The Cost of Environmental Degradation Case Studies from the Middle East and North Africa

by Croitoru, Lelia; Sarraf, Maria

• ISBN13: 9780821383186
• ISBN10: 0821383183
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-07-16
• Publisher: World Bank Publications

Summary

How much is a cleaner environment worth? For policy makers, that question used to go largely unanswered. Many economic activities cause environmental degradation, entailing real costs to the economy and to people's welfare. Knowing the extent of these costs is crucial for identifying a country's main environmental priorities and allocating appropriate funds for environmental protection.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Abbreviations and Symbols	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
Measuring the Cost of Environmental Degradation	p. 2
The Cost of Environmental Degradation in the Middle East and North Africa	p. 4
Notes	p. 8
References	p. 9
Water Degradation: The Case of Tunisia	p. 11
Overview of the Water Sector	p. 11
Methodology	p. 13
Cost of Water Degradation	p. 15
Conclusions	p. 28
Notes	p. 29
References	p. 32
Air Pollution: The Case of Jordan	p. 37
Overview of Air Pollution	p. 37
Methodology	p. 39
Cost of Air Pollution	p. 41
Conclusions	p. 46
Notes	p. 48
References	p. 50
Deforestation and Forest Degradation: The Case of the Islamic Republic of Iran	p. 53
Overview of the Forest Sector	p. 53
Deforestation and Forest Degradation	p. 55
Methodology	p. 58
Costs of Deforestation and Forest Degradation	p. 59
Conclusions	p. 66
Notes	p. 68
References	p. 70
Land Degradation: The Case of Morocco	p. 75
Overview of Land Resources	p. 75
Methodology	p. 77
Cost of Cropland Degradation	p. 79
Cost of Rangeland Degradation	p. 81
Conclusions	p. 82
Notes	p. 85
References	p. 86
Oil Spill and Waste due to Conflict: The Case of Lebanon	p. 89
The Oil Spill	p. 90
Demolition, Military, and Medical Waste	p. 114
Conclusions	p. 133
Notes	p. 135
References	p. 141
Implications for Policies, Investments, and Institutions	p. 147
Overview	p. 147
The COED's Impact on Policy Making	p. 149
The COED's Impact on Investments	p. 152
The COED's Impact on Institutional Strengthening	p. 154
Notes	p. 156
References	p. 157
Index	p. 161
Figures
Estimated COED in Selected Middle Eastern and North African Countries	p. 8
Fish Production in Most Polluted Areas vs. Rest of Tunisia	p. 20
Fish Production per Boat in Most Polluted Areas vs. Rest of Tunisia	p. 21
Annual Cost of Water Degradation in Tunisia	p. 28
Estimated Damages from Air Pollution	p. 46
Shares of Environmental Degradation Cost in Jordan, by Category	p. 47
Annual Costs of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in the Islamic Republic of Iran, by Category	p. 67
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