Created Equal: A Social and Political History of the United States, Volume II (from 1865)

by Jones, Jacqueline; Wood, Peter H.; Borstelmann, Thomas; May, Elaine Tyler; Ruiz, Vicki L.

• ISBN13: 9780321317254
• ISBN10: 0321317254
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

In its comprehensive and inclusive view of American history, Created Equal provides an accurate, broad, deep, and compelling view of the nation's past. Emphasizing social history-including the lives and labors of women, immigrants, working people, and persons of color in all regions of the country-Created Equal also delivers the basics of political and economic history, thoughtfully examining the roles that all peoples have played in creating and defining those aspects of the nation's past. Created Equal explores an expanding notion of American identity-one that encompasses the stories of diverse groups of people, territorial growth and expansion, the rise of the middle class, technological innovation and economic development, and engagement with other nations and peoples of the world.

Table of Contents

Maps	xviii
Figures and Tables	xviii
Features	xix
Preface	xx
Supplements	xxvi
A Conversation with the Authors	xxx
Meet the Authors	xxxiv
Acknowledgments	xxxvi
PART FIVE Disunion and Reunion	426	(108)
In the Wake of War: Consolidating a Triumphant Union, 1865--1877	498	(36)
The Struggle over the South	501	(14)
Wartime Preludes to Postwar Policies	501	(1)
Presidential Reconstruction, 1865--1867	502	(3)
The Southern Postwar Labor Problem	505	(3)
Building Free Communities	508	(2)
Landscapes and Soundscapes of Freedom	510	(1)
Congressional Reconstruction: The Radicals' Plan	510	(5)
The Remarkable Career of Blanche K. Bruce	515	(1)
Claiming Territory for the Union	515	(10)
Federal Military Campaigns Against Western Indians	516	(2)
The Postwar Western Labor Problem	518	(3)
Land Use in an Expanding Nation	521	(3)
Buying Territory for the Union	524	(1)
The Republican Vision and Its Limits	525	(7)
Postbellum Origins of the Woman Suffrage Movement	526	(1)
Workers' Organizations	527	(3)
Political Corruption and the Decline of Republican Idealism	530	(2)
Conclusion	532	(1)
Sites to Visit	532	(2)
Interpreting History A Southern Labor Contract	509	(5)
Connecting History Two Presidents Impeached	514	(6)
Mapping History Great Salt Lake Basin	520	(14)
PART SIX The Emergence of Modern America, 1877--1900	534	(106)
Standardizing the Nation: Innovations in Technology, Business, and Culture, 1877--1890	536	(34)
The New Shape of Business	539	(9)
New Systems and Machines---and Their Price	540	(2)
Alterations in the Natural Environment	542	(1)
Innovations in Financing and Organizing Business	543	(2)
New Labor Supplies for a New Economy	545	(3)
Efficient Machines, Efficient People	548	(7)
The Birth of a National Urban Culture	549	(1)
Economic Sources of Urban Growth	550	(1)
Building the Cities	551	(4)
Local Government Gets Bigger	555	(4)
Thrills, Chills, and Bathtubs: The Emergence of Consumer Culture	556	(1)
Shows as Spectacles	556	(2)
Entertainment Collides with Tradition	558	(1)
``Palaces of Consumption''	559	(7)
Defending the New Industrial Order	562	(1)
The Contradictory Politics of Laissez-Faire	563	(3)
Social Darwinism and the ``Natural'' State of Society	566	(1)
Conclusion	566	(2)
Sites to Visit	568	(1)
For Further Reading	569	(1)
Mapping History Chicago, Illinois, and Gary, Indiana	554	(6)
Connecting History Persuading People to Buy: Advertising in American History	560	(7)
Interpreting History Andrew Carnegie and the ``Gospel of Wealth''	567	(3)
Challenges to Government and Corporate Power: Resistance and Reform, 1877--1890	570	(34)
Resistance to Legal and Military Authority	573	(11)
