The Concept of Sports Injury | p. 1 |
Definition of Sports Injury | p. 3 |
Injury Classifications | p. 6 |
Sprains | p. 6 |
Strains | p. 7 |
Contusions | p. 7 |
Fractures | p. 7 |
Dislocations | p. 9 |
Injury Recognition | p. 10 |
Epidemiology of Sports Injury | p. 10 |
Classification of Sports | p. 11 |
Extent of the Injury Problem--Some Examples | p. 12 |
Tackle Football | p. 12 |
Basketball | p. 12 |
Baseball and Softball | p. 13 |
Wrestling | p. 14 |
Volleyball | p. 15 |
Soccer | p. 15 |
Review Questions | p. 16 |
References | p. 16 |
The Sports Medicine Team | p. 19 |
Sports Medicine | p. 20 |
Key Members of the Team | p. 20 |
Requirements for Application for the NATABOC Certification Examination | p. 23 |
Professional Settings for the Practice of Athletic Training | p. 23 |
Interscholastic Level | p. 24 |
Sports Medicine Delivery | p. 26 |
Review Questions | p. 27 |
References | p. 27 |
The Law of Sports Injury | p. 29 |
The Concept of Tort | p. 30 |
What Is Your Liability? | p. 31 |
Are You Protected? | p. 31 |
Good Samaritan Law | p. 31 |
How to Reduce Your Chances of Going to Court | p. 32 |
What to Do if You Get Sued | p. 34 |
Ethics of Sports Injury Care | p. 34 |
Review Questions | p. 34 |
References | p. 35 |
Sports Injury Prevention | p. 37 |
Causative Factors in Injury | p. 38 |
Intervention Strategies | p. 38 |
Injury Prevention and Preseason Conditioning | p. 42 |
Aerobic Fitness | p. 42 |
Muscle Strength, Power, and Endurance | p. 43 |
Flexibility | p. 44 |
Nutrition and Body Composition | p. 45 |
Periodization | p. 45 |
Modification of Extrinsic Factors | p. 46 |
Practice/Competition Environment | p. 46 |
Facilities | p. 46 |
Protective Equipment | p. 47 |
Review Questions | p. 47 |
References | p. 47 |
The Psychology of Injury | p. 51 |
Personality Variables | p. 52 |
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) | p. 53 |
Psychosocial Variables | p. 54 |
Competitive Stress and the Adolescent | p. 55 |
Psychology of the Injured Athlete | p. 55 |
Recommendations | p. 56 |
Eating Disorders | p. 56 |
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa | p. 57 |
Research | p. 57 |
Sport Specificity and Eating Disorders | p. 57 |
Prevention | p. 59 |
Treatment | p. 60 |
Review Questions | p. 60 |
References | p. 60 |
Nutritional Considerations | p. 63 |
Essential Nutrients--An Overview | p. 64 |
Carbohydrates | p. 64 |
Fats (Lipids) | p. 65 |
Proteins | p. 66 |
Vitamins | p. 67 |
Minerals | p. 67 |
Water | p. 68 |
Dietary Habits of Athletes: What the Research Shows | p. 68 |
Conclusions | p. 69 |
Wrestling--Special Considerations | p. 70 |
Educating Athletes--What Can the Coach Do? | p. 71 |
General Dietary Guidelines for Athletes | p. 71 |
Daily Diet (Nutritional Maintenance) | p. 71 |
Precompetition Diets | p. 72 |
Nutrition During Competition | p. 73 |
Weight vs. Fat Management | p. 73 |
Minimal Competitive Weight | p. 73 |
Nutrition and Injury Recovery | p. 74 |
Review Questions | p. 74 |
References | p. 75 |
Emergency Plan and Initial Injury Evaluation | p. 77 |
Important Questions and Considerations | p. 78 |
First Aid Training | p. 79 |
Injury-Evaluation Procedures | p. 79 |
The Coach's Responsibility | p. 79 |
The Evaluation Process | p. 80 |
Assessment of the Injured Athlete | p. 80 |
Nervous System | p. 80 |
Respiratory System | p. 81 |
Circulatory System | p. 82 |
The Initial Survey--Summary | p. 83 |
Physical Exam | p. 84 |
Shock | p. 84 |
Medical History | p. 84 |
Palpation | p. 86 |
Return to Play? | p. 86 |
