Cracking the AP Biology Exam, 2004-2005 Edition

by PRINCETON REVIEW

• ISBN13: 9780375763939
• ISBN10: 0375763937
• Format: Trade Paper
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Princeton Review

Summary

This updated series by Princeton Review helps students pass the challenging Advance Placement Test, with targeted study for each exam of the series.

Author Biography

The Princeton Review is the fastest growing test-preparation company in the country, with over 60 franchise offices in the nation. Each year, we help more than 2 million students prepare for college, grad school, professional licensing exams, and successful careers.

Table of Contents

Introduction
What is the AP Biology Exam?
The Princeton Review Approach
Using the Princeton Review Approach to Crack the System	p. 8
The Chemistry Of Life	p. 19
Elements	p. 19
The Essential Elements of Life	p. 19
Subatomic Particles	p. 20
Compounds	p. 20
Water: The Versatile Molecule	p. 21
The Acid Test	p. 23
Organic Molecules	p. 24
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Proteins
Polypeptides
Lipids
Phospholipids
Nucleic Acids
The Heterotroph Hypothesis	p. 33
Quiz	p. 34
Cells and Organelles	p. 37
Living Things	p. 37
What Are the Different Types of Cells?	p. 37
Organelles Plasma Membrane The Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Lysosomes Centrioles Vacuoles Peroxisomes
Cytoskeleton Plant Cells Versus Animal Cells	p. 41
Transport: The Traffi c Across Membranes	p. 42
Diffusion
Facilitated Transport
Active Transport
Endocytosis
Bulk Flow
Dialysis
Exocytosis Cell Junctions	p. 45
Quiz	p. 46
Cellular Metabolism	p. 49
Bioenergetics	p. 49
Enzymes	p. 50
Exergonic Reactions	p. 50
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)	p. 54
Aerobic Respiration	p. 55
Glycolysis
Formation of Acetyl CoA
The Krebs Cycle
Oxidative
Phosphorylation Chemiosmosis	p. 60
Anaerobic Respiration	p. 61
Quiz	p. 62
Photosynthesis	p. 65
The Anatomy of a Leaf	p. 66
A Closer Look at Photosynthesis	p. 67
The Light Reaction
The Light Independent Reaction
Quiz	p. 73
Molecular Genetics	p. 75
DNA: The Blueprint of Life	p. 75
The Molecular Structure of DNA	p. 76
DNA Replication	p. 78
RNA	p. 80
Protein Synthesis	p. 80
Transcription
RNA Processing
Translation Mutations	p. 84
Recombinant DNA	p. 85
Quiz	p. 87
Cell Reproduction	p. 89
Cell Division	p. 89
The Cell Cycle	p. 89
Interphase: The Growing Phase Mitosis: The Dance of the Chromosomes	p. 91
Stage 1: Prophase
Stage 2: Metaphase
Stage 3: Anaphase
Stage 4: Telophase
Stage 5: Interphase Haploids Versus Diploids	p. 94
An Overview of Meiosis	p. 95
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Gametogenesis
Mutations
Quiz	p. 101
Heredity	p. 103
Gregor Mendel: The Father of Genetics	p. 103
Mendelian Genetics	p. 104
The Law of Dominance
Monohybrid Cross
The Law of Segregation
The Law of Independent Assortment Beyond Mendelian Genetics	p. 109
Sex-Linked Traits	p. 110
Quiz	p. 112
Classification	p. 115
Taxonomy	p. 115
How Classifi cation Works	p. 116
Kingdom Monera	p. 117
Kingdom Protista	p. 120
Kingdom Fungi	p. 121
Kingdom Plantae	p. 121
Kingdom Animalia	p. 122
Viruses	p. 124
Quiz	p. 125
Plants	p. 129
Plant Classifi cation	p. 130
Bryophytes versus Tracheophytes
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Life Cycle of Plants	p. 133
Plant Growth	p. 134
Special Structures in Plants	p. 135
Roots
Leaves
Flowering Plants
Double Fertilization
Vegetative Propagation Tropical Tropisms	p. 138
Quiz	p. 140
Animal Structure and Function	p. 143
The Digestive System	p. 144
The Human Digestive System
The Mouth
The Stomach
The Small Intestine
The Pancreas
The Large Intestine
The Respiratory System	p. 149
The Human Respiratory
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