Condensation and Coherence in Condensed Matter

by Claeson, T.; Delsing, P.

• ISBN13: 9789812383143
• ISBN10: 981238314X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-05-01
• Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Inc

Summary

In 2001, the Nobel Foundation celebrated the 100th anniversary of the first Nobel Prize, and all previous Nobel laureates were invited to attend the Nobel ceremonies in Stockholm. This gave an excellent opportunity for arranging jubilee symposia with topics that would attract several of the laureates. The chosen subject of "Condensation and Coherence in Condensed Systems" attracted sixteen Nobel laureates and another thirty-five leading scientists.The idea was to bring scientists together from several related subdisciplines: atomic physics, quantum optics, and condensed matter physics, for cross-breeding of ideas, concepts, and experience. Subjects like phase transitions in strongly coupled systems, BoseEinstein condensation in weakly coupled systems, macroscopic quantum phenomena, coherence in mesoscopic structures, and quantum information were intensively discussed from different points of view. Coherence phenomena in condensed systems were emphasized. A special session was devoted to theemerging field of quantum computing, with experimental and theoretical results reported for different types of qu-bits. The 2001 Nobel Prize awarded to Eric Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, and Carl Wieman, "for the achievement of BoseEinstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates, " gave an extra flavor to the theme of the Centennial Symposium.

Table of Contents

Introduction	5	(2)
Quantum Coherence Between States with Even and Odd Numbers of Electrons	7	(3)
A. F. Andreev
Superconductivity in High Tc Cuprates: The Cause is No Longer a Mystery	10	(3)
Philip W. Anderson
Nanoelectromechanics of Coulomb Blockade Nanostructures	13	(9)
R. I. Shekhter
L. Y. Gorelik
A. Isacsson
Y. M. Galperin
M. Jonson
Electron Spin in Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes	22	(8)
P. E. Lindelof
J. Borggreen
A. Jensen
J. Nygard
P. R. Poulsen
The Critical Regime of the Metal-Insulator Transition in Conducting Polymers: Experimental Studies	30	(6)
Alan J. Heeger
Superfluidity and Coherence in Bose-Einstein Condensates	36	(3)
Wolfgang Ketterle
Jahn-Teller Bipolarons and their Condensation	39	(1)
K. A. Muller
Materials and Physics of High Temperature Superconductors: A Summary, Two Recent Experiments and a Comment	40	(11)
C. W. Chu
Consequences of Unconventional Order Parameter Symmetry-High Critical Temperature Structures	51	(8)
A. Barone
J. R. Kirtley
F. Tafuri
C. C. Tsuei
Magneto Oscillations in Unconventional Superconductors well below Hc2	59	(3)
J. R. Schrieffer
Quantum Complementarity for the Superconducting Condensate and the Resulting Electrodynamic Duality	62	(7)
D. B. Haviland
M. Watanabe
P. Agren
K. Andersson
Probing Quantum Mechanics Towards the Everyday World: Where do we Stand? A	69	(5)
J. Leggett
Ultracold Dipolar Gases - a Challenge for Experiments and Theory	74	(8)
M. Baranov
L. Dobrek
K. Goral
L. Santos
M. Lewenstein
A Preliminary Measurement of the Fine Structure Constant Based on Atom Interferometry	82	(7)
Andreas Wicht
Joel M. Hensley
Edina Sarajlic
Steven Chu
The Question of Phase in a Bose-Einstein Condensate	89	(6)
S. Stenholm
Observation of Qubit State with a dc-SQUID and Dissipation Effect in the SQUID	95	(8)
Hideaki Takayanagi
Hirotaka Tanaka
Shiro Saito
Hayato Nakano
Enhancement of Magnetic Ordering by the Stress Fields of Grain Boundaries in Ferromagnets	103	(4)
A. Kadigrobov
Z. Ivanov
R. I. Shekhter
M. Jonson
Experiments with d-wave Superconductors	107	(4)
J. Mannhart
H. Hilgenkamp
G. Hammerl
C. W. Schneider
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Metastable Helium	111	(1)
C. Cohen-Tannoudji
DC Transformer and DC Josephson (-like) Effects in Quantum Hall Bilayers	112	(6)
S. M. Girvin
Impurity-Helium Solids - Quantum Gels? V	118	(10)
V. Khmelenko
S. I. Kiselev
D. M. Lee
C. Y. Lee
Quantum Information with Atoms and Photons in a Cavity: Entanglement, Complementarity and Decoherence Studies	128	(5)
S. Haroche
A Theory of the Relative Phase and Number Difference of Two Quantized Harmonic Oscillators	133	(14)
Gunnar Bjork
Jonas Soderholm
Alexei Trifonov
Tedros Tsegaye
Noise and Decoherence in Quantum Two-Level Systems	147	(8)
Alexander Shnirman
Yuriy Makhlin
Gerd Schon
Coherent Manipulations of Charge-Number States in a Cooper-Pair Box	155	(7)
Y. Nakamura
Yu. A. Pashkin
T. Yamamoto
J. S. Tsai
Ramsey Fringe Measurement of Decoherence in a Novel Superconducting Quantum Bit Based on the Cooper Pair Box	162	(5)
D. Vion
A. Aassime
A. Cottet
P. Joyez
H. Pothier
C. Urbina
D. Esteve
M. H. Devoret
Reading Out Charge Qubits with a Radio-Frequency Single-Electron-Transistor	167	(6)
K. Bladh
D. Gunnarsson
G. Johansson
A. Kack
G. Wendin
A. Aassime
M. Taslakov
P. Delsing
Quiet Readout of Superconducting Flux States	173	(5)
John Clarke
T. L. Robertson
B. L. T. Plourde
A. Garcia-Martinez
P. A. Reichardt
D. J. Van Harlingen
B. Chesca
R. Kleiner
Y. Makhlin
G. Schon
A. Shnirman
F. K. Wilhelm
Initial Experiments Concerning Quantum Information Processing in Rare-Earth-Ion Doped Crystals	178
M. Nilsson
L. Rippe
N. Ohlsson
T. Christiansson
S. Kroll