Chinese Lawsuits in California	573	(3)
Blacks in the ``New South''	576	(3)
``Jim Crow'' in the West	579	(1)
The Ghost Dance on the High Plains	580	(4)
Revolt in the Workplace	584	(10)
Trouble on the Farm	585	(3)
Militancy in the Factories and Mines	588	(5)
The Haymarket Bombing	593	(1)
Crosscurrents of Reform	594	(7)
The Goal of Indian Assimilation	596	(3)
Transatlantic Networks of Reform	599	(1)
Women Reformers: ``Beginning to Burst the Bonds''	599	(2)
Conclusion	601	(1)
Sites to Visit	602	(1)
For Further Reading	603	(1)
Mapping History Lower Mississippi Valley	578	(12)
Connecting History Rural Protests and Rebellions	590	(5)
Interpreting History ``Albert Parsons's Plea for Anarchy''	595	(9)
Political and Cultural Conflict in a Decade of Depression and War: The 1890s	604	(36)
Frontiers at Home, Lost and Found	607	(9)
Claiming and Managing the Land	608	(2)
The Tyranny of Racial Categories	610	(2)
New Roles for Schools	612	(3)
Connections Between Consciousness and Behavior	615	(1)
The Search for Alliances	616	(11)
Class Conflict	616	(4)
Rise and Demise of the Populists	620	(1)
Barriers to a U.S. Workers' Political Movement	621	(2)
Challenges to Traditional Gender Roles	623	(4)
American Imperialism	627	(9)
Cultural Encounters with the Exotic	627	(1)
Initial Imperialist Ventures	628	(2)
The Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War of 1898	630	(4)
Critics of Imperialism	634	(2)
Conclusion	636	(2)
Sites to Visit	638	(1)
For Further Reading	638	(2)
Mapping History Coeur d'Alene and Northern Idaho/Western Montana	618	(12)
Connecting History The Modern Olympic Games	630	(6)
Interpreting History Proceedings of the Congressional Committee on the Philippines	636	(4)
PART Seven Reform at Home, Revolution Abroad, 1900--1929	640	(96)
The Promise and Perils of Progressive Reform, 1900--1912	642	(32)
Migration and Immigration: The Changing Face of the Nation	646	(9)
The Heartland: Land of Newcomers	647	(1)
The Southwest: Mexican Borderlands	648	(2)
Asian Immigration and the Impact of Exclusion	650	(3)
Newcomers from Southern and Eastern Europe	653	(2)
Work, Science, and Leisure	655	(6)
Reform and Science: An Uneasy Alliance	655	(2)
Scientific Management and Mass Production	657	(1)
New Amusements	658	(2)
``Sex O'Clock in America''	660	(1)
Artists Respond to the New Era	661	(1)
Reformers and Radicals	661	(5)
Muckraking, Moral Reform, and Vice Crusades	662	(2)
Women's Suffrage	664	(1)
Radical Politics and the Labor Movement	664	(1)
Resistance to Racism	665	(1)
Expanding National Power	666	(5)
The ``Rough Rider'' as President	666	(1)
Protecting and Preserving the Natural World	667	(1)
Expanding National Power Abroad	668	(1)
William Howard Taft: The One-Term Progressive	669	(2)
Conclusion	671	(1)
Sites to Visit	672	(1)
For Further Reading	672	(2)
Connecting History Rose Freedman	645	(4)
Mapping History Northeast Minnesota and Northwest Wisconsin	649	(9)
Interpreting History Defining Whiteness	658	(16)
War and Revolution, 1912--1920	674	(32)
A World in Upheaval	676	(8)
The Apex of European Conquest	677	(1)
Confronting Revolutions Abroad	677	(3)
Conflicts over Hierarchies at Home	680	(4)
The Great War and American Neutrality	684	(6)
``The One Great Nation at Peace''	684	(1)
Reform Priorities at Home	685	(3)
The Great Migration	688	(1)
Limits to American Neutrality	689	(1)
The United States Goes to War	690	(7)
The Logic of Belligerency	690	(2)
Mobilizing the Home Front	692	(1)
Ensuring Unity	693	(1)
The War in Europe	694	(3)
The Struggle to Win the Peace	697	(6)
Peacemaking and the Versailles Treaty	698	(2)
Waging Counterrevolution Abroad	700	(2)
The Red and Black Scares at Home	702	(1)
Conclusion	703	(1)
Sites to Visit	704	(1)
For Further Reading	705	(1)
