Contemporary Migration to South Africa A Regional Development Issue

by Segatti, Aurelia; Landau, Loren

• ISBN13: 9780821387672
• ISBN10: 0821387677
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-08-23
• Publisher: World Bank Publications

Summary

Building on global interest in migration development, the volume draws attention to one of the most important migration systems in sub-Saharan Africa. It reviews South Africa'¬"s approach to international migration in the post-apartheid period from a regional development perspective, highlighting key policy issues, debates, and consequences.The authors find at least three areas where migration is resulting in important development impacts. First, by offering options to those affected by conflict and crises in a region that has limited formal disaster management and social protection systems. Second, by mitigating shortcomings and distortions in regional labour markets. Third, by providing support to struggling rural economies and ever expanding urban areas in terms of livelihoods and social capital transfers. Chapter One consists of a study of the country'¬"s historical experience of migration and, in particular, analyses the changes in official attitudes throughout the twentieth century, indicating the roots of contemporary ideas and policy dilemmas. Chapters Two, Three, Four and Five complement this analysis of the South African State'¬"s capacity to reform and manage the South African migration situation by looking at often neglected dimensions: the first explores the question of skilled labour, a crucial question given the unbalanced structure of the South African labour market; the second examines the impact of migration on local government in South African cities and specifically implications for urban planning, service delivery, health, security, and political accountability; the third analyses the nature of undocumented migration to South Africa and the challenges it raises to both State and non-State actors; The book concludes with an examination of health as a critical issue when examining the relationship between migration and development in South Africa, in light of recent empirical data.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
Contributors	p. xvii
Acknowledgments	p. xix
Abbreviations	p. xxi
Overview	p. 1
Volume Overview	p. 1
Recommendations for Research and Policy Development	p. 5
Introduction: Migration to South Africa: Regional Challenges versus National Instruments and Interests	p. 9
South Africa in Southern Africa: The Other Migration Hub	p. 11
Migration and Recent Labor Market Transformation in South Africa	p. 17
The Institutional Framework: Regional Divergence and the Preference for Bilateralism	p. 22
A Regional Migration-Development Challenge?	p. 25
Organization of This Volume	p. 26
Notes	p. 27
References	p. 27
Reforming South African Immigration Policy in the Postapartheid Period (1990-2010)	p. 31
The Genesis of a Discriminatory Migration System (1910-91)	p. 34
The Emergence of a Democratic Reformist Movement (1991-2003)	p. 42
Overcoming Institutionalized and Reactionary Interests (1994-2008)	p. 49
The Resilience of Policing and Administrative Practices in the Post-1994 Era	p. 54
Conclusion: The Aftermath of the 2008 Events	p. 60
Notes	p. 61
References	p. 63
The Role of Skilled Labor	p. 67
The "Skills Problem"	p. 68
Where Do Skilled Southern Africans Emigrate?	p. 71
Current Government Policy on Skilled Labor Migration	p. 73
Conclusion: Is "South Africa First" a Good Policy for Southern Africa?	p. 75
Notes	p. 78
References	p. 78
Mobility and Municipalities: Local Authorities, Local Impacts, and the Challenges of Movement	p. 81
Local Management of Migration: Policy Frameworks and Effects	p. 82
Officials' Perspectives on Domestic and International Migration	p. 84
Consultation, Planning, and Budgeting for Mobility	p. 90
Intergovernmental Coordination on Planning and Service Delivery	p. 95
The Practice of Uncoordination: Security, Conflict, and Social Cohesion	p. 97
Conclusions	p. 99
Notes	p. 102
References	p. 103
Migration Control, Documentation, and State Transformation	p. 105
Postapartheid Reforms	p. 106
Immigration Control in the 2000s: Giving Up Although Succeeding	p. 109
Enforcement in Practice	p. 112
Conclusion	p. 116
Notes	p. 117
References	p. 118
Migration and Health in South Africa: Implications for Development	p. 121
Health, Migration, and Development: Protective Policy?	p. 123
Healthcare-Seeking and Migration: What Determines What?	p. 126
Do Regional Migrants Negatively Affect the Public Health System?	p. 128
Toward an Effective Policy Response	p. 130
Conclusion	p. 132
Notes	p. 133
References	p. 133
Immigration Legislation and Policy in South Africa and the Southern African Development Community, 1986-2010	p. 137
How Many Are They? Migration Data Collection Issues	p. 145
How Many Foreigners Live in South Africa?	p. 145
How Many Undocumented Immigrants Live in South Africa?	p. 146
Measuring Emigration	p. 149
References	p. 149
Migration Statistics for Southern Africa	p. 151
References	p. 159
Urbanization in Africa, 1950-2010
References	p. 165
Index	p. 167
Boxes
The Xenophobic Riots of 2008	p. 10
The Immigration Act of 2002 and the Immigration Amendment Act of 2004	p. 45
Successful Immigrants in South Africa	p. 76
Figures
Migrant Labor in South African Gold Mines, 1990-2006	p. 20
Nationality of Workers in South African Gold Mines, 2006	p. 21
Number of Documented Immigrants in South Africa, by Continent of Origin, 1984-2004	p. 40
Number of Permanent Immigration Permits Granted in and Declared Emigrants from South Africa, 1941-2009	p. 41
Annual Entries into South Africa Approved, 1984-2009	p. 157
Annual Work and Study Permits Issued by South Africa, 1984-2007	p. 157
Maps
Percentage of Recent Migrants in South Africa, by District, 2001	p. 18
Percentage of Internal Migrants in South Africa, by District, 2001	p. 18
Tables
Population and Migration Data on Africa, 1990-2010	p. 13
Population and Migration Data on Western Africa, 1990-2010	p. 13
Population and Migration Data on Eastern Africa, 1990-2010	p. 14
Population and Migration Data on Middle (Central) Africa, 1990-2010	p. 14
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