Corotating Interaction Regions

by Balogh, Andre; Gosling, J. T.; Jokipii, J. R.; Kallenbach, R.; Kunow, H.

• ISBN13: 9780792360803
• ISBN10: 079236080X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-12-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

This volume gives a comprehensive and integrated overview of current knowledge and understanding of corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in the solar wind. It is the result of a workshop at ISSI, where space scientists involved in the Ulysses, Pioneer, Voyager, IMP-8, Wind, and SOHO missions exchanged their data and interpretations with theorists in the fields of solar and heliospheric physics. The book provides a broad synthesis of current understanding of CIRs, which form at the interface between the fast solar wind originating in the northern and southern coronal holes and the slow solar wind that originates near and within coronal streamers surrounding the heliomagnetic equator. CIRs are the dominant structure in the heliosphere near and beyond Earth on the declining phase and near the minimum of the 11-year solar activity cycle. Particles energized at the shocks that bound CIRs at heliospheric distances beyond the orbit of Earth are the dominant energetic particle population observed in the outer heliosphere at these times. Papers included in this volume cover the subject of CIRs from their dissipation in the outer hemisphere, and include discussions of complexities associated with their evolution with distance from the Sun, their three-dimensional structure, and the myriad effects that CIRs have on energetic particles throughout the heliosphere. The book is intended to provide scientists active in space physics research with an up-to-date status report on current understanding of CIRs and their effects in the heliosphere, and also to serve the advanced graduate student with introductory material on this active field of research.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xiii
Introduction	1	(6)
A. Balogh
J. T. Gosling
J. R. Jokipii
R. Kallenbach
H. Kunow
INTRODUCTORY PAPERS
Solar Origin and Interplanetary Evolution of Stream Interfaces	7	(14)
R. J. Forsyth
E. Marsch
Formation and Evolution of Corotating Interaction Regions and Their Three-Dimensional Structure	21	(32)
J. T. Gosling
V. J. Pizzo
Voyager 2 Observations of Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) in the Outer Heliosphere	53	(8)
A. J. Lazarus
J. D. Richardson
R. B. Decker
F. B. McDonald
Development and Effects of Turbulence in Connection with CIRs	61	(16)
T. S. Horbury
J. M. Schmidt
CIR Associated Energetic Particles in the Inner and Middle Heliosphere	77	(14)
G. M. Mason
T. R. Sanderson
Observation of Injection and Pre-Acceleration Processes in the Slow Solar Wind	91	(14)
G. Gloeckler
Injection and Accleration Processes in Corotating Interaction Regions: Theoretical Concepts	105	(10)
M. Scholer
Mechanisms for Latitudinal Transport of Energetic Particles in the Heliosphere	115	(10)
L. A. Fisk
J. R. Jokipii
Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays at Solar Minimum	125	(16)
B. Heber
R. A. Burger
WORKING GROUP REPORTS
The Solar Origin of Corotating Interaction Regions and Their Formation in the Inner Heliosphere--Report of Working Group I	141	(38)
A. Balogh
V. Bothmer
N. U. Crooker
R. J. Forsyth
G. Gloeckler
A. Hewish
M. Hilchenbach
R. Kallenbach
B. Klecker
J. A. Linker
E. Lucek
G. Mann
E. Marsch
A. Posner
I. G. Richardson
J. M. Schmidt
M. Scholer
Y.-M. Wang
R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber
M. R. Aellig
P. Bochsler
S. Hefti
Z. Mikie
Introduction	142	(4)
A. Balogh
V. Bothmer
R. Kallenbach
The Relationship of Fast and Slow Solar Wind to Coronal Structure	146	(9)
J. A. Linker
Y.-M. Wang
E. Marsch
A. Posner
V. Bothmer
Z. Mikie
Compositional and Kinematic Signatures of Solar Wind Stream Interfaces and Their Relationship with Solar and Coronal Features	155	(7)
R. Kallenbach
M. Aellig
P. Bochsler
N. U. Crooker
R. J. Forsyth
S. Hefti
M. Hilchenbach
R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber
CIRs in the Inner Heliosphere: A Summary of the Results from Helios	162	(9)
A. Balogh
I. G. Richardson
Summary	171	(8)
A. Balogh
References	174	(5)
CIR Morphology, Turbulence, Discontinuities, and Energetic Particles--Report of Working Group 2	179	(42)
N. U. Crooker
J. T. Gosling
V. Bothmer
R. J. Forsyth
P. R. Gazis
A. Hewish
T. S. Horbury
D. S. Intriligator
J. R. Jokipii
J. Kota
A. J. Lazarus
M. A. Lee
E. Lucek
E. Marsch
A. Posner
I. G. Richardson
E. C. Roelof
J. M. Schmidt
G. L. Siscoe
B. T. Tsurutani
