Conceptual Physics Plus MasteringPhysics

by Hewitt, Paul G.

• ISBN13: 9780805393750
• ISBN10: 0805393757
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780133498493
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-06-30
• Publisher: PEARSON
• More Book Details

Table of Contents

Conceptual Physics Photo Album	xiii
To the Student	xv
To the Instructor	xvi
Acknowledgments	xix
About Science	2	(19)
Scientific Measurements	3	(5)
Size of Earth	3	(1)
Size of the Moon	4	(2)
Distance to the Moon	6	(1)
Distance to the Sun	6	(1)
Size of the Sun	7	(1)
Mathematics---The Language of Science	8	(1)
Scientific Methods	9	(1)
The Scientific Attitude	9	(5)
Science, Art, and Religion	14	(1)
Science and Technology	15	(1)
Physics---The Basic Science	16	(1)
In Perspective	17	(4)
PART ONE Mechanics	21	(188)
Newton's First Law of Motion---Inertia	22	(19)
Aristotle on Motion	22	(2)
Copernicus and the Moving Earth	24	(1)
Galileo and the Leaning Tower	24	(1)
Galileo's Inclined Planes	25	(2)
Newton's First Law of Motion	27	(1)
Net Force	28	(4)
The Equilibrium Rule	32	(2)
Support Force	34	(1)
Equilibrium of Moving Things	35	(1)
The Moving Earth	36	(5)
Linear Motion	41	(17)
Motion Is Relative	41	(1)
Speed	41	(2)
Instantaneous Speed	42	(1)
Average Speed	42	(1)
Velocity	43	(1)
Constant Velocity	44	(1)
Changing Velocity	44	(1)
Acceleration	44	(3)
Acceleration on Galileo's Inclined Planes	47	(1)
Free Fall	47	(11)
How Fast	47	(2)
How Far	49	(2)
How Quickly ``How Fast'' Changes	51	(7)
Newton's Second Law of Motion	58	(16)
Force Causes Acceleration	58	(1)
Friction	59	(2)
Mass and Weight	61	(2)
Mass Resists Acceleration	63	(1)
Newton's Second Law of Motion	64	(1)
When Acceleration Is g---Free Fall	65	(1)
When Acceleration Is Less Than g---Nonfree Fall	66	(8)
Newton's Third Law of Motion	74	(17)
Forces and Interactions	74	(1)
Newton's Third Law of Motion	75	(7)
Defining Your System	77	(2)
Action and Reaction on Different Masses	79	(3)
Summary of Newton's Three Laws	82	(1)
Vectors	82	(9)
Force Vectors	83	(1)
Velocity Vectors	83	(2)
Components of Vectors	85	(6)
Momentum	91	(19)
Momentum	91	(1)
Impulse	92	(1)
Impulse changes Momentum	93	(3)
Case 1: Increasing Momentum	94	(1)
Case 2: Decreasing Momentum	94	(2)
Case 3: Decreasing Momentum over a Short Time
Bouncing	96	(2)
Conservation of Momentum	98	(2)
Collisions	100	(3)
More Complicated Collisions	103	(7)
Energy	110	(21)
Work	110	(1)
Power	111	(1)
Mechanical Energy	112	(5)
Potential Energy	113	(1)
Kinetic Energy	114	(1)
Work-Energy Theorem	115	(2)
Conservation of Energy	117	(1)
Machines	118	(2)
Efficiency	120	(1)
Comparison of Kinetic Energy and Momentum	121	(2)
Energy for Life	123	(1)
Sources of Energy	123	(8)
Rotational Motion	131	(30)
Circular Motion	131	(3)
Rotational Inertia	134	(3)
Torque	137	(2)
Center of Mass and Center of Gravity	139	(5)
Locating the Center of Gravity	140	(2)
Stability	142	(2)
Centripetal Force	144	(1)
Centrifugal Force	145	(2)
Centrifugal Force in a Rotating Reference Frame	147	(1)
Simulated Gravity	148	(2)
Angular Momentum	150	(1)
Conservation of Angular Momentum	151	(10)
Gravity	161	(23)
The Universal Law of Gravity	161	(2)
The Universal Gravitational Constant, G	163	(2)
Gravity and Distance: The Inverse-Square Law	165	(1)
Weight and Weightlessness	166	(2)
Ocean Tides	168	(4)
Tides in the Earth and Atmosphere	171	(1)
