Contemporary Issues in Bioethics (with InfoTrac)

by Beauchamp, Tom L.; Walters, LeRoy

• ISBN13: 9780534584412
• ISBN10: 0534584411
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-08-08
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This anthology represents all of the most important points of view on the most pressing topics in bioethics. Containing current essays and actual medical and legal cases written by outstanding scholars from around the globe, this book provides readers with diverse range of standpoints, including those of medical researchers and practitioners, legal exerts, and philosophers.

Table of Contents

Part I: INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS

1.Ethical Theory and Bioethics

Fundamental Problems

The Study of Morality

Moral Dilemmas and Disagreements

The Problem of Relativism

Moral Justification

Types of Ethical Theory

Utilitarian Theories

Kantian Theories

Contemporary Challenges to Traditional Theories

Virtue Ethics

The Ethics of Care

Casuistry

Ethical Principles

Respect for Autonomy

Beneficence

Justice

Law and Policy

Ethics and Public Affairs

Morality and Law

Legal and Moral Rights

Law, Authority, And Autonomy

Part II: JUSTICE AND AUTONOMY IN HEALTH CARE

2. Justice in Access to Health Care

Introdcution

Just Health Care and the Right to Health Care

Norman Daniels, "Is There a Right to Health Care and, if so, What Does it Encompass?" Robert M

Veatch, "Justice, the Basic Social Contract, and Health Care

Allen E

Buchanan, "The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care

H

Tristam Engelhardt, Jr

"Rights to Health Care

Managed Care and Access to Care

Lawrence O

Gostin, "Securing Health or Just Health Care?: The Effect of the Health Care System

Madison Powers, "Managed Care: How Economic Incentive Reforms Went Wrong

Allen Buchanan, "Managed Care: Rationing without Justice, But Not Unjustly

Rationing

Peter A

Ubel and Susan Dorr Goold, "'Rationing' Health Care: Not All Definitions are Created Equal

Norman Daniels, "Rationing Fairly: Programmatic Considerations

Leonard Fleck, "Just Caring: Oregon, Health Care Rationing, and Informed Democratic Deliberation

3. Autonomy Rights and Medical Information

Introduction

The Confidentiality of Medical Information

Mark Siegler, "Confidentiality in Medicine - A Decrepit Concept

California Supreme Court, Tarasoff v

Regents of the University of California

Morton E

Winston, "AIDS, Confidentiality, and the Right to Know

Truth Telling and Disclosing Bad News

David C

Thomasma, "Telling the Truth to Patients: A Clinical Ethics Exploration

Garry S

Sigman, Jerome Kraut, and John La Puma, "Disclosure of a Diagnosis to Children and Adolescents When Parents Object

Informed Consent

United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit, Cantebury v

Spence

Jay Katz, "Physicians and Patients: A History of Silence

Ruth R

Faden and Tom L

Beauchamp, "The Concept of Informed Consent

Robert J

Levine, "Informed Consent: Some Challenges to the Universal Validity of the Western Model

Refusal of Treatment

California Court of Appeals, Second District, Bouvia v

Superior Court

United States Supreme Court, Cruzan v

Director, Missouri Department of Health

Advance Directives

Linda Emmanuel, Marion Danis, Robert A

Pearlman, and Peter A

Singer, "Advance Care Planning as a Process: Structuring the Discussions in Practice

Ben E

Rich, "Advance Directives: The Next Generation

Part III: LIFE AND DEATH

4. End-of-Life Decisionmaking

Introduction

The Right to Die

F

M

Kamm, "A Right to Choose Death?" Leon R

Kass, "Is There a Right to Die?" The Legal Background in the United States

The Oregon Death With Dignity Act

United States Supreme Court, Vacco v

Quil andWashington v

Glucksberg

The Supreme Court of California, Wendland v

Wendland

The Moral Foundations of Public Policy on Physician-Assisted Death

Henck Jochemsen and John Keown, "Voluntary Euthanasia under Control?: Further Empirical Evidence from the Netherlands