Mapping History The Four Corners Region	683	(13)
Interpreting History African American Women in the Great War	696	(5)
Connecting History The League of Nations and International Security	701	(5)
The Promise of Consumer Culture: The 1920s	706	(30)
The Business of Politics	708	(3)
Warren G. Harding: The Politics of Scandal	708	(1)
Calvin Coolidge: The Hands-Off President	709	(1)
Herbert Hoover: The Self-Made President	710	(1)
The Decline of Reform	711	(4)
Women's Rights After the Struggle for Suffrage	711	(1)
Prohibition: The Experiment That Failed	712	(1)
Reactionary Impulses	713	(2)
Marcus Garvey and the Persistence of Civil Rights Activism	715	(1)
Hollywood and Harlem: National Cultures in Black and White	715	(8)
Hollywood Comes of Age	716	(4)
The Harlem Renaissance	720	(2)
Radios and Autos: Transforming Leisure at Home	722	(1)
Science on Trial	723	(5)
The Great Flood of 1927	724	(1)
The Triumph of Eugenics: Buck v. Bell	724	(2)
Science, Religion, and the Scopes Trial	726	(2)
Consumer Dreams and Nightmares	728	(5)
Marketing the Good Life	728	(1)
Writers, Critics, and the ``Lost Generation''	729	(1)
Poverty Amid Plenty	730	(2)
The Stock Market Crash	732	(1)
Conclusion	733	(1)
Sites to Visit	734	(1)
For Further Reading	735	(1)
Connecting History The Globalization of American Popular Culture	716	(3)
Mapping History Los Angeles and Its Environs	719	(14)
Interpreting History F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby	733	(3)
PART EIGHT From Depression and War to World Power, 1929--1953	736	(102)
Hardship and Hope in the 1930s: The Great Depression	738	(34)
The Great Depression	740	(6)
Causes of the Crisis	741	(2)
``We Are Not Bums''	743	(1)
Surviving Hard Times	743	(2)
The Dust Bowl	745	(1)
Presidential Responses to the Depression	746	(6)
Herbert Hoover: Tackling the Crisis	747	(3)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt: The Pragmatist	750	(2)
``Nothing to Fear but Fear Itself''	752	(1)
The New Deal	752	(13)
The First Hundred Days	753	(3)
Monumental Projects Transforming the Landscape	756	(2)
Protest and Pressure from the Left and the Right	758	(3)
Eleanor Roosevelt: Activist and First Lady	761	(1)
The Second New Deal	761	(3)
FDR's Second Term	764	(1)
A New Political Culture	765	(3)
The Labor Movement	765	(1)
The New Deal Coalition	766	(1)
A New Americanism	767	(1)
Conclusion	768	(1)
Sites to Visit	769	(1)
For Further Reading	770	(2)
Interpreting History Songs of the Great Depression	748	(2)
Connecting History Presidents and the Media	750	(7)
Mapping History Las Vegas/Hoover Dam Area	757	(15)
Global Conflict: World War II, 1937--1945	772	(34)
Mobilizing for War	775	(3)
The Rise of Fascism	775	(1)
Aggression in Europe and Asia	776	(1)
The Great Debate: Americans Contemplate War	776	(2)
Pearl Harbor: The United States Enters the War	778	(6)
December 7, 1941	779	(2)
Japanese American Relocation	781	(2)
Foreign Nationals in the United States	783	(1)
Wartime Migrations	783	(1)
The Home Front	784	(5)
Building Morale	784	(3)
Home Front Workers, Rosie the Riveter, and Victory Girls	787	(2)
Race and War	789	(6)
The Holocaust	789	(2)
Racial Tensions at Home	791	(1)
Fighting for the ``Double V''	792	(3)
Total War	795	(7)
The War in Europe	795	(2)
The War in the Pacific	797	(2)
The End of the War	799	(3)
Conclusion	802	(1)
Sites to Visit	803	(1)
For Further Reading	804	(2)
Mapping History Hawaii	780	(14)
Interpreting History Zelda Webb Anderson, ``You Just Met One Who Does Not Know How to Cook''	794	(6)
Connecting History The Atomic Bomb: Political and Cultural Fallout	800	(6)
Cold War and Hot War, 1945--1953	806	(32)
The Uncertainties of Victory	808	(7)
Global Destruction	808	(1)
Vacuums of Power	809	(2)
Postwar Reconversion	811	(1)