The Coach's Limitations | p. 87 |
Review Questions | p. 87 |
References | p. 87 |
The Injury Process | p. 89 |
The Physics of Sports Injury | p. 90 |
The Mechanical Forces of Injury | p. 90 |
The Physiology of Sports Injury | p. 90 |
The Inflammatory Process | p. 90 |
Acute Inflammatory Phase | p. 91 |
Resolution (Healing) Phase | p. 92 |
Regeneration and Repair | p. 92 |
Pain and Acute Injury | p. 94 |
Intervention Procedures | p. 95 |
Cryotherapy and Thermotherapy | p. 95 |
Pharmacologic Agents | p. 97 |
The Role of Exercise Rehabilitation | p. 98 |
Review Questions | p. 99 |
References | p. 100 |
Injuries to the Head, Neck, and Face | p. 103 |
Anatomy Review of the Region | p. 104 |
Skull | p. 104 |
The Meninges | p. 105 |
The Central Nervous System (CNS) | p. 105 |
The Face | p. 105 |
The Neck (Cervical Spine) | p. 106 |
Head Injuries in Sports | p. 106 |
Background Information | p. 106 |
Mechanism of Injury | p. 106 |
Concussion (Mild Head Injury) | p. 107 |
Second Impact Syndrome | p. 108 |
Intracranial Injury | p. 108 |
Cranial Injury | p. 109 |
Initial Treatment of a Suspected Head Injury--Guidelines | p. 109 |
Initial Survey | p. 109 |
Physical Exam | p. 110 |
Sideline Assessment | p. 112 |
Cervical Spine Injuries | p. 113 |
Background Information | p. 113 |
Mechanisms of Injury | p. 113 |
Brachial Plexus Injuries | p. 114 |
Sprains | p. 115 |
Strains | p. 116 |
Fractures and Dislocations | p. 116 |
Initial Treatment of a Suspected Neck Injury--Guidelines | p. 117 |
Emergency Procedures for the Treatment of Head and Neck Injuries in Football | p. 119 |
Injuries to the Maxillofacial Region | p. 121 |
Dental Injuries | p. 122 |
Eye Injuries | p. 123 |
Nose Injuries | p. 125 |
Ear Injuries | p. 126 |
Fractures of the Face (Nonnasal) | p. 126 |
Wounds of the Facial Region | p. 127 |
Review Questions | p. 127 |
References | p. 128 |
Injuries to the Thoracic Through Coccygeal Spine | p. 131 |
Anatomy Review of the Thoracic Spine | p. 132 |
Common Sports Injuries | p. 132 |
Skeletal Injuries | p. 132 |
Sprains | p. 133 |
Strains | p. 134 |
Intervertebral Disk Injuries | p. 134 |
Anatomy Review of the Lumbar Spine Distally to the Coccyx | p. 135 |
Common Sports Injuries | p. 136 |
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis | p. 136 |
Traumatic Fractures | p. 137 |
Sprains and Strains | p. 137 |
Lumbar Disk Injuries | p. 138 |
Review Questions | p. 139 |
References | p. 139 |
Injuries to the Shoulder Region | p. 141 |
Anatomy Review | p. 142 |
Common Sports Injuries | p. 143 |
Skeletal Injuries | p. 145 |
Soft-Tissue Injuries | p. 146 |
Review Questions | p. 153 |
References | p. 154 |
Injuries to the Arm, Wrist, and Hand | p. 157 |
Anatomy Review | p. 158 |
Soft-Tissue Injuries to the Upper Arm | p. 158 |
Myositis Ossificans Traumatica | p. 158 |
Triceps Injuries | p. 160 |
Fractures of the Upper Arm | p. 160 |
Elbow Injuries | p. 162 |
Sprains and Dislocations | p. 163 |
Fractures | p. 164 |
Epicondylitis of the Elbow | p. 165 |
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow | p. 166 |
Contusions of the Elbow | p. 167 |
Wrist and Forearm Injuries | p. 167 |
Wrist Fractures | p. 168 |
Wrist Sprains and Dislocations | p. 169 |
Nerve Injuries to the Wrist | p. 170 |
Unique Tendon Problems of the Wrist | p. 172 |
Hand Injuries | p. 173 |
Hand Fractures | p. 173 |
Sprains and Dislocations of the Hand | p. 174 |
Review Questions | p. 178 |
References | p. 179 |
Injuries to the Thorax and Abdomen | p. 181 |
Anatomy Review | p. 182 |
Internal Organs | p. 183 |
