Constructed Wetlands in the Sustainable Landscape

by Campbell, Craig S.; Ogden, Michael

• ISBN13: 9780471107200
• ISBN10: 0471107204
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-05-06
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

LandscapeConstructed wetlands are gaining worldwide acceptance as effective, low-cost, and low-impact alternatives to unsightly, high-impact wastewater treatment facilities. The creative involvement of today's planners, landscape architects, developers, environmental engineers, and public officials is helping to maximize the potential of these wetland habitats-from their aesthetics to their multiple uses as water treatment plants, wildlife refuges, and recreational or educational facilities. Yet, to date, the literature has paid no attention to these aspects, focusing instead on the technical side of wetlands construction and function.Constructed Wetlands in the Sustainable Landscape is the first book to integrate aesthetic design and planning issues with the technical aspects of wetlands engineering. Renowned landscape architect Craig S. Campbell and engineer Michael H. Ogden clearly demonstrate how the successful development and management of multifunctional, sustainable wetland habitats depend on harnessing the knowledge and working principles of a number of disciplines. Richly illustrated with real-world case studies, the book: Covers the concept of sustainable development and the nature of wetland processes. Discusses designs for new and existing municipal and small community wastewater treatment facilities. Contains examples of on-site planning for, and management of, stormwater renovation, single-family residential systems, and multiple-use systems. Examines landscape engineering and planning for ponds, urban wildlife, and ecological art.Clearly written and accessible to nonengineers and nonscientists, Constructed Wetlands in the Sustainable Landscape is a crucial guide for landscape architects, environmental engineers, planners, developers, and others responsible for the design and management of our built environment.

Author Biography

CRAIG S. CAMPBELL, FASLA, is a landscape architect and owner of Craig Campbell Studio, Inc. in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and the author of Water in Landscape Architecture. MICHAEL H. OGDEN, PE, is President of Southwest Wetlands Group in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The authors, both respected authorities on constructed wetlands, have conducted numerous seminars on the subject for landscape architects and planners.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
The Concept of Sustainable Development	1	(16)
Craig Campbell
Constructed Wetlands as Sustainable Design	1	(3)
Landscape Ecology	4	(1)
The Sustainable Landscape Movement	4	(3)
Biosphere 2	7	(2)
The Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems	9	(4)
Constructed Wetlands and Permaculture	13	(1)
Bioremediation and Phytoremediation	14	(2)
Public Attitudes and Sustainability	16	(1)
The Nature of Wetland Processes	17	(24)
Craig Campbell
The Nature of Wetlands	18	(1)
Functions and Values of Wetlands	18	(3)
Aquatic Plants and Wastewater Renovation	21	(10)
Planting Techniques	31	(1)
History of Constructed Wetlands	31	(9)
Current Status of Constructed Wetlands	40	(1)
Constructed Wetlands and Wastewater Treatment Design	41	(51)
Michael Ogden
Wastewater Treatment Goals: A Brief Look at Current Conventional Approaches and the Alternatives Offered by Constructed Wetlands	41	(6)
Capabilities and Limitations of Constructed Wetlands	47	(3)
The Planning Process	50	(4)
Designing for New Facilities	54	(17)
Designing for Existing Facilities	71	(1)
Designing for Industrial, Mining, and Agricultural Applications	72	(1)
Designing for Stormwater Runoff and Combined Sewer Overflows	73	(3)
The Economics of Constructed Wetlands	76	(11)
The Regulatory Process	87	(5)
Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Constructed Wetlands	92	(31)
Michael Ogden
Design Principles	92	(9)
Subsurface Flow Wetlands	101	(3)
Surface Flow Wetlands	104	(1)
The Construction Process	105	(13)
Operation and Maintenance Considerations	118	(5)
Stormwater Renovation with Constructed Wetlands	123	(30)
Craig Campbell
On-site Stormwater Management	123	(3)
Keystone and Copper Mountain Resorts, Colorado	126	(2)
Stormwater Management in Florida and Maryland	128	(2)
Watersheds as Planning Units	130	(1)
Washington State Stormwater Guidelines	131	(2)
King County Metro	133	(2)
Sediment Input	135	(1)
Infiltration	135	(1)
Water Harvesting	136	(2)
Village Homes	138	(1)
Other Examples of On-site Stormwater Management	139	(2)
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments and Thomas Schueler: Prototype Stormwater Wetland Designs	141	(3)
Some Functional Differences in Stormwater and Wastewater Wetlands	144	(1)
Pollutant Removal Rates for Stormwater Wetlands	145	(1)
Examples of Integrated Stormwater Wetland Systems	146	(7)
Single-Family Residential Systems	153	(16)
Craig Campbell
The Case for On-site Treatment	154	(1)
Septic Tanks---The First Step	155	(2)
Constructed Wetlands for the Residential Property	157	(6)
Plants	163	(1)
Lusk Residence, New Mexico	164	(2)
Fullerton Residence, New Mexico	166	(3)
The Pond	169	(21)
Craig Campbell
The Problem of Algae and Pond Clarity	172	(1)
Gas and Nutrient Cycling in Ponds	173	(1)
Pond Water pH	174	(1)
Design of Constructed Ponds	175	(8)
Recirculation Pumps	183	(1)
Fish in Ponds	183	(2)
Pond Maintenance	185	(1)
Visibility, Accessibility, Liability	186	(4)
Wildlife Considerations and Management	190	(15)
Craig Campbell
Urban Wildlife	190	(3)
Ecologially Based Planning and Wildlife	193	(2)
Urban Wetlands	195	(2)
The Importance of Interpretive Signage	197	(3)
Designing for Wildlife	200	(5)
Art, Engineering, and the Landscape	205	(32)
Craig Campbell
Art and the Environment	206	(1)
Nature, Art, and Constructed Wetlands	207	(1)
Flowforms and Water Quality	208	(3)
Ecological Art	211	(2)
Water Issues and Public Perception	213	(18)
Wildlife and Art	231	(3)
The Nature of the Collaborative Effort	234	(3)
Examples of Multiple-Use Constructed Wetlands	237	(21)
Craig Campbell
Stapleton Airport Redevelopment Plan	240	(1)
Arcata, Wastewater Marsh Project	241	(1)
Columbia, Wetlands Wastewater Treatment Project	242	(1)
Orlando Easterly Wetlands Reclamation and Park	243	(3)
Sacramento County Demonstration Wetlands	246	(1)
Show Low, Wetlands	246	(1)
El Malpais National Monument: Multiagency Welcome Center	247	(2)
Los Padillas Elementary School	249	(3)
Binford Lake/Butler Creek Greenway	252	(1)
Jackson Bottom Resource Management Master Plan	252	(1)
Mt. View Sanitary District Wetlands	252	(3)
Mitchell Lake Wetlands and Chavaneaux Gardeus: San Antonio Water System	255	(1)
Beaumont Constructed Wetland	255	(2)
In Summary	257	(1)
Appendix	258	(1)
References	259	(6)
Index	265