R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber
Introduction	179	(1)
Morphological Structures	180	(10)
R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber
R. J. Forsyth
N. U. Crooker
J. T. Gosling
P. R. Gazis
A. J. Lazarus
An Analytical Model of the Plasma and Field Morphology of CIRs	190	(4)
M. A. Lee
Turbulence, Discontinuities and Waves, and Their Relation to Energetic Particles	194	(22)
T. S. Horbury
B. T. Tsurutani
E. C. Roelof
V. Bothmer
D. S. Intriligator
G. L. Siscoe
J. R. Jokipii
I. G. Richardson
Conclusions	216	(5)
References	216	(5)
Corotating Interaction Regions at High Latitudes--Report of Working Group 3	221	(48)
H. Kunow
M. A. Lee
L. A. Fisk
R. J. Forsyth
B. Heber
T. S. Horbury
E. Keppler
J. Kota
Y.-Q. Lou
R. B. McKibben
C. Paizis
M. S. Potgieter
E. C. Roelof
T. R. Sanderson
G. M. Simnett
R. von Steiger
B. T. Tsurutani
R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber
J. R. Jokipii
Introduction	222	(3)
M. A. Lee
H. Kunow
Global Structure, Observations, and Challenges to Theory	225	(10)
E. C. Roelof
G. M. Simnett
T. R. Sanderson
H. Kunow
Remote Connection of Particles at High Latitudes to CIRs	235	(10)
J. Kota
L. A. Fisk
J. R. Jokipii
Y.-Q. Lou
E. C. Roelof
Comparison of the CIRs Observed by Ulysses in the Southern and Northern Heliosphere	245	(16)
T. R. Sanderson
R. J. Forsyth
G. M. Simnett
E. C. Roelof
B. Heber
North-South Asymmetries in Modulation and 26-Day Variations	261	(1)
R. B. McKibben
Summary and Conclusions	262	(7)
H. Kunow
M. A. Lee
References	264	(5)
Corotating Interaction Regions in the Outer Heliosphere--Report of Working Group 4	269	(38)
P. R. Gazis
F. B. McDonald
R. A. Burger
S. Chalov
R. B. Decker
J. R. Dwyer
D. S. Intriligator
J. R. Jokipii
A. J. Lazarus
G. M. Mason
V. J. Pizzo
M. S. Potgieter
I. G. Richardson
L. J. Lanzerotti
Introduction	269	(1)
P. R. Gazis
R. B. Decker
Structure and Evolution of CIRs and Their Successors	270	(8)
P. R. Gazis
A. J. Lazarus
Behavior of Energetic Particles and Cosmic Rays	278	(20)
R. B. Decker
F. B. McDonald
M. S. Potgieter
The Origin of Recurrent Non-Dispersive Particle Enhancements in the Outer Heliosphere	298	(2)
J. R. Jokipii
R. B. Decker
P. R. Gazis
Conclusions	300	(7)
P. R. Gazis
R. B. Decker
References	301	(6)
Modulation of Cosmic Rays and Anomalous Components by CIRs--Report of Working Group 5	307	(20)
R. B. McKibben
J. R. Jokipii
R. A. Burger
B. Heber
J. Kota
F. B. McDonald
C. Paizis
M. S. Potgieter
I. G. Richardson
Introduction	307	(4)
Quantitative Estimates of Variations in Propagation Imposed by CIRs	311	(4)
J. Kota
Comparison of Models and Observations	315	(4)
R. A. Burger
Jovian Electrons and CIRs	319	(3)
R. B. McKibben
Further Developments Desired for Improving Models	322	(5)
J. R. Jokipii
References	323	(4)
Origin, Injection, and Acceleration of CIR Particles: Observations--Report of Working Group 6	327	(42)
G. M. Mason
R. von Steiger
R. B. Decker
M. I. Desai
J. R. Dwyer
L. A. Fisk
G. Gloeckler
J. T. Gosling
M. Hilchenbach
R. Kallenbach
E. Keppler
B. Klecker
H. Kunow
G. Mann
I. G. Richardson
T. R. Sanderson
G. M. Simmett
Y.-M. Wang
R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber
M. Franz
J. E. Mazur
Introduction	328	(1)
G. M. Mason
Seed Populations	329	(5)
G. Gloeckler
J. T. Gosling
Plasma and Shock Parameters	334	(3)
G. Mann
Time-Intensity Profiles and Spectral Evolution at 1 AU	337	(3)
J. R. Dwyer
R. B. Decker
H. Kunow
Spectra: Temporal and Radial Evolution	340	(11)
R. B. Decker
M. I. Desai
G. M. Simnett
Composition: Averages, Time Variations Radial and Latitude Variations	351	(8)
G. M. Mason
G. Gloeckler
M. Hilchenbach
R. Kallenbach
E. Keppler
Anisotropies at 1 AU	359	(2)
J. R. Dwyer
High Latitude Observations	361	(1)
G. M. Mason
Summary of Key Observational Features	361	(8)
G. M. Mason
References	363	(6)
Origin, Injection, and Acceleration of CIR Particles: Theory--Report of Working Group 7	369	(38)
M. Scholer
G. Mann
S. Chalov
M. I. Desai
L. A. Fisk
J. R. Jokipii
R. Kallenbach
E. Keppler
J. Kota
H. Kunow
M. A. Lee
T. R. Sanderson
G. M. Simnett
Introduction	369	(3)
Energetic Particle Transport and the Diffusion Tensor	372	(3)
M. A. Lee
J. Kota
Theory of Shock Acceleration	375	(2)
J. R. Jokipii
A Model for Diffusive Shock Acceleration	377	(2)
M. A. Lee
Numerical Models for Ion Injection at Shocks	379	(4)
M. Scholer
Shock Surfing and Shock Drift	383	(4)
M. A. Lee
R. Kallenbach
Statistical Acceleration in the Solar Wind	387	(2)
L. A. Fisk
Electron Acceleration	389	(3)
G. Mann
Summary	392	(11)
References	396	(7)
EPILOGUE
Glossary	403	(4)
A. Balogh
J. T. Gosling
R. Kallenbach
List of Acronyms	407	(2)
Author Index	409	(1)
List of Participants	410