Coordination

by Johannessen, Janne Bondi

• ISBN13: 9780198237099
• ISBN10: 019823709X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-06-11
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This volume is a study of coordination, i.e. structures with conjunctions such as and, but, and or. These are important words in their constructions, rather than being unimportant and superfluous, because they have many properties in common with categories such as verbs and prepositions. DrJohannessen has analysed data from thirty-three languages, many of them unrelated, and has found striking similarities. She focuses in particular on 'unbalanced coordination' (UC), that is, coordination in which the conjuncts differ with respect to crucial grammatical features such as case and word order. UC occurs in many of the languages in the study, and provides evidence for an analysis of overt, as well ascovert, conjunctions as heads in an X-bar theoretical framework. Specifically, there is a strong correlation between the order of conjunctions and abnormal conjuncts and that of heads and complements generally in the languages that have UC. Dr Johannessen also considers extraordinary balanced coordination, in which both conjuncts are abnormal. This phenomenon provides additional evidence for conjunctions being heads. She gives a comprehensive account of coordination in general, including extraction, coordination categories, multiplecoordination, and 'discontinuous conjunctions'. SERIES DESCRIPTION Oxford Studies in Comparative Syntax Series Editor: Richard S. Kayne The growing sophistication of syntactic theory is making it possible to achieve an increasingly precise characterization of syntactic differences among languages. By shedding light on the nature of syntactic variation, the books in this series will also contribute to our understanding of that whichis syntactically variant, i.e. those facets of syntax that can be construed as reflecting properties of universal grammar.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction	1	(6)
1.1 General introduction	1	(3)
1.2 Framework	4	(1)
1.3 Data	5	(1)
1.4 Miscellania	6	(1)
2 Unbalanced and Extraordinary Balanced Coordination	7	(67)
2.1 Introduction	7	(1)
2.2 Unbalanced coordination	7	(35)
2.2.1 Nominal unbalanced coordination	9	(1)
2.2.1.1 Receiving-type UC	9	(16)
2.2.1.2 Assigning-type UC	25	(9)
2.2.2 Verbal unbalanced coordination	34	(1)
2.2.2.1 Receiving-type UC	34	(4)
2.2.2.2 Assigning-type UC	38	(1)
2.2.3 Clausal unbalanced coordination	39	(3)
2.3 Delimiting unbalanced coordination	42	(12)
2.3.1 Morpho-syntactic UC	42	(1)
2.3.1.1 Affix or adposition?	43	(3)
2.3.1.2 Coordination or subordination?	46	(2)
2.3.1.3 "Pseudocoordination"	48	(4)
2.3.2 Semantic-pragmatic UC	52	(2)
2.3.3 Extraction causing UC	54	(1)
2.4 UG and UC	54	(6)
2.5 Extraordinary balanced coordination	60	(6)
2.5.1 Assigning-type EBC	60	(1)
2.5.2 Receiving-type EBC	61	(5)
2.6 Summary	66	(8)
3 Conjunctions as Heads	74	(34)
3.1 Introduction	74	(1)
3.2 The head-status of conjunctions	74	(22)
3.2.1 Semantic argument or functor	75	(1)
3.2.2 Determining agreement	76	(2)
3.2.3 Morphosyntactic locus	78	(1)
3.2.4 Subcategoriser	79	(2)
3.2.5 Distributional equivalent	81	(1)
3.2.6 Obligatoriness	82	(1)
3.2.6.1 Overt conjunctions	82	(2)
3.2.6.2 Empty conjunctions	84	(7)
3.2.7 Uniqueness	91	(1)
3.2.8 X^o -element	92	(1)
3.2.9 Determining word order	92	(1)
3.2.10 Projecter of features to CoP	93	(3)
3.2.11 Summary	96	(1)
3.3 Is the conjunction a functional or a lexical head?	96	(9)
3.3.1 Closed lexical class	97	(1)