Tides on the Moon	172	(1)
Gravitational Fields	172	(3)
Gravitational Field Inside a Planet	173	(2)
Einstein's Theory of Gravitation	175	(1)
Black Holes	175	(2)
Universal Gravitation	177	(7)
Projectile and Satellite Motion	184	(25)
Projectile Motion	184	(8)
Projectiles Launched Horizontally	185	(1)
Projectiles Launched at an Angle	186	(6)
Fast-Moving Projectiles---Satellites	192	(2)
Circular Satellite Orbits	194	(2)
Elliptical Orbits	196	(3)
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion	199	(1)
Energy Conservation and Satellite Motion	200	(1)
Escape Speed	201	(8)
PART TWO Properties of Matter	209	(80)
The Atomic Nature of Matter	210	(19)
The Atomic Hypothesis	210	(1)
Characteristics of Atoms	211	(3)
Atomic Imagery	214	(1)
Atomic Structure	215	(2)
The Elements	217	(1)
The Periodic Table of Elements	218	(1)
Isotopes	218	(3)
Compounds and Mixtures	221	(1)
Molecules	221	(2)
Antimatter	223	(1)
Dark Matter	224	(5)
Solids	229	(19)
Muller's Micrograph	229	(1)
Crystal Structure	230	(2)
Density	232	(1)
Elasticity	233	(2)
Tension and Compression	235	(2)
Arches	237	(2)
Scaling	239	(9)
Liquids	248	(20)
Pressure	248	(1)
Pressure in a Liquid	249	(3)
Buoyancy	252	(1)
Archimedes' Principle	253	(2)
What Makes an Object Sink or Float?	255	(1)
Flotation	256	(2)
Pascal's Principle	258	(2)
Surface Tension	260	(1)
Capillarity	261	(7)
Gases and Plasmas	268	(21)
The Atmosphere	268	(1)
Atmospheric Pressure	269	(5)
Barometer	271	(3)
Boyle's Law	274	(1)
Buoyancy of Air	275	(2)
Bernoulli's Principle	277	(4)
Applications of Bernoulli's Principle	278	(3)
Plasma	281	(8)
Plasma in the Everyday World	281	(1)
Plasma Power	282	(7)
PART THREE Heat	289	(72)
Temperature, Heat, and Expansion	290	(16)
Temperature	290	(2)
Heat	292	(2)
Measuring Heat	294	(1)
Specific Heat Capacity	294	(3)
The High Specific Heat Capacity of Water	295	(2)
Thermal Expansion	297	(9)
Expansion of Water	299	(7)
Heat Transfer	306	(19)
Conduction	306	(2)
Convection	308	(2)
Radiation	310	(6)
Emission of Radiant Energy	312	(1)
Absorption of Radiant Energy	313	(1)
Reflection of Radiant Energy	314	(1)
Cooling at Night by Radiation	315	(1)
Newton's Law of Cooling	316	(1)
The Greenhouse Effect	317	(2)
Solar Power	319	(1)
Controlling Heat Transfer	320	(5)
Change of Phase	325	(17)
Evaporation	325	(2)
Condensation	327	(3)
Condensation in the Atmosphere	328	(1)
Fog and Clouds	329	(1)
Boiling	330	(2)
Geysers	331	(1)
Boiling Is a Cooling Process	331	(1)
Boiling and Freezing at the Same Time	331	(1)
Melting and Freezing	332	(1)
Regelation	333	(1)
Energy and Changes of Phase	333	(9)
Thermodynamics	342	(19)
Absolute Zero	342	(2)
Internal Energy	344	(1)
First Law of Thermodynamics	344	(2)
Adiabatic Processes	346	(1)
Meteorology and the First Law	346	(4)
Second Law of Thermodynamics	350	(4)
Heat Engines	350	(4)
Order Tends to Disorder	354	(2)
Entropy	356	(5)
PART FOUR Sound	361	(48)
Vibrations and Waves	362	(18)
Vibration of a Pendulum	362	(1)
Wave Description	363	(2)
Wave Motion	365	(1)
Wave Speed	366	(1)
Transverse Waves	367	(1)
Longitudinal Waves	368	(1)
Interference	369	(1)
Standing Waves	370	(2)
Doppler Effect	372	(1)
Bow Waves	373	(1)
Shock Waves	374	(6)
Sound	380	(18)
Origin of Sound	380	(1)
Nature of Sound in Air	381	(1)
Media That Transmit Sound	382	(1)
Speed of Sound in Air	383	(1)
Reflection of Sound	384	(1)