Johannes J

M

van Delden, "Slippery Slopes in Flat Countries: A Response

Palliation and Other Alternatives to Physician-Assisted Death

Bernard Gert, Charles M

Culver, and K

Danner Clouser, "An Alternative to Physician-Assisted Suicide

Timothy E

Quill, Bernard Lo, and Dan W

Brock, "Palliative Options of Last Resort

5. Abortion and Maternal-Fetal Relations

Introduction

The Problem Justifying Abortion

Don Marquis, "Why Abortion is Immoral

Judith Jarvis Thomson, "A Defense of Abortion

Baruch Brody, "The Morality of Abortion

Mary Anne Warren, "On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion

Legal Issues of Abortion

United States Supreme Court, Roe v

Wade

United States Supreme Court, Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v

Robert P

Casey, et al

etc

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit, Carhart v

Stenberg

Maternal-Fetal Relationships and Rights

United States Supreme Court, Automobile Workers v

Johnson Controls, Inc

District of Columbia Court of Appeals, In Re A

Alexander Capron, "Punishing Mothers

Kenneth A

DeVille and Loretta Kopelman, "Moral and Social Issues Regarding Pregnant Women Who Use and Abuse Drugs

Part IV: BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY

6. Research Involving Human and Animal Subjects

Introduction

Codes and Guidelines

"The Nuremberg Code" (1947)

World Medical Association, "Declaration of Helsinki" (2000) and "Note of Clarification" (2001)

Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, in Collaboration with the World Health Organization, "International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects" (2002)

Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, "International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals" (1985)

Ethical Issues in Human Research

National Bioethics Advisory Commission, "Protecting Research Participants - A Time for Change" (2001)

Ezekiel J

Emanuel and Franklin G

Miller, "The Ethics of Placebo-Controlled Trials - A Middle Ground" (2001)

Harold T

Shapiro and Eric M

Meslin, "Ethical Issues in the Design and Conduct of Clinical Trials in Developing Countries" (2001)

Solomon R

Benatar, "Justice and Medical Research: A Global Perspective" (2001)

Past Abuses of Human Research Subjects

Gregory E

Pence, "The Tuskegee Study" (1994)

William J

Clinton, "In Apology for the Study Done in Tuskegee" (1997)

Sheldon H

Harris, "Factories of Death" (1994)

Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, "Final Report" (1995)

Ethical Issues in Animal Research

David DeGrazia, "The Ethics of Animal Research: What Are the Prospects for Agreement?" (1999)

Baruch A

Brody, "Defending Animal Research: An International Perspective" (2001)

Andrew N

Rowan, "Formulation of Ethical Standards for the Use of Animals in Medical Research" (1993)

Richard Smith, "Animal Research: The Need for a Middle Ground" (2001)

Suggested Readings

7. Eugenics and Human Genetics

Introduction

Eugenics Programs in the Twentieth Century

Daniel J

Kevles, "Eugenics and Human Rights" (1999)

United States Supreme Court, Buck v

Bell (1927)

Stephen Jay Gould, "Carrie Buck's Daughter

Jonathan Glover, "Eugenics: Some Lessons from the Nazi Experience" (1998)

The Human Genome Project

Francis S

Collins and Victor A

McKusick, "Implications of the Human Genome Project for Medical Science" (2001)

James D

Wilson, "Genes and Politics

Allen Buchanan, et al

"From Chance to Choice: Genetics and Justice" (2000)

Svante Pääbo, "The Human Genome and Our View of Ourselves" (2001)

Genetic Testing and Screening

Patricia A

Roche and George J

Annas, "Protecting Genetic Privacy" (2001)

Michael M

Burgess, "Beyond Consent: Ethical and Social Issues in Genetic Testing" (2001)

Lainie Friedman Ross and Margaret R

Moon, "Ethical Issues in Genetic Testing of Children" (2000)

Human Gene Transfer Research

Ninkunj Somia and Inder Verma, "Gene Therapy: Trials and Tribulations" (edited) (2000)

Theodore Friedmann, "Principles for Human Gene Therapy Studies" (2000)

Julian Savulescu, "Harm, Ethics Committees and the Gene Therapy Death" (2001)

Genetic Enhancement

Jonathan Glover, "Questions about Some Uses of Genetic Engineering

Jon W

Gordon, "Genetic Enhancement in Humans" (1999)