3.3.2 Phonological and morphological dependence	98	(1)
3.3.3 Only one complement	98	(1)
3.3.4 Inseparable from their complement	99	(1)
3.3.5 Lack of "descriptive contents"	100	(2)
3.3.6 The head as a D-structure projection	102	(1)
3.3.7 The difference between functional and lexical projections	103	(1)
3.3.8 Summary	104	(1)
3.4 Summary and concluding remarks	105	(3)
4 The Conjunction Phrase	108	(67)
4.1 Introduction	108	(1)
4.2 The structure of the conjunction phrase	108	(5)
4.3 The role of CoP in unbalanced coordination	113	(23)
4.3.1 Nominal UC	113	(6)
4.3.1.1 Case: assignment, licencing, default, overcorrection	119	(1)
4.3.1.1.1 The conjunction--a case assigner?	119	(1)
4.3.1.1.2 The conjunction--a licencer of default case	120	(3)
4.3.1.1.3 Overcorrection in English	123	(4)
4.3.2 Verbal UC	127	(4)
4.3.3 Clausal UC	131	(5)
4.4 The role of CoP in balanced coordination	136	(4)
4.4.1 Extraordinary balanced coordination	136	(3)
4.4.2 Ordinary balanced coordination	139	(1)
4.5 UC, EBC, and OBC, and (parametric) variation	140	(3)
4.5.1 Coordination in language acquisition	142	(1)
4.6 Multiple coordination	143	(11)
4.7 CoP adverbs	154	(8)
4.8 Alternative approaches to conjunction phrases suggested in the literature	162	(7)
4.8.1 Munn's theory	163	(1)
4.8.1.1 Some advantages of Munn's theory	164	(1)
4.8.1.2 Some problems in Munn's theory	164	(2)
4.8.2 Grootveld's theory	166	(1)
4.8.2.1 Some advantages of Grootveld's theory	166	(1)
4.8.2.2 Some problems in Grootveld's theory	167	(1)
4.8.3 Borsley's view	167	(2)
4.9 Summary	169	(6)
5 Coordinate-Alpha	175	(39)
5.1 Introduction	175	(1)
5.2 The coordinate-alpha transformation	175	(2)
5.3 Reduction	177	(27)
5.3.1 Deletion	178	(2)
5.3.1.1 Small conjunct coordination	180	(9)
5.3.2 Other approaches to reduction	189	(1)
5.3.2.1 Van Oirsouw's deletion approach	190	(3)
5.3.2.2 Goodall's three-dimensional approach	193	(7)
5.3.2.3 Johannessen's (1993c) approach	200	(1)
5.3.2.4 Wesche's sharing approach	201	(3)
5.4 CoP components--full CPs or simplex categories?	204	(7)
5.4.1 Other approaches to input categories	205	(1)
5.4.1.1 Phrase-structure theory	206	(3)
5.4.1.2 Categorial grammar	209	(2)
5.4.1.3 Transformational theories	211	(1)
5.5 Summary	211	(3)
6 Extraction out of CoP	214	(23)
6.1. Introduction	214	(1)
6.2. The CSC-ATB principles and examples of violations	215	(3)
6.2.1 Examples of violation of the first part of the CSC-ATB	215	(2)
6.2.2 Examples of violation of the second part of the CSC-ATB	217	(1)
6.3. The analysis of CSC-ATB violations	218	(17)
6.3.1 The analysis of split coordination as extraction of whole conjuncts	219	(3)
6.3.2 A revised analysis of split coordination	222	(6)
6.3.3 The analysis of extraction of part of conjuncts	228	(7)
6.4 Summary	235	(2)
7 Semantic and Thematic Issues	237	(33)
7.1 Introduction	237	(1)
7.2 Semantics	237	(14)
7.2.1 Coordination and subordination	238	(1)
7.2.1.1 Cross-linguistic variation in the distribution of conjunctions	239	(5)
7.2.2 The origin of conjunctions	244	(1)
7.2.3 Problem areas defined by semanticists	245	(5)
7.2.4 Summary	250	(1)
7.3 Thematic properties	251	(15)
7.3.1 Thematic roles and the lexicon	251	(2)
7.3.2 Thematic problems	253	(1)
7.3.2.1 Conjuncts with unacceptable different thematic roles	253	(3)
7.3.2.2 Conjuncts with acceptable different thematic roles	256	(1)
7.3.3 Grimshaw's argument structure	257	(1)
7.3.3.1 The thematic dimension	258	(3)
7.3.3.2 The aspectual dimension	261	(1)
7.3.3.3 Problems with the aspectual dimension	262	(4)
7.3.4 Summary	266	(1)
7.4 Summary	266	(4)
8 Conclusion	270	(3)
References	273	(12)
General index	285