Refraction of Sound	385	(2)
Energy in Sound Waves	387	(1)
Forced Vibrations	387	(1)
Natural Frequency	387	(1)
Resonance	388	(1)
Interference	389	(2)
Beats	391	(7)
Musical Sounds	398	(11)
Pitch	398	(1)
Sound Intensity and Loudness	399	(1)
Quality	400	(2)
Musical Instruments	402	(1)
Fourier Analysis	402	(2)
Compact Discs	404	(5)
PART FIVE Electricity and Magnetism	409	(86)
Electrostatics	410	(26)
Electrical Forces	410	(1)
Electric Charges	411	(1)
Conservation of Charge	412	(2)
Coulomb's Law	414	(1)
Conductors and Insulators	415	(1)
Semiconductors	416	(1)
Superconductors	416	(1)
Charging	417	(2)
Charging by Friction and Contact	417	(1)
Charging by Induction	417	(2)
Charge Polarization	419	(2)
Electric Field	421	(4)
Electric Shielding	424	(1)
Electric Potential	425	(3)
Electric Energy Storage	428	(8)
Van de Graaff Generator	429	(7)
Electric Current	436	(22)
Flow of Charge	436	(1)
Electric Current	437	(1)
Voltage Sources	437	(2)
Electrical Resistance	439	(1)
Ohm's Law	439	(3)
Ohm's Law and Electric Shock	440	(2)
Direct Current and Alternating Current	442	(2)
Converting ac to dc	443	(1)
Speed and Source of Electrons in a Circuit	444	(2)
Electric Power	446	(2)
Electric Circuits	448	(10)
Series Circuits	448	(1)
Parallel Circuits	449	(1)
Parallel Circuits and Overloading	450	(1)
Safety Fuses	451	(7)
Magnetism	458	(19)
Magnetic Forces	458	(1)
Magnetic Poles	459	(1)
Magnetic Fields	460	(1)
Magnetic Domains	461	(3)
Electric Currents and Magnetic Fields	464	(2)
Electromagnets	465	(1)
Superconducting Electromagnets	465	(1)
Magnetic Force on Moving Charged Particles	466	(1)
Magnetic Force on Current-Carrying Wires	467	(2)
Electric Meters	468	(1)
Electric Motors	468	(1)
Earth's Magnetic Field	469	(3)
Cosmic Rays	471	(1)
Biomagnetism	472	(5)
Electromagnetic Induction	477	(18)
Electromagnetic Induction	477	(1)
Faraday's Law	478	(2)
Generators and Alternating Current	480	(1)
Power Production	481	(5)
Turbogenerator Power	481	(1)
MHD Power	482	(1)
Transformers	483	(3)
Self-Induction	486	(1)
Power Transmission	487	(1)
Field Induction	488	(1)
In Perspective	489	(6)
PART SIX Light	495	(124)
Properties of Light	496	(19)
Electromagnetic Waves	496	(3)
Electromagnetic Wave Velocity	497	(1)
The Electromagnetic Spectrum	498	(1)
Transparent Materials	499	(3)
Opaque Materials	502	(4)
Shadows	503	(3)
Seeing Light---The Eye	506	(9)
Color	515	(15)
Selective Reflection	515	(2)
Selective Transmission	517	(1)
Mixing Colored Light	518	(2)
Complementary Colors	519	(1)
Mixing Colored Pigments	520	(1)
Why the Sky Is Blue	521	(2)
Why Sunsets Are Red	523	(2)
Why Clouds Are White	525	(1)
Why Water Is Greenish Blue	525	(5)
Reflection and Refraction	530	(28)
Reflection	530	(1)
Principle of Least Time	531	(1)
Law of Reflection	531	(4)
Plane Mirrors	533	(1)
Diffuse Reflection	534	(1)
Refraction	535	(3)
Mirage	537	(1)
Cause of Refraction	538	(5)
Dispersion	540	(1)
Rainbows	541	(2)
Total Internal Reflection	543	(3)
Lenses	546	(4)
Image Formation by a Lens	548	(2)
Lens Defects	550	(8)
Light Waves	558	(24)
Huygens' Principle	558	(2)
Diffraction	560	(2)
Interference	562	(8)
Single-Color Thin-Film Interference	566	(2)
Interference Colors by Reflection from Thin Films	568	(2)
Polarization	570	(6)
Three-Dimensional Viewing	573	(3)
Holography	576	(6)
Light Emission	582	(18)
Excitation	582	(4)
Emission Spectra	585	(1)