Contesting Racial Hierarchies	812	(2)
Class Conflict	814	(1)
The Quest for Security	815	(7)
Redefining National Security	815	(1)
Conflict with the Soviet Union	816	(2)
The Policy of Containment	818	(2)
Colonialism and the Cold War	820	(1)
The Impact of Nuclear Weapons	821	(1)
A Cold War Society	822	(6)
Family Lives	823	(2)
The Growth of the South and the West	825	(1)
Harry Truman and the Limits of Liberal Reform	825	(1)
The Cold War at Home	826	(1)
Who Is a Loyal American?	827	(1)
The United States and Asia	828	(8)
The Chinese Civil War	829	(1)
The Creation of the National Security State	830	(3)
At War in Korea	833	(3)
Conclusion	836	(1)
Sites to Visit	836	(1)
For Further Reading	837	(1)
Connecting History The Origins of the Cold War	818	(13)
Interpreting History NSC-68	831	(1)
Mapping History Washington, D.C.	832	(6)
PART NINE The Cold War at Full Tide, 1953--1979	838	(100)
Domestic Dreams and Atomic Nightmares, 1953--1963	840	(34)
Cold War, Warm Hearth	842	(9)
Consumer Spending and the Suburban Ideal	845	(1)
Race, Class, and Domesticity	846	(3)
Women: Back to the Future	849	(2)
The Civil Rights Movement	851	(5)
Brown v. Board of Education	852	(1)
White Resistance, Black Persistence	853	(1)
Boycotts and Sit-Ins	854	(2)
The Eisenhower Years	856	(6)
The Middle of the Road	856	(2)
``What's Good for General Motors...''	858	(1)
Eisenhower's Foreign Policy	859	(3)
Outsiders and Opposition	862	(3)
Youth, Sex, and Rock `n' Roll	863	(1)
Rebellious Men	864	(1)
Mobilizing for Peace and the Environment	864	(1)
The Kennedy Era	865	(7)
Domestic Policy	866	(2)
Foreign Policy	868	(1)
A Year of Turning Points	869	(3)
Conclusion	872	(1)
Sites to Visit	872	(1)
For Further Reading	873	(1)
Mapping History The Texas-Louisiana Coast	857	(10)
Interpreting History Rachel Carson, Silent Spring	867	(3)
Connecting History Anticommunism	870	(4)
The Nation Divides: The Vietnam War and Social Conflict, 1964--1971	874	(32)
Lyndon Johnson and the Apex of Liberalism	876	(6)
The New President	876	(1)
The Great Society: Fighting Poverty and Discrimination	877	(2)
The Great Society: Improving the Quality of Life	879	(2)
The Liberal Warren Court	881	(1)
Into War in Vietnam	882	(7)
The Vietnamese Revolution and the United States	882	(1)
Johnson's War	883	(2)
Americans in Southeast Asia	885	(3)
1968: The Turning Point	888	(1)
The Movement	889	(10)
From Civil Rights to Black Power	889	(3)
The New Left and the Struggle Against the War	892	(1)
Cultural Rebellion and the Counterculture	893	(2)
Women's Liberation	895	(2)
The Many Fronts of Liberation	897	(2)
The Conservative Response	899	(5)
Backlashes	900	(1)
The Turmoil of 1968 at Home	901	(1)
The Nixon Administration	902	(1)
Escalating and Deescalating in Vietnam	903	(1)
Conclusion	904	(1)
Sites to Visit	904	(1)
For Further Reading	905	(1)
Connecting History Coming to America	880	(11)
Interpreting History Martin Luther King Jr. and the Vietnam War	891	(3)
Mapping History The San Francisco Bay Area	894	(12)
Reconsidering National Priorities, 1972--1979	906	(32)
Twin Shocks: Detente and Watergate	909	(7)
Triangular Diplomacy	909	(3)
Scandal in the White House	912	(1)
The Nation After Watergate	913	(3)
Discovering the Limits of the U.S. Economy	916	(6)
The End of the Long Boom	916	(2)
The Oil Embargo	918	(1)
The Environmental Movement	919	(3)
Reshuffling Politics	922	(9)
Congressional Power Reasserted	922	(3)
``I Will Never Lie to You''	925	(1)
Rise of a Peacemaker	926	(2)
The War on Waste	928	(3)
Diffusing the Women's Movement	931	(4)
The Meanings of Women's Liberation	931	(1)
New Opportunities in Education, the Workplace, and Family Life	932	(1)
Equality Under the Law	933	(1)
Backlash	934	(1)
Conclusion	935	(1)
Sites to Visit	936	(1)
