Expressions: Normal and Canonical Forms
Other Important Boolean Connectives
3.2 Logic Circuits
Richard S. Sandige and Albert A. Liddicoat	3-18	(1)
Combinational Logic Circuits
Sequential Logic Circuits
Synchronous Sequential Logic Circuits
Asynchronous Sequential Logic Circuits
3.3 Registers and Their Applications
B.R. Bannister, D.G. Whitehead, and James M. Gilbert	3-28	(1)
Gated Registers
Shift Registers
Register Transfer Level (RTL)
Notation
Counters
Registered ASICs
Standard Graphic Symbols
3.4 Programmable Arrays
George A. Constantinides	3-40	(1)
Introduction
Architectures
Design Tools
Applications
Conclusion
3.5 Arithmetic Logic Units
Bill D. Carroll	3-46	(1)
Basic Adders and Subtracters
High-Speed Adders
Multifunction Arithmetic Logic Units
Standard Integrated Circuit ALUs
3.6 Programmable Logic
Albert A. Liddicoat and Lynne A. Slivovsky	3-52	(1)
Introduction
Programmable Elements
CPLD Architecture
FPGA Architecture
Design Example for CPLD and FPGA
Programmable Logic Design Flow Using a Hardware Description Language
4 Microprocessors
4.1 Practical Microprocessors
John Staudhammer	4-1	(1)
Types of Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
4.2 Applications
Phillip J. Windley and James F. Frenzel	4-5	(1)
Data Collection
Computing
5 Displays
5.1 Light-Emitting Diodes
James E. Morris	5-1	(1)
Semiconductor Device Principles
Semiconductor Materials
Device Efficiency
Interfacing
5.2 Liquid-Crystal Displays
James E. Morris	5-11	(1)
Principle of Operation
Interfacing
5.3 Plasma Displays
Larry F. Weber	5-17	(1)
Introduction
Color Plasma Display Markets
Color Plasma Display Attributes
Gas Discharge Physics
Current Limiting for Plasma Displays
Ac Plasma Displays
Color Plasma Display Devices
Grayscale
6 Data Acquisition
Dhammika Kurumbalapitiya	6-1	(1)
6.1 Introduction	6-1	(1)
6.2 The Analog and Digital Signal Interface	6-2	(1)
6.3 Analog Signal Conditioning	6-4	(1)
6.4 Sample-and-Hold and A/D Techniques in Data Acquisition	6-5	(1)
6.5 The Communication Interface of a Data Acquisition System	6-6	(1)
6.6 Data Recording	6-8	(1)
6.7 Software Aspects	6-8	(1)
7 Testing
7.1 Digital IC Testing
Michaela Serra	7-1	(1)
Taxonomy and Definitions
Fault Models
Test-Pattern Generation
Output Response Analysis and Built-In Self-Test
Pseudo-Random Pattern Generators
Data Compaction or Signature Analysis
Summary
7.2 Design for Test
Bulent I. Dervisoglu	7-9	(1)
The Testability Problem
Design for Testability
Future for Design for Test
SECTION II Computer Engineering
8 Organization
8.1 Number Systems
Richard F. Tinder	8-1	(1)
Positional and Polynomial Representations
Unsigned Binary Number System
Unsigned Binary-Coded Decimal, hexadecimal, and Octal Systems
Conversion between Number systems
Signed Binary Numbers
Floating-Point Number Systems
8.2 Computer Arithmetic
S.N. Yanushkevich	8-17	(1)
Basics of Computing Arithmetic
Binary Addres
Multipliers
Arithmetic-Logic Units
Other Number Representations
Low Power Computing Arithmetic
Stochastic Arithmetic
Threshold Logic for Massively Parallel Systems
Computing Arithmetic of nanostructures
8.3 Architecture
Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic, and Safwat Zaky	8-32	(1)
Functional units
Basic Operational Concepts
Performance
Multiprocessors
8.4 Microprogramming
Jacques Raymond	8-38	(1)
Levels of Programming
Microinstruction Structure
Microprogram Development
Emulation
Other Applications of Microprogramming
9 Programming
9.1 Assembly Language
James M. Feldman and Edward W. Czeck	9-1	(1)
Number count()
Comparisions Down on the Factory Floor
Compiler Optimization and Assembly Language
9.2 High-Level Languages
Ted G. Lewis	9-24	(1)
What Is a HLL?
How Is a HLL?
