1. Historical Development of American Municipal Police.
Introduction.
The Concept of Police.
Historical Development of American Municipal Police—The Early Years.
Policing During the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries.
Contemporary Policing.
2. Police Organizations and Administration.
Organizational Structures.
Police Leadership.
Police Unions, Professionalism, and Accreditation.
3. Police Operations.
Basic Police Functions.
Investigations.
Styles of Policing.
Patrol Strength and Allocation.
Evaluation of Police Performance.
Police and the Media.
4. Police Recruitment and Selection.
The Importance of Recruitment and Selection.
Entry Level Recruitment and Selection.
Supervisory Recruitment and Selection.
Recruiting and Selecting Police Chiefs.
5. Police Training and Education.
Police Training.
Types of Training.
Training and Police Leaders.
Training Effectiveness.
Purposes of Training.
Who Should Do Police Training?
Police Education.
6. Women and Minorities in Policing.
Women in Policing.
Black Police Officers.
Hispanic Police Officers.
Asian-American Police Officers.
Recruiting and Retaining Minority Police Officers.
7. The Police Subculture and the Personal Costs of Police Work.
The Police Subculture.
The Police Personality: Myth or Reality?
Stresses and Strains of Police Work.
The Personal Costs of Police Work.
Forms of Police Stress.
8. Policing in a Multi-Cultural Setting.
The Nature of Police-Community Relations.
Public Opinion and the Police.
9. Ethical Practice and the Use of Discretion in Policing.
Introduction.
The Importance of Ethics in Policing.
Professionalism and the Police.
Police Discretion: Rationale and Influences.
10. Police Misconduct.
Introduction.
The Background of Police Corruption.
Types of Misconduct.
Causes and Consequences of Police Misconduct.
Recommendations for Improvement.
Concluding Remarks.
11. Community Policing.
Problematic Issues for the Police.
Community Policing.
12. The Future of Policing in the United States: Changing Images, Technology, and Terrorism.
The Public and Their Police.
Research and Planning as Police Functions.
Changing the Image of Patrol Officers.
Expanding the Concepts of Community-Oriented and Problem-Oriented Policing.
Changing the Image of the Police Gender and Race.
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