Cracking the AP Biology, 2000-2001 Edition

by Magloire, Kim

• ISBN13: 9780375754951
• ISBN10: 0375754954
• Format: Trade Paper
• Copyright: 2000-02-01
• Publisher: Princeton Review

Summary

WE KNOW THE AP BIOLOGY EXAM The experts at The Princeton Review study the AP Biology exam and other standardized tests each year to make sure you get the most up-to-date, thoroughly researched books possible. WE KNOW STUDENTS Each year we help more than two million students score high with our courses, bestselling books, and award-winning software. WE GET RESULTS Students who take our courses for the SAT, GRE, LSAT, and many other tests see score improvements that have been verified by independent accounting firms. The proven techniques we teach in our courses are in this book. AND IF IT'S ON THE AP BIOLOGY EXAM, IT'S IN THIS BOOK We don't try to teach you everything there is to know about biology-only the facts and techniques you'll need to know to score high on the Advanced Placement exam. There's a big difference. In Cracking the AP Biology, 1999-2000 Edition, you will learn to think like the test-makers and" *Eliminate answer choices that look right but are planted to fool you *Improve your score by knowing in advance what biology topics are tested *Memorize complicated biology concepts using simple techniques *Use the three-pass system to get the most out of your time *Ace the essay section by practicing on our sample essay questions Practice your skills on the two full-length sample tests inside. The questions are just like the ones you'll see on the actual AP Biology exam, and we fully explain every answer.

Author Biography

Kim Magloire received a degree in Biology from Princeton University.  She is now completing her doctorate in Epidemiology at Columbia University.  As a teacher for The Princeton Review, Kim has prepared hundreds of students for the AP Biology test.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
What is the AP Biology Test?	p. 1
The Princeton Review Approach	p. 2
Using the Princeton Review Approach to Crack the System	p. 8
The Chemistry of Life	p. 19
Elements	p. 19
The Essential Elements of Life	p. 20
Subatomic Particles	p. 20
What are Compounds?	p. 21
Water: The Versatile Molecule	p. 21
The Acid Test	p. 23
Carbon: The Versatile Atom	p. 24
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Amino Acids
Polypeptides
Lipids
Phospholipids
Nucleic Acids
The Heterotroph Hypothesis	p. 31
Cells and Organelles	p. 35
Living Things	p. 35
What are the Different Types of Cells?	p. 36
Organelles
Plasma Membrane
The Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Centrioles
Vacuoles
Cytoskeleton
How Do Plant Cells Differ from Animal Cells?	p. 39
Transport: The Traffic Across Membranes	p. 40
Diffusion
Facilitated Transport
Active Transport
Endocytosis
Cellular Metabolism	p. 45
Bioenergetics	p. 45
Enzymes	p. 46
Spontaneous Reactions	p. 46
Nonspontaneous Reactions	p. 47
Enzyme Specificity
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Enzyme Inhibition
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)	p. 51
Aerobic Respiration	p. 53
Glycolysis
Formation of Acetyl CoA
The Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain
Oxidative Phosphorylation	p. 59
What About Anaerobic Respiration?	p. 60
Photosynthesis	p. 65
The Anatomy of a Leaf	p. 66
A Closer Look at Photosynthesis	p. 67
The Light Reaction
Noncyclic Photophosphorylation
Cyclic Photophosphorylation
The Dark Reaction
The Calvin Cycle
Molecular Genetics	p. 75
DNA: The Blueprint of Life	p. 75
The Molecular Structure of DNA	p. 76
DNA Replication	p. 80
RNA	p. 81
Protein Synthesis	p. 82
Transcription
Translation
Mutations Mean Mistakes	p. 85
Cell Reproduction	p. 91
Cell Division	p. 91
The Cell Cycle	p. 92
Interphase
Mitosis	p. 94
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
The Haploids Versus the Diploids	p. 97
An Overview of Meiosis	p. 97
Meiosis 1
Meiosis 2
Gametogenesis
Genetics	p. 105
Gregor Mendel: The Father of Genetics	p. 105
Mendelian Genetics	p. 107
Dominance
The Punnett Square
Segregation
Independent Assortment
Let's Talk About Sex	p. 111
Classification	p. 115
Taxonomy	p. 115
How Classification Works	p. 116
Classification of Fungi	p. 119
Classification of Animals	p. 119
Classification of Plants	p. 120
Plants	p. 123
Plant Classification	p. 124
Bryophytes
Tracheophytes
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Life Cycle of Plants	p. 127
Plant Growth	p. 129
Special Structures in Plants	p. 129
Leaves
Stamen
Pistil
Tropical Tropisms	p. 132
Animal Structure and Function	p. 137
The Digestive System	p. 138
The Mouth
The Stomach
The Small Intestine
The Pancreas
The Large Intestine
The Respiratory System	p. 143
Transport of Carbon Dioxide
The Mechanics of Breathing
The Circulatory System	p. 145
Systemic Circulation
The Pulmonary System
Blood
The Lymphatic System
The Immune System	p. 151
The Excretory System	p. 152
Nephrons
How Urine is Made
Hormones of the Kidney
Skin
The Nervous System	p. 156
Neurons
How Neurons Communicate
Transmission of an Impulse
Parts of the Nervous System
Parts of the Brain
The Musculoskeletal System	p. 163
Bones
Muscles
Muscle Contraction
The Endocrine System	p. 165
The Pituitary Gland
The Pancreas
The Adrenal Glands
The Thyroid
The Parathyroids
The Sex Hormones
The Reproductive System	p. 171
The Menstrual Cycle
The Male Reproductive System
Morphogenesis	p. 175
Blastula
Gastrula
Neurula
Microorganisms	p. 183
Kingdom Monera	p. 183
Kingdom Protista	p. 185
Kingdom Fungi	p. 185
Viruses	p. 186
Evolution	p. 191
Darwin and the HMS Beagle	p. 192
Genetic Variability	p. 194
Mutations and Evolution	p. 195
Species	p. 196
Population Genetics	p. 197
Hardy-Weinberg Equations
Behavior and Ecology	p. 201
Behavior	p. 201
Basic Instincts	p. 202
Learning
The Circadian Rhythm
Ecology	p. 204
Biosphere
Major Biomes
Ecosystem
Community
Producers, Consumers, Decomposers
Symbiotic Relationships
Population Ecology	p. 209
Ecological Succession
The Free-Response Questions	p. 215
The Essays	p. 215
Sample Essays	p. 221
How to Use our Diagnostic Essays
Laboratory	p. 225
Diffusion and Osmosis	p. 226
Enzyme Catalysis	p. 226
Mitosis and Meiosis	p. 227
Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis	p. 228
Cell Respiration	p. 229
Molecular Biology	p. 229
Genetics of Drosophila	p. 230
Population Genetics and Evolution	p. 231
Transpiration	p. 231
Physiology and the Circulatory System	p. 231
Habitat Selection	p. 232
Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity	p. 232
Answers and Explanations to the Chapter Drills	p. 233
The Princeton Review Ap Biology Diagnostic Exam I	p. 245
Answers and Explanations Exam I	p. 269
The Princeton Review Ap Biology Diagnostic Exam II	p. 287
Answers and Explanations Exam II	p. 309
Index	p. 321
About the Author	p. 329
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