Incandescence	586
Absorption Spectra	588
Fluorescence	589s	(591)
Fluorescent Lamps	591	(1)
Phosphorescence	591	(1)
Lasers	592	(8)
Light Quanta	600	(19)
Birth of the Quantum Theory	601	(1)
Quantization and Planck's Constant	601	(2)
Photoelectric Effect	603	(2)
Wave--Particle Duality	605	(1)
Double-Slit Experiment	606	(2)
Particles as Waves: Electron Diffraction	608	(2)
Uncertainty Principle	610	(3)
Complementarity	613	(6)
PART SEVEN Atomic and Nuclear Physics	619	(66)
The Atom and the Quantum	620	(14)
Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus	620	(1)
Discovery of the Electron	621	(2)
Atomic Spectra: Clues to Atomic Structure	623	(1)
Bohr Model of the Atom	624	(1)
Relative Sizes of Atoms	625	(2)
Explanation of Quantized Energy Levels: Electron Waves	627	(2)
Quantum Mechanics	629	(2)
Correspondence Principle	631	(3)
The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity	634	(27)
X-Rays and Radioactivity	634	(1)
Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Rays	635	(2)
The Nucleus	637	(1)
Isotopes	638	(1)
Why Atoms Are Radioactive	639	(2)
Half-Life	641	(3)
Radiation Detectors	642	(2)
Transmutation of Elements	644	(5)
Natural Transmutation	645	(2)
Artificial Transmutation	647	(2)
Radioactive Isotopes	649	(2)
Radiometric Dating	651	(2)
Carbon Dating	651	(2)
Uranium Dating	653	(1)
Effects of Radiation on Humans	653	(8)
Radiation Dosage	656	(5)
Nuclear Fission and Fusion	661	(24)
Nuclear Fission	661	(3)
Nuclear Fission Reactors	664	(3)
Plutonium	667	(1)
The Breeder Reactor	668	(1)
Fission Power	669	(1)
Mass--Energy Equivalence	670	(5)
Nuclear Fusion	675	(3)
Controlling Fusion	678	(7)
PART EIGHT Relativity	685	(50)
Special Theory of Relativity	686	(34)
Motion Is Relative	687	(1)
Michelson--Morley Experiment	687	(1)
Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity	688	(2)
Simultaneity	690	(1)
Spacetime	690	(2)
Time Dilation	692	(4)
The Twin Trip	696	(6)
Addition of Velocities	702	(1)
Space Travel	703	(3)
Length Contraction	706	(2)
Relativistic Momentum	708	(1)
Mass, Energy, and E = mc2	709	(4)
The Correspondence Principle	713	(7)
General Theory of Relativity	720	(15)
Principle of Equivalence	720	(2)
Bending of Light by Gravity	722	(2)
Gravity and Time: Gravitational Red Shift	724	(3)
Gravity and Space: Motion of Mercury	727	(1)
Gravity, Space, and a New Geometry	727	(3)
Gravitational Waves	730	(1)
Newtonian and Einsteinian Gravitation	730	(5)
Epilogue	735	(2)
Appendix A: Systems of Measurement	737	(4)
United States Customary System	737	(1)
Systeme International	737	(3)
Meter	738	(1)
Kilogram	739	(1)
Second	739	(1)
Newton	739	(1)
Joule	739	(1)
Ampere	739	(1)
Kelvin	740	(1)
Area	740	(1)
Volume	740	(1)
Scientific Notation	740	(1)
Appendix B: More About Motion	741	(4)
Computing Velocity and Distance Traveled on an Inclined Plane	741	(2)
Computing Distance When Acceleration Is Constant	743	(2)
Appendix C: Graphing	745	(4)
Graphs: A Way to Express Quantitative Relationships	745	(1)
Cartesian Graphs	745	(2)
Slope and Area Under the Curve	747	(1)
Graphing with Conceptual Physics	747	(2)
Appendix D: More About Vectors	749	(6)
Vectors and Scalars	749	(1)
Adding Vectors	749	(1)
Finding Components of Vectors	750	(2)
Sailboats	752	(3)
Appendix E: Exponential Growth and Doubling Time	755	(6)
Glossary	761	(17)
Photo Credits	778	(3)
Index	781