Industrial ecology provides a sound means of systematising the various ideas which come under the banner of sustainable construction and provides a model for the design, operation and ultimate disposal of buildings.

List of figures

ix

List of tables

xiii

List of boxes

xiv

List of contributors

xv

Preface

xx

Foreword

xxiii

Introduction

1

(1)

Charles J. Kibert

Current state of green building

2

(2)

Organization

4

(2)

Summary and conclusions

6

(1)

Defining an ecology of construction

7

(22)

Charles J. Kibert

Jan Sendzimir

G. Bradley Guy

Introduction

7

(1)

Construction industry compared with other industrial sectors

8

(6)

Materials and sustainability

14

(2)

Lessons from natural systems

16

(3)

Industrial ecology and metabolism

19

(2)

Ecologically sustainable architecture and construction

21

(3)

Defining construction ecology and metabolism

24

(2)

Summary and conclusions

26

(3)

PART 1 The ecologists

29

(122)

Material circulation, energy hierarchy, and building construction

37

(35)

Howard T. Odum

The energy hierarchy

37

(3)

Materials and the energy hierarchy

40

(1)

Material budgets

40

(2)

Inverse relation of material flux and emergy per mass

42

(4)

Material valuation

46

(1)

Emergy and economic geology of ores

47

(6)

Metabolism and the structural unit

53

(2)

Life cycle minimodel

55

(3)

Structural stages and succession

58

(2)

Ecological engineering insight

60

(1)

Maximum empower principle

60

(3)

Global materials and construction

63

(2)

Summary

65

(7)

On complexity theory, exergy, and industrial ecology

72

(36)

James J. Kay

Introduction

72

(2)

Ecosystems, sustainability, and complexity

74

(8)

Industrial ecology: the design of ecological-economic systems

82

(14)

Construction ecology

96

(7)

Acknowledgements

103

(5)

Applying the principles of ecological emergence to building design and construction

108

(19)

Timothy F.H. Allen

Thermodynamics in biological and human organization

109

(6)

History, accidents, and positive feedbacks

115

(3)

Applying biological thermodynamics to buildings

118

(2)

The design and energetics of the building

120

(3)

Energy in the building cycle

123

(1)

Conclusion

124

(3)

Using ecological dynamics to move toward an adaptive architecture

127

(24)

Garry Peterson

Ecological dynamics

128

(9)

Managing ecosystems

137

(2)

Moving toward construction ecology

139

(6)

Scale

145

(2)

Managing disturbance

147

(2)

Conclusion and summary

149

(2)

PART 2 The industrial ecologists

151

(76)

Minimizing waste emissions from the built environment

159

(18)

Robert U. Ayres

Background

159

(9)

Household energy services

168

(6)

Summary

174

(3)

Industrial ecology and the built environment

177

(19)

Iddo K. Wernick

Introduction

177

(2)

Material flows

179

(7)

The land resource

186

(3)

The ecological analogy

189

(2)

Conclusion

191

(2)

Acknowledgments

193

(3)

Construction ecology and metabolism

196

(24)

Stefan Bringezu

Requirements for construction ecology

196

(2)

Strategies and goals for sustaining the metabolism of economies

198

(2)

Construction material flows in Germany

200

(3)

MIPS and the method of material intensity analysis

203

(2)

Design of construction products and buildings

205

(2)

Materials management

207

(1)

Planning of infrastructure

208

(4)

Product, facility, and building management

212

(3)

Conclusions

215

(5)

Construction ecology

220

(7)

Fritz Balkau

Introduction

220

(1)

The concept of industrial ecology

220

(1)

Implementing industrial ecology models

221

(3)

Construction ecology

224

(1)

Conclusion

225

(2)

PART 3 The architects

227

(57)

Ecologic analogues and architecture

231

(17)

Sim Van Der Ryn

Rob Pena

Place: form follows flow

233

(4)

People: every voice matters

237

(4)

Pulse: metabolism and flow

241

(3)

Conclusion: breaking through the barriers

244

(4)

Natural metabolism as the basis for ``intelligent'' architecture

248

(21)

Jurgen Bisch

The rise of science and industry

249

(1)

Mechanization and society

249

(1)

Applying natural metabolism to architecture in Europe

250

(1)

Metabolism - streamlining the design

251

(3)

Applying simple physics to activate the function of ceilings

254

(3)

Design using the efficiencies of past and future centuries

257

(2)

Controlled ventilation

259

(1)

Energy input reduction

260

(1)

Selecting materials

261

(1)

Summary of approach

262

(3)

Lessons learned

265

(1)

Limits and changes - an outlook

265

(1)

Conclusions

266

(3)

Green architecture

269

(15)

Malcolm Wells

How to build an underground building

278

(5)

Construction costs

283

(1)

The next step

283

(1)

Conclusions

284

(7)

Charles J. Kibert

Recommendations and agreements

285

(2)

Critical issues requiring further investigation

287

(1)

Additional observations

288

(1)

Closure

289

(2)

Glossary

291

(6)

Index

297

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