Control Balance: Toward A General Theory Of Deviance

by Tittle,Charles R

• ISBN13: 9780813326320
• ISBN10: 081332632X
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 1995-10-27
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

A major contribution to the field of crime/deviance, this volume by noted criminologist Charles R. Tittle puts forth an integrated theory of deviancecontrol balance. Its central premise is that the total amount of control people are subjected to, relative to the control they can exercise, will affect the probability and type of their deviant behavior.In developing control balance, Tittle critically reviews other general theories such as anomie, Marxian conflict, social control, differential association/social learning, labelling, and routine activities and offers reasons why those theories are insufficient. Using real-world examples to illustrate his argument, he contends that deviance results from the convergence of four variables, each of which represents an interactive nexus of several inputs, including most prominently a control imbalance. The variables are predisposition, motivation, opportunity, and constraint. Control balance theory also explains six basic types of deviance, ranging from predation, defiance, and submissiveness on one end of a control ratio continuum to exploitation, plunder, and decadence on the other.Tittle conceives of control balance as a continuation, or temporary culmination, of the collective efforts of crime/deviance scholars who have gone before, presenting it as a vehicle for trying to achieve a fully adequate general theory of deviance.

Author Biography

Charles R. Tittle is professor of sociology at Washington State University at Pullman. He is the editor of Criminology, the journal of the American Society of Criminology, and the author of Society of Subordinates and Sanctions and Social Deviance.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. xi
The Problem with Simple Theories	p. 1
Features of Adequate Theory	p. 17
General Conclusion	p. 51
Conventional Methods of Theory Building	p. 54
General Conclusion	p. 87
Theoretical Integration	p. 89
What is to Be Explained	p. 124
General Summary	p. 141
The Concepts of Control Balance Theory	p. 142
General Summary	p. 170
The Causal Process of Control Balance Theory	p. 171
General Summary of the Control Balancing Process	p. 192
General Summary	p. 199
Contingencies for the Central Causal Process	p. 201
General Summary	p. 224
Compatibility of the Theory with Evidence	p. 226
General Conclusion	p. 271
Integration and Critique	p. 272
General Summary and Conclusion	p. 290
References	p. 291
About the Book and Author	p. 307
Index	p. 309
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