HLLs and Paradigms
Summary and conclusions
9.3 Data Types and Data Structures
Johannes J. Martin	9-36	(1)
Abstract Data Types
Fundamental Data types
Type constructors
Dynamic Types
More dynamic data Types
Object-Oriented Programming
9.4 The Use of Hardware Description Languages in Computer Design
Michael D. Ciletti	9-47	(1)
Introduction
Productivity Gains
Design Methodology
Functional Verification
Controller Design
10 Input and Output
Solomon Sherr	10-1	(1)
Keyboards
Light Pen
Data Tablet (Graphics, Digitizer)
Mouse
Trackball
Joystick
Touch Input
Scanners
Voice
Summary
Advantages and Disadvantages
11 Secure Electronic Commerce
Mostafa Hashem Sherif	11-1	(1)
12 Software Engineering
12.1 Tools and Techniques
Carl A. Argila	12-1	(1)
Approach
Methods
Information Modeling
Essential Modeling
Implementation Modeling
CASE Tools
12.2 Software Testing
Paul C. Jorgensen	12-9	(1)
Introduction
Fundamental Testing Approaches
Specification-Based Test Methods
Code-Based Test Methods
13 Computer Graphics
Nan C. Schaller and Evelyn P. Rozanski	13-1	(1)
13.1 Introduction	13-1	(1)
13.2 Graphics Hardware	13-3	(1)
Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)
Graphical Output Devices
13.3 Graphics Software	13-5	(1)
Engineering Software Packages
Other Graphics Software Packages
General Purpose Libraries and Packages
Plotting and Page Description Languages
Web Graphics
13.4 Graphics Algorithms	13-7	(1)
Graphics Modeling
Rendering
Interaction Algorithms
Parallel Graphics
13.5 The Future	13-11	(1)
14 Computer Networks
Matthew N.O. Sadiku and Cajetan M. Akujuobi	14-1	(1)
14.1 OSI Reference Model	14-1	(1)
14.2 Local Area Networks	14-4	(1)
14.3 Metropolitan Area Networks	14-6	(1)
14.4 Wide Area Networks	14-9	(1)
Circuit and Packet Switching
X.25
Frame Relay
14.5 ISDN and ATM Networks	14-11	(1)
14.6 Internet	14-14	(1)
Internet Protocol Suite
Addresses and Addressing Scheme
IPv6
15 Fault Tolerance
Barry W. Johnson	15-1	(1)
15.1 Introduction	15-1	(1)
15.2 Hardware Redundancy	15-1	(1)
15.3 Information Redundancy	15-2	(1)
15.4 Time Redundancy	15-5	(1)
15.5 Software Redundancy	15-5	(1)
15.6 Dependability Evaluation	15-6	(1)
16 Knowledge Engineering
16.1 Databases
M. Abdelguerfi and R. Eskicioglu	16-1	(1)
Database Abstraction
Data Models
Relational Databases
Hierarchical Databases
Network Databases
Architecture of a DBMS
Data Integrity and Security
Emerging Trends
16.2 Rule-Based Expert Systems
Jay Liebowitz	16-17	(1)
Problem Selection
Knowledge Acquisition
Knowledge Representation
Knowledge Encoding
Knowledge Testing and Evaluation
Implementation and Maintenance
17 Parallel Processors
17.1 Parallel Processors
Tse-yun Feng and Miro Kraetzl	17-1	(1)
Introduction
Classifications
Types of Parallel Processors
System Utilization
17.2 Parallel Computing
Young Choon Lee and Albert Y. Zomaya	17-9	(1)
Introduction
Classification of Parallel Computers
Parallel Computer Models
Parallel Programming Paradigms
Parallel Programming Considerations
18 Operating Systems
Raphael Finkel	18-1	(1)
18.1 Introduction	18-1	(1)
18.2 Historical Perspective	18-1	(1)
Open Shop Organization
Operator-Driven Shop Organization
Offline Loading
Spooling Systems
Batch Multiprogramming
Interactive Multiprogramming
Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
Distributed Computing
18.3 Goals of an Operating System	18-7	(1)
Abstracting Hardware
Managing Resources
User Interface
Security and Reliability
18.4 Implementing an Operating System	18-13	(1)
Processes
Components of the Kernel
18.5 Research Issues and Summary	18-15	(1)
19 Computer and Communications Security
J. Arlin Cooper and Anna M. Johnston	19-1
19.1 Introduction	19-1	(1)
19.2 Physical Security	19-3	(1)
19.3 Cryptology	19-3	(1)
19.4 Software Security	19-6	(1)
19.5 Hardware Security	19-8	(1)
19.6 Network Security	19-10	(1)
19.7 Personnel Security	19-12	(1)
20 Computer Reliability
Chris G. Guy	20-1	(1)
20.1 Introduction	20-1	(1)
20.2 Definitions of Failure, Fault, and Error	20-1	(1)
20.3 Failure Rate and Reliability	20-2	(1)
20.4 Relationship between Reliability and Failure Rate	20-3	(1)
20.5 Mean Time to Failure	20-4	(1)
20.6 Mean Time to Repair	20-4	(1)
20.7 Mean Time between Failures	20-4	(1)
20.8 Availability	20-5	(1)
20.9 Calculation of Computer System Reliability	20-5	(1)
Parallel-Series System
Series-Parallel System
Practical Systems
Using Parallel Subsystems
20.10 Markov Modeling	20-8	(1)
20.11 Software Reliability	20-8	(1)
20.12 Reliability Calculations for Real Systems	20-9
SECTION III Mathematics, Symbols, and Physical Constants
Introduction
Ronald J. Tallarida	III-1
Greek Alphabet	III-3
International System of Units (SI)	III-3
Definitions of SI Base Units
Names and Symbols for the SI Base Units
SI Derived Units with Special Names and Symbols
Units in Use Together with the SI
Conversion Constants and Multipliers	III-6
Recommended Decimal Multiples and Submultiples
Conversion Factors—Metric to English
Conversion Factors—English to Metric
Conversion Factors—General
Temperature Factors
Conversion of Temperatures
Physical Constants	III-8
General
&pi Constants
Constants Involving e
Numerical Constants
Symbols and Terminology for Physical and Chemical Quantities	III-9
Classical Mechanics
Electricity and Magnetism
Electromagnetic Radiation
Solid State
Credits	III-13
Probability for Electrical and Computer Engineers Charles W. Therrien	III-14
The Algebra of Events
Probability
An Example
Conditional Probability and Bayes' Rule
Communication Example
Indexes
Author Index	A-1
Subject Index	S-1