Constitutional Law for a Changing America : Institutional Powers and Constraints

by Epstein, Lee; Walker, Thomas G.

• ISBN13: 9781568025438
• ISBN10: 1568025432
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-03-01
• Publisher: Cq Pr

Summary

Should a president be immune from civil lawsuits? Can the federal government force local governments to enforce the Brady bill gun control law? This text analyzes the institutional authority of government as it is interpreted in important Court decisions, including nation-state relations and economic liberties.

Author Biography

Lee Epstein is the Edward Mallinckrodt Distinguished University Professor of Political Science and Professor of Law at Washington University Thomas G. Walker is professor and chair of the Department of Political Science at Emory University, where he teaches constitutional law and the judicial process

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
I THE U.S. CONSTITUTION
An Introduction to the U.S. Constitution	3	(1)
The Road to the U.S. Constitution	3	(4)
Underlying Principles of the Constitution	7	(4)
Readings	11	(2)
Understanding the U.S. Supreme Court	13	(48)
Processing Supreme Court Cases	13	(11)
Supreme Court Decisionmaking: Legally Relevant Approaches	24	(11)
Supreme Court Decisionmaking: Extralegal Approaches	35	(12)
Conducting Research on the Supreme Court	47	(2)
Readings	49	(6)
II INSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY
Structuring the Federal System	55	(1)
Origins of the Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances System	55	(2)
Separation of Powers and the Constitution	57	(1)
Contemporary Thinking on the Constitutional Scheme: Separation of Powers Games	58	(2)
Readings	60	(1)
The Judiciary	61	(60)
Establishment of the Federal Judiciary	62	(4)
Judicial Review	66	(1)
Marbury v. Madison (1803)	66	(12)
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee (1816)	78	(9)
Eakin v. Raub (1825)	87	(4)
Constraints on Judicial Power: Article III	91	(1)
Ex parte McCardle (1869)	92	(7)
Baker v. Carr (1962)	99	(6)
Nixon v. United States (1993)	105	(5)
Flast v. Cohen (1968)	110	(7)
Constraints on Judicial Power: The Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances System	117	(2)
Readings	119	(2)
The Legislature	121	(64)
Article I: Historical Overview	121	(4)
Congressional Authority over Internal Affairs: Institutional Independence and Integrity	125	(3)
Powell v. McCormack (1969)	128	(6)
U.S. Term Limits v. Thornton (1995)	134	(8)
Gravel v. United States (1972)	142	(5)
Sources and Scope of Legislative Powers	147	(2)
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)	149	(8)
McGrain v. Daugherty (1927)	157	(4)
Watkins v. United States (1957)	161	(5)
Barenblatt v. United States (1959)	166	(8)
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. (1936)	174	(5)
South Carolina v. Katzenbach (1966)	179	(4)
Readings	183	(2)
The Executive	185	(67)
Article II: Basic Considerations	185	(9)
The Faithful Execution of the Laws: Defining the Contours of Presidential Power	194	(1)
In re Neagle (1890)	194	(6)
Domestic Powers of the President	200	(1)
Clinton v. City of New York (1998)	201	(5)
Morrison v. Olson (1988)	206	(10)
Myers v. United States (1926)	216	(4)
Humphrey's Executor v. United States (1935)	220	(4)
United States v. Nixon (1974)	224	(5)
Mississippi v. Johnson (1867)	229	(3)
Nixon v. Fitzgerald (1982)	232	(5)
Clinton v. Jones (1997)	237	(6)
Ex parte Grossman (1925)	243	(3)
Murphy v. Ford (1975)	246	(2)
The President and Foreign Policy	248	(1)
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. (1936)	248	(3)
Readings	251	(1)
The Separation of Powers System in Action	252	(53)
Domestic Powers	252	(5)
Mistretta v. United States (1989)	257	(5)
Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha (1983)	262	(4)
Bowsher v. Synar (1986)	266	(5)
Presidential Power During War and National Emergencies	271	(1)
The Prize Cases (1863)	272	(3)
Ex parte Milligan (1866)	275	(8)
Korematsu v. United States (1944)	283	(5)
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company v. Sawyer (1952)	288	(5)
Dames & Moore v. Regan (1981)	293	(3)
Readings	296	(3)
III NATION-STATE RELATIONS
Allocating Government Power	299	(1)
The Framers and Federalism	300	(1)
The Tenth and Eleventh Amendments	301	(2)
Readings	303	(2)
Federalism	305	(80)
Nation-State Relations: The Doctrinal Cycle	305	(2)
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)	307	(6)
Scott v. Sandford (1857)	313	(8)
Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)	321	(4)
United States v. Darby Lumber (1941)	325	(2)
National League of Cities v. Usery (1976)	327	(6)
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority (1985)	333	(6)
New York v. United States (1992)	339	(5)
Printz v. United States (1997)	344	(6)
The Eleventh Amendment	350	(2)
Alden v. Maine (1999)	352	(7)
New Judicial Federalism	359	(2)
Michigan v. Long (1983)	361	(8)
