Coordination in Syntax

by Niina Ning Zhang

• ISBN13: 9780521767552
• ISBN10: 0521767555
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-01-11
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

Coordination in syntax is an important part of the analysis of sentence structure. Niina Ning Zhang addresses the issues raised by coordinate pairings and the implications of these structures, looking in particular at examples within English and Chinese. The volume covers the major questions regarding coordinates in syntax, providing a fresh perspective to arguments raised within previous literature. She explains how such coordinate complexes are structured, how some coordinators can be combined in parts of speech, the fixed nature of some of these pairings and what changes exist between the coordinate and non-coordinate constructions. The theories raised are backed up by a rich variety of examples as well as providing a cross-linguistic perspective, contextualising these ideas within current syntactic research.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. xvi
Abbreviations	p. xviii
Introduction	p. 1
No Special Syntactic Configuration	p. 7
The complementation structure of coordinate complexes	p. 9
Introduction	p. 9
The binary-branching constituency of coordinate complexes	p. 10
The asymmetry between conjuncts in binding	p. 11
The asymmetry between conjuncts in possessee pronominalization	p. 12
The asymmetry between conjuncts in hosting coordinators	p. 13
The asymmetry between conjuncts in coordinator floating	p. 14
Conclusion and Dik's challenges	p. 16
The complementation structure of coordinate complexes	p. 19
The dubious status of agreement in the syntax of coordination	p. 21
The impossibility for external conjuncts to be stranded	p. 21
The possible interactions between coordinators and internal conjuncts	p. 26
Extraction from both internal and external conjuncts	p. 30
The syntactic relation between conjuncts: conclusions	p. 31
The possible modifier function of conjuncts	p. 33
The issue of so-called bar-level sharing	p. 35
Chapter summary	p. 40
No Special Syntactic Category	p. 41
The categorial makeup of coordinate complexes	p. 43
Introduction	p. 43
The categories of coordinators and conjuncts	p. 44
Coordinators without c-selection restrictions	p. 45
Coordinators with c-selection restrictions	p. 46
Representing the categorial dependency of coordinators on conjuncts	p. 49
The categorial makeup of coordinate complexes	p. 50
Coordinate complexes headed by and-like coordinators	p. 50
Categorial features of coordinators that have c-selection restrictions	p. 57
Categorial unification in Spec-Head and Head-Complrelations	p. 59
Against &P	p. 60
The distributions of coordinate complexes are covered by simplexes	p. 61
Neither closed classes nor case inflection argue for &P	p. 63
Retrospection	p. 64
Against the Clausal Conjunct Hypothesis	p. 65
The structure of coordinate complexes composed of more than two conjuncts	p. 69
The coordinator must be grouped with an edge conjunct	p. 71
The category decisiveness of non-final conjuncts in English	p. 72
Borsley's arguments against the layered complementation in English	p. 73
Chapter summary	p. 75
No Special Syntactic Constraint	p. 77
The Conjunct Constraint and the lexical properties of coordinators	p. 79
Introduction	p. 79
The CCi and CCe	p. 79
Previous approaches to the CC	p. 81
A new account of the CC	p. 85
The CCi and the asymmetry in conjunct drop	p. 88
Conjunct drop in right-branching coordinate complexes	p. 88
Conjunct drop in left-branching coordinate complexes	p. 89
Clause-final coordinator-like elements	p. 90
The CCe and the Chinese de constructions	p. 92
Two kinds of de constructions	p. 93
The various categories of kernel-final constructions	p. 95
De as the head of the whole complex	p. 97
The chameleon-like nature of de keeps the kernel elements in situ	p. 105
The CCe and the he/gen comitative constructions in Chinese	p. 107
Introduction: he/gen constructions in Chinese	p. 108
Coordinator properties of the comitative he/gen	p. 109
