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Purchase Benefits
What is included with this book?
List of Boxes and Figures | p. viii |
Acknowledgements | p. ix |
Abbreviations and Acronyms | p. x |
Introduction | p. xiii |
Research Insights | p. xiv |
Structure of the Book | p. xiv |
Collecting - Prospecting - Piracy | p. 1 |
Plant Hunting, Collecting and Trade | p. 3 |
Ethnobotany | p. 6 |
Intended or Unintended Impact? | p. 7 |
Bioprospecting | p. 11 |
Biopiracy | p. 14 |
Definitions and Ambiguity | p. 17 |
International Legal Backdrop | p. 23 |
The Convention on Biological Diversity | p. 26 |
The WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights | p. 28 |
Patents, Plant-Variety Protection or Sui Generis Systems | p. 29 |
The Expanded Review of Article 27.3(b) | p. 30 |
The World Intellectual Property Organization | p. 31 |
The Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore | p. 33 |
The International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants | p. 34 |
The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture | p. 35 |
Human Rights and Traditional Knowledge | p. 39 |
Bilateral and Regional Trends | p. 40 |
Following Current Developments - Research Sources | p. 42 |
Patent-Related Biopiracy Cases | p. 45 |
Basmati Rice | p. 47 |
Hawai'ian Taro | p. 49 |
Yellow Enola Beans | p. 51 |
Camu Camu Patents | p. 53 |
Kwao Krua | p. 55 |
Local Patents on Kwao Krua | p. 55 |
Foreign Patents on Kwao Krua | p. 57 |
Artemisia judaica | p. 59 |
Hoodia | p. 61 |
Japanese Patents on Plao Noi | p. 63 |
Blight-Resistant Rice | p. 66 |
Peruvian Maca | p. 67 |
Ayahuasca | p. 68 |
Other Reported Biopiracy Cases and Controversies | p. 70 |
Are More Cases Likely? | p. 73 |
Non-Patent Biopiracy Cases | p. 77 |
Plant-Variety Protection as Biopiracy | p. 78 |
'Plant-Breeders' Wrongs' in Australia | p. 79 |
Peanuts from Malawi | p. 81 |
Habanero Pepper | p. 82 |
Other Cases of Dubious Plant-Breeder Rights | p. 84 |
Trademarks as Biopiracy? | p. 85 |
The 'Jasmati' Trademark | p. 87 |
Rooibos Tea | p. 89 |
Açaí and Other Brazilian Cases | p. 91 |
Misappropriations of Biological Resources and Traditional Knowledge | p. 92 |
The Biotec/University of Portsmouth Marine Fungi Case | p. 93 |
Stepwise Program for the Improvement of Jasmine Rice for the US | p. 95 |
The Blurry Line between Bioprospecting and Misappropriation - An Example from Chiang Mai | p. 97 |
Implications and Ethical Dilemmas - What have the Cases Shown? | p. 101 |
Exclusion from Further Sale or Export | p. 102 |
Inequities | p. 105 |
Cultural Affront | p. 108 |
Overexploitation of a Biological Resource | p. 112 |
Breakdown of Research Relationships and Trust | p. 114 |
Current Debates and Ways Forward: Internationally and Regionally | p. 117 |
'No Life Patents!' | p. 118 |
Amendments to the Patent System | p. 119 |
Controlling Access and Transfer of Biological Resources and/or Traditional Knowledge | p. 124 |
Other Intellectual Property Opportunities | p. 127 |
Indigenous Rights and Traditional Knowledge | p. 129 |
Traditional Knowledge, Customary Protocols and Laws | p. 130 |
Summary - International Governance | p. 133 |
Regional Initiatives on Biological Resources and Traditional Knowledge | p. 134 |
ASEAN Framework Agreement on Access and Benefit-sharing | p. 134 |
African Model Law | p. 135 |
Regional Biodiversity Strategy for the Tropical Andean Countries | p. 138 |
Pacific Model Laws | p. 139 |
Current Debates and Ways Forward: National and Local Approaches | p. 141 |
Peru's National Anti-Biopiracy Commission | p. 142 |
Biodiversity Laws and Regulations | p. 143 |
Non-UPOV Sui Generis Plant-Variety Protection Laws | p. 144 |
Sui Generis Traditional Knowledge and Community Rights Laws | p. 149 |
Databases and Registers | p. 151 |
Traditional Knowledge and Customary Laws: Local Contexts | p. 153 |
The Role of Non-Government Interest Groups and Stakeholders | p. 154 |
Conclusions | p. 157 |
Bibliography and Sources | p. 161 |
Index | p. 179 |
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