Common Sports Injuries | p. 183 |
External Injuries | p. 184 |
Internal Injuries | p. 185 |
Review Questions | p. 187 |
References | p. 188 |
Injuries to the Hip and Pelvis | p. 191 |
Anatomy Review | p. 192 |
Common Sports Injuries | p. 194 |
Skeletal Injuries | p. 194 |
Soft-Tissue Injuries | p. 196 |
Review Questions | p. 198 |
References | p. 199 |
Injuries to the Thigh, Leg, and Knee | p. 201 |
Anatomy Review | p. 202 |
Common Sports Injuries | p. 203 |
Skeletal Injuries | p. 204 |
Soft-Tissue Injuries to the Thigh | p. 205 |
Patellofemoral Joint Injuries | p. 207 |
Patellofemoral Conditions | p. 209 |
Menisci Injuries | p. 210 |
Knee Ligament Injuries | p. 211 |
Knee Bracing | p. 213 |
Review Questions | p. 214 |
References | p. 215 |
Injuries to the Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot | p. 217 |
Anatomy Review | p. 218 |
Common Sports Injuries | p. 219 |
Skeletal Injuries | p. 221 |
Soft-Tissue Injuries | p. 222 |
Foot Disorders | p. 227 |
Preventative Ankle Taping | p. 231 |
Review Questions | p. 232 |
References | p. 232 |
Skin Conditions in Sports | p. 235 |
Wounds | p. 236 |
Treatment | p. 236 |
Other Skin Conditions | p. 239 |
Ultraviolet Light-Related Skin Problems | p. 239 |
Skin Infections | p. 239 |
Wrestling and Skin Infections | p. 242 |
Allergic Reactions | p. 243 |
Review Questions | p. 245 |
References | p. 245 |
Thermal Injuries | p. 247 |
Heat-Related Health Problems | p. 249 |
Heat Cramps | p. 249 |
Heat Exhaustion | p. 250 |
Heatstroke | p. 251 |
Prevention of Heat Disorders | p. 252 |
Cold-Related Health Problems | p. 252 |
Hypothermia | p. 253 |
Frostbite and Frostnip | p. 255 |
Cold Urticaria | p. 256 |
Review Questions | p. 256 |
References | p. 256 |
Other Medical Concerns | p. 259 |
Exercise and Infectious Disease | p. 260 |
Respiratory Infections | p. 260 |
Gastrointestinal Infections | p. 261 |
Other Infectious Diseases | p. 261 |
Exercise-Induced Asthma | p. 264 |
The Athlete with Diabetes | p. 265 |
Epilepsy and Sports Participation | p. 267 |
Review Questions | p. 270 |
References | p. 270 |
The Adolescent Athlete: Special Medical Concerns | p. 273 |
Youth Sports in America | p. 274 |
Factors in Youth Sports Participation | p. 3274 |
The Growing Athlete | p. 274 |
Puberty | p. 274 |
Growth | p. 275 |
Injury Mechanisms | p. 275 |
Ligament Injuries | p. 275 |
Tendon Injuries | p. 276 |
Growth Plate Injuries | p. 277 |
Growth Cartilage | p. 277 |
Contributors to Injury | p. 277 |
Intrinsic Factors | p. 277 |
Extrinsic Factors | p. 278 |
Injury Imitators | p. 278 |
Oncologic | p. 279 |
Rheumatologic | p. 279 |
Infectious | p. 279 |
Neurovascular | p. 279 |
Psychologic | p. 280 |
Strength Training | p. 280 |
Safety | p. 280 |
Lat Pull Down | p. 281 |
Bench Press | p. 281 |
Military Press | p. 281 |
Squats | p. 281 |
Prevention of Injury | p. 282 |
Preparticipation Athletic Evaluation (PAE) | p. 282 |
Rehabilitation of Previous Injuries | p. 282 |
Stretching Programs | p. 282 |
Coaching Techniques | p. 282 |
Review Questions | p. 282 |
Suggested Readings | p. 283 |
References | p. 283 |
National Safety Council CPR | p. 285 |
National Safety Council Bloodborne Pathogens | p. 301 |
Health Evaluation History | p. 329 |
Weight Loss in Wrestlers | p. 331 |
Generic First-Aid Kit for Sports Injuries (Checklist) | p. 337 |
Guidelines for Movable Soccer Goal Safety | p. 338 |
Rehabilitation--An Overview | p. 344 |
Equipment Fitting | p. 351 |
Glossary | p. 357 |
Index | p. 367 |
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