Violation of the CCe in non-distributive coordination	p. 114
Chapter summary	p. 122
The Element Constraint and the semantic relatedness of conjuncts	p. 124
Introduction	p. 124
Asymmetrical coordination as a type of natural coordination	p. 124
Natural coordination	p. 124
Asymmetrical coordination	p. 127
Some formal contrasts between natural and accidental coordination	p. 128
The EC violation in asymmetrical coordination	p. 135
Chapter summary	p. 139
Three puzzles solved by rejecting the CSC	p. 141
Introduction	p. 141
Deriving Split Argument Constructions by giving up the CC	p. 141
The Split Argument Construction (SAC)	p. 141
The two DPs of a SAC form a coordinate complex	p. 145
Deriving SACs by conjunct raising	p. 145
Section summary	p. 153
Deriving Modifier-Sharing Constructions by giving up the CC	p. 154
The Modifier-Sharing Construction (MSC)	p. 154
MSCs have coordinate antecedents	p. 155
Deriving MSCs by sideward conjunct raising	p. 160
A comparison with the multiple dimensional analysis	p. 166
Section summary	p. 167
Deriving Interwoven Dependency Constructions by giving up the EC	p. 168
The Interwoven Dependency Construction (IDC)	p. 169
Previous analyses	p. 171
IDCs exhibit parallel movement dependencies	p. 172
Deriving IDCs by sideward extraction from conjuncts	p. 173
Section summary	p. 175
Chapter summary	p. 176
Relativized parallelism in syntactic complexes	p. 177
Introduction	p. 177
The Relativized Parallelism Requirement (RPR)	p. 178
The Coordination of Likes Constraint and other similar constraints	p. 178
The RPR: conjuncts must hold a coherence relation	p. 181
The components of the RPR	p. 183
Examples of the semantic relatedness between conjuncts	p. 183
Examples of the resemblance between conjuncts in semantic types	p. 186
The CLC: two further issues	p. 190
Examples of the resemblance between conjuncts in dependency chains	p. 192
The RPR in language processing	p. 195
The more tightly semantically connected, the easier to process	p. 195
The more parallel in merged structures, the easier to process	p. 196
The more parallel in dependency chains, the easier to process	p. 197
The nature of the RPR	p. 198
The RPR is a filter on representations of syntactic complexes	p. 198
The general economy motivation of the RPR	p. 201
Chapter summary and conclusions for Part III	p. 202
No Special Syntactic Operation	p. 205
The derivation of coordinate clauses with identity adjectives	p. 207
Introduction	p. 207
The identity adjective same	p. 208
The general plural-¿ licensing of identity adjectives	p. 208
Major questions about the syntax of TLCs	p. 213
Building well-formed conjuncts of TLCs	p. 214
The existence of a silent nominal in the second conjunct	p. 214
The interpretation of the silent argument in the second conjunct	p. 215
The syntactic category of the silent argument in the second conjunct	p. 216
Extraction of SEs out of their licensing coordinate complexes	p. 216
The extraction of SEs out of first conjuncts	p. 217
Carlson's constraint and the motivation for the SE extraction	p. 218
The silence of the pro-form in the second conjunct of a TLC	p. 220
Chapter summary	p. 221
Forming Across-the-Board constructions without forking movement	p. 222
Introduction	p. 222
ATB constructions as TLCs	p. 222
The identity readings of ATB constructions	p. 223
The syntactic reality of a silent argument in the second conjunct	p. 225
The correspondence between extraction and identity readings	p. 229
The compatibility between two types of wh-expressions	p. 231
The respectively readings of certain ATB constructions	p. 233
Munn's respectively readings	p. 233
The availability of respectively readings in modification constructions	p. 234
A comparison with other approaches	p. 236
The characteristics of our approach	p. 237
The null operator approach	p. 237
The multiple dimensional approach	p. 238
The deletion approach	p. 240
The sideward movement approach	p. 240
Chapter summary and conclusions of Part IV	p. 241
Conclusions	p. 242
References	p. 247
Index	p. 267
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