Erik Parens, "The Goodness of Fragility: On the Prospect of Genetic Technologies Aimed at the Enhancement of Human Capabilities

Suggested Readings

8. Reproductive Technologies and Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research

Introduction

In Vitro Fertilization

John A

Robertson, "IVF, Infertility, and the Status of Embryos" (1994)

Susan Sherwin, "Feminist Ethics and In Vitro Fertilization" (1987)

ISLAT Working Group, "ART into Science: Regulation of Fertility Techniques" (1998)

Reproductive Cloning

Dan W

Brock, "Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of Ethical Issues Pro and Con" (1997)

Leon Kass, "The Wisdom of Repugnance" (1997)

National Bioethics Advisory Commission, "Cloning Human Beings" (1997)

Ranaan Gillon, "Human Reproductive Cloning: A Look at the Arguments Against It and a Rejection of Most of Them" (1999)

National Research Council, "Scientific and Medical Aspects of Human Reproductive Cloning" (2002)

Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research

National Bioethics Advisory Commission, "Ethical Issues in Human Stem Cell Research" (1999)

Glenn McGee and Arthur L

Caplan, "The Ethics and Politics of Small Sacrifices in Stem Cell Research" (1999)

Gilbert Meilaender, "The Point of a Ban: Or, How to Think about Stem Cell Research" (2001)

National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, "Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine" (2001)

National Research Council, "Using Nuclear Transplantation to Produce Embryonic Stem Cells" (2002)

Suggested Readings

Part V: PUBLIC HEALTH

The Global AIDS Epidemic and the Threat of Bioterrorism

Introduction

General Issues

Anthony S

Fauci, "The AIDS Epidemic: Considerations for the 21st Century" (1999)

United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS and World Health Organization, "AIDS Epidemic Update" (2001)

Peter R

Lamptey, "Reducing Heterosexual Transmissions of AIDS in Poor Countries" (2002)

Lawrence O

Gostin and David W

Webber, "HIV Infection and AIDS in the Public Health and Health Care Systems" (1998)

AIDS, Justice and Public Health

Gavin Yamey and William W

Rankin, "AIDS and Global Justice" (2002)

Donald Berwick, "We All Have AIDS" (2001)

Dorothy E

Logie and Solomon R

Benatar, "Africa in the 21st Century: Can Despair be Turned to Hope?" (1997)

The Duty to Warn and the Duty Not to Harm

Charles A

Erin and John Harris, "Is There an Ethics of Heterosexual AIDS?" (1993)

Rebecca Bennett, Heather Draper, and Lucy Frith, "Ignorance is Bliss?: HIV and Moral Duties and Legal Duties to Forewarn" (2000)

Andrea Carlson Gielen, et al

"Women Living with HIV: Disclosure, Violence and Social Support" (2000)

Testing and Screening Programs

Institute of Medicine, "Reducing the Odds: Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV in the United States" (1998)

Bernard Lo, Leslie Wolf, and Sohini Sengupta, "Ethical Issues in Early Detection of HIV Infection to Reduce Vertical Transmission" (2000)

Stephen F

Morin, "Early Detection of HIV: Assessing the Legislative Context" (2000)

AIDS Vaccine Trials

Dale Guenter, Jose Esparza, and Ruth Macklin, "Ethical Issues in International HIV Vaccine Trials" (2000)

Malegapuru William Makgoba, Nandipha Solomon, and Timothy John Paul Tucker, "The Search for an HIV Vaccine" (2002)

The Threat of Bioterrorism

Donald A

Henderson, "The Looming Threat of Bioterrorism" (1999)

Robert C

Spencer and Nigel F

Lightfoot, "Preparedness and Response to Bioterrorism" (2001)

Joseph Barbera, et al

"Large-Scale Quarantine Following Biological Terrorism in the United States: Scientific Examination, Logisitc and Legal Limits, and Possible Consequences" (2001)

Lawrence O

Gostin, "Law and Ethics in a Public Health Emergency" (2002)

George J

Annas, "Bioterrorism, Public Health, and Civil Liberties" (2002)

Recommended Readings