National Preemption of State Laws	369	(1)
State of Missouri v. Holland (1920)	369	(2)
Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council (2000)	371	(5)
Pennsylvania v. Nelson (1956)	376	(3)
Pacific Gas and Electric Company v. State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission (1983)	379	(4)
Readings	383	(2)
The Commerce Power	385	(77)
Constitutional Foundations of the Commerce Power	385	(2)
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)	387	(4)
Defining Interstate Commerce	391	(2)
United States v. E. C. Knight Co. (1895)	393	(4)
Stafford v. Wallace (1922)	397	(2)
The Supreme Court and the New Deal	399	(3)
A. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (1935)	402	(6)
Carter v. Carter Coal Company (1936)	408	(8)
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation (1937)	416	(7)
Wickard v. Filburn (1942)	423	(2)
Modern Limitations on the Commerce Power	425	(1)
United States v. Lopez (1995)	426	(5)
United States v. Morrison (2000)	431	(5)
Regulating Commerce as a Federal Police Power	436	(2)
Champion v. Ames (1903)	438	(4)
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964)	442	(2)
The Commerce Power of the States	444	(2)
Cooley v. Board of Wardens (1852)	446	(4)
Southern Pacific Company v. Arizona (1945)	450	(4)
Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission (1977)	454	(3)
Maine v. Taylor (1986)	457	(3)
Readings	460	(2)
The Power to Tax and Spend	462	(59)
The Constitutional Power to Tax and Spend	462	(1)
Direct Taxes and the Power to Tax Income	463	(3)
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. (1895)	466	(6)
Taxation of Exports	472	(1)
United States v. United States Shoe Corporation (1998)	472	(2)
Intergovernmental Tax Immunity	474	(2)
South Carolina v. Baker (1988)	476	(2)
Davis v. Michigan Department of Treasury (1989)	478	(3)
Taxation as a Regulatory Power	481	(1)
McCray v. United States (1904)	482	(3)
Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. (1922)	485	(3)
Taxing and Spending for the General Welfare	488	(1)
United States v. Butler (1936)	489	(5)
Steward Machine Co. v. Davis (1937)	494	(4)
South Dakota v. Dole (1987)	498	(3)
Restrictions on the Revenue Powers of the States	501	(1)
Michelin Tire Corp. v. Wages (1976)	502	(3)
Complete Auto Transit v. Brady (1977)	505	(2)
Quill Corp. v. North Dakota (1992)	507	(4)
Oregon Waste System v. Department of Environmental Quality of the State of Oregon (1994)	511	(3)
Readings	514	(3)
IV ECONOMIC LIBERTIES
Economic Liberties and Individual Rights	517	(2)
Readings	519	(2)
The Contract Clause	521	(33)
The Farmers and the Contract Clause	521	(2)
John Marshall and the Contract Clause	523	(1)
Fletcher v. Peck (1810)	523	(5)
Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)	528	(5)
Decline of the Contract Clause: From the Taney Court to the New Deal	533	(1)
Proprietors of Charles River Bridge v. Proprietors of Warren Bridge (1837)	534	(5)
Stone v. Mississippi (1880)	539	(3)
Home Building and Loan Association v. Blaisdell (1934)	542	(4)
Revitalization of the Contract Clause	546	(1)
United States Trust Co. v. New Jersey (1977)	546	(4)
Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus (1978)	550	(3)
Readings	553	(1)
Economic Substantive Due Process	554	(46)
The Development of Substantive Due Process	557	(1)
The Slaughterhouse Cases (1873)	557	(7)
Munn v. Illinois (1877)	564	(6)
Allgeyer v. Louisiana (1897)	570	(2)
The Roller Coaster Ride of Substantive Due Process: 1898-1923	572	(1)
Lochner v. New York (1905)	573	(6)
Muller v. Oregon (1908)	579	(6)
The Heyday of Substantive Due Process: 1923-1936	585	(1)
Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923)	585	(3)
The Depression, the New Deal, and the Decline of Substantive Due Process	588	(1)
Nebbia v. New York (1934)	588	(5)
West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1937)	593	(4)
Williamson v. Lee Optical Company (1955)	597	(2)
Readings	599	(1)
The Takings Clause	600	(74)
Protecting Private Property from Government Seizure	600	(3)
What Constitutes a Taking?	603	(1)
United States v. Causby (1946)	603	(3)
Penn Central Transportation Company v. City of New York (1978)	606	(4)
Public Use Requirement	610	(1)
Berman v. Parker (1954)	611	(2)
Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff (1984)	613	(3)
Resurrecting the Takings Clause	616	(2)
Nollan v. California Coastal Commission (1987)	618	(3)
Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council (1992)	621	(4)
Dolan v. City of Tigard (1994)	625	(5)
Readings	630	(3)
REFERENCE MATERIAL
Constitution of the United States	633	(10)
Federalist Paper, No. 78	643	(4)
Bush v. Gore (2000)	647	(8)
U.S. Presidents	655	(2)
Thumbnail Sketch of the Supreme Court's History	657	(2)
The Justices	659	(6)
Natural Courts	665	(6)
Supreme Court Calendar	671	(1)
Briefing Supreme Court Cases	672	(2)
Glossary	674	(5)
Subject Index	679	(14)
Case Index	693	(6)
Illustration Credits	699