For Further Reading	937	(1)
Connecting History Energy Use in the United States	920	(4)
Interpreting History The Church Committee and CIA Covert Operations	924	(5)
Mapping History Alaska	929	(9)
PART TEN Global Connections, at Home and Abroad: New Threats and Possibilities, 1979--2004	938	(2)
The Cold War Returns---and Ends, 1979--1991	940	(32)
Anticommunism Revived	942	(5)
Iran and Afghanistan	942	(2)
The Conservative Victory of 1980	944	(1)
Renewing the Cold War	945	(2)
Republican Rule at Home	947	(7)
``Reaganomics'' and the Assault on Welfare	947	(1)
An Embattled Environment	948	(2)
A Society Divided	950	(4)
Cultural Conflict	954	(7)
The Rise of the Religious Right	955	(3)
Dissenters Push Back	958	(1)
The New Immigration	959	(2)
The End of the Cold War	961	(9)
From Cold War to Detente	962	(1)
The Iran-Contra Scandal	963	(2)
A Global Police?	965	(5)
Conclusion	970	(1)
Sites to Visit	970	(1)
For Further Reading	971	(1)
Connecting History Is Material Success Corrupting?	952	(4)
Interpreting History Religion and Politics in the 1980s	956	(4)
Mapping History Southern Florida	960	(12)
Post--Cold War America, 1991--2000	972	(30)
The Economy: Global and Domestic	975	(5)
The Post--Cold War Economy	975	(2)
The Widening Gap Between Rich and Poor	977	(2)
Labor Unions	979	(1)
Tolerance and Its Limits	980	(5)
``We Can All Get Along''	980	(1)
Values in Conflict	981	(2)
Courtroom Dramas	983	(1)
The Changing Face of Diversity	984	(1)
Violence and Danger	985	(3)
Domestic Terrorism	985	(1)
Kids Who Kill	986	(1)
A Healthy Nation?	987	(1)
The Clinton Presidency	988	(3)
Clinton: The New Democrat	988	(1)
Clinton's Domestic Agenda and the ``Republican Revolution''	989	(1)
The Impeachment Crisis	990	(1)
The Nation and the World	991	(4)
Trade Agreements	991	(2)
Efforts at Peacemaking	993	(1)
Military Interventions and International Terrorism	994	(1)
The Contested Election of 2000	995	(4)
The Campaign, the Vote, and the Courts	995	(3)
The Aftermath	998	(1)
Legacies of Election 2000	999	(1)
Conclusion	999	(1)
Sites to Visit	1000	(1)
For Further Reading	1001	(1)
Mapping History Front Range, Rocky Mountains	976	(6)
Interpreting History Vermont Civil Union Law	982	(14)
Connecting History Voting	996	(6)
A Global Nation for the New Millennium	1002	(2)
The George W. Bush Administration	1004	(7)
The President and the War on Terrorism	1004	(1)
Security and Politics at Home	1005	(2)
The War in Iraq	1007	(3)
The Election of 2004	1010	(1)
America's Place in a Global Economy	1011	(7)
The Logic and Technology of Globalization	1012	(2)
Free Trade and the Global Assembly Line	1014	(2)
Who Benefits from Globalization?	1016	(2)
The Stewardship of Natural Resources	1018	(5)
Ecological Transformations	1018	(3)
Pollution	1021	(1)
Environmentalism and Its Limitations	1022	(1)
The Expansion of American Popular Culture Abroad	1023	(5)
A Culture of Diversity and Entertainment	1024	(1)
U.S. Influence Abroad Since the Cold War	1025	(1)
Resistance to American Popular Culture	1025	(3)
Identity in Contemporary America	1028	(4)
Negotiating Multiple Identities	1029	(1)
Social Change and Abiding Discrimination	1030	(1)
Still an Immigrant Society	1031	(1)
Conclusion	1032	(1)
Sites to Visit	1033	(1)
For Further Reading	1034
Connecting History The Internet and the World Wide Web	1012	(7)
Mapping History Puget Sound and Western Washington	1019	(7)
Interpreting History The Slow Food Movement	1026
Appendix	1	(1)
The Declaration of Independence	3	(2)
The Article of Confederation	5	(3)
The Constitution of the United States of America	8	(5)
Amendments to the Constitution	13	(4)
Presidential Elections	17	(3)
Mapping History in the United States	20	(2)
Present Day World	22
Glossary	1	(1)
Credits	1	(1)
Index	1