Creating America Reading and Writing Arguments

by Moser, Joyce P.; Watters, Ann

• ISBN13: 9780131443860
• ISBN10: 0131443860
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-07-15
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Thematic argument reader with rhetoric (writing guide) on arguments presents selections and images that depict the political and social changes in America from the Revolutionary War to the twenty-first century. Its argumentative focus will teach readers how to persuade others through written words and visual ideas.High Interest topics including 27 new essays, 4 films, and 10 advertisements/pieces of art; information on visual arguments and online research; an in-depth examination of one country's culture within a range of cultures over time.For persuasive writers.

Table of Contents

Alternative/Rhetorical Table of Contents	xxi
Preface	xxv
PART I Contexts for Reading and Writing Arguments
Chapter 1: Arguments in American Cultures	1	(6)
Reading American Cultures	1	(1)
Persuasion	2	(5)
Persuasion and American Cultures	3	(4)
Chapter 2: The Art and Craft of Persuasion	7	(42)
Persuasion and Audience	8	(14)
Rhetor and Audience	8	(1)
Audiences and Cultures	8	(1)
Audiences from Other Times	9	(1)
Audiences and Appeals: Ethos, Pathos, and Logos	9	(7)
Errors in Logic	16	(2)
Understanding Persuasion in Practice	18	(4)
Persuasion in Diverse Genres	22	(10)
Essays	22	(2)
Fiction and Poetry	24	(1)
Legal Cases	25	(1)
Visual Rhetoric	26	(6)
Student Essay on Visual Persuasion: "Modern Advertising and the Curious Allure of Clothing We Would Never Wear" by Jordan Blackthorne	32	(6)
Films	34	(4)
Analyzing an Image	38	(1)
Student Essay on Visual Persuasion: "Persuasiveness in 'Saigon Execution'" by Ray Tsao	38	(2)
Elements of Persuasion	40	(5)
Assumptions and Assertions	41	(1)
Examples	42	(2)
Refutation	44	(1)
Student Essay on Analyzing Refutation: "Refutation in Brown v. Board of Education" by William West	45	(4)
Chapter 3: Writing Essays	49	(40)
Essay Development	49	(8)
Techniques for Developing Essays	50	(2)
Developing a Core Assertion: The Thesis Statement	52	(3)
Organizing and Drafting the Essay	55	(1)
Revising the Draft	56	(1)
Organizing Tools	57	(3)
Outlines	57	(1)
Index Cards and Notebooks	58	(1)
Laptops and Computers	59	(1)
Sample Essays	59	(1)
Expository Essay: "A Korean Discovers New York" by Younghill Kang	60	(5)
Analytical Essay: "I Want Out" by Erica Heiman	65	(7)
Analytical Essay: "Affirmative Action in Context" by Cornel West	72	(4)
Student Writing Process and Essay on "Hasten the Homecoming"	76	(13)
Outline	76	(3)
Draft	79	(4)
Revision	83	(4)
Reflection	87	(2)
Chapter 4: Research	89	(26)
Integrating Research into Writing	89	(26)
Beginning the Process	91	(2)
Gathering Information	93	(1)
Using On-line Resources in Research	94	(1)
Strategies for Internet Research	95	(2)
Using Library Sources	97	(7)
Focusing the Search	104	(1)
Working with Sources	105	(3)
Writing Drafts	108	(1)
Documentation	109	(4)
Internet and World Wide Web Sources	113	(1)
Example of Web Site Citations in MLA and APA	113	(1)
Helpful Web Sites	113	(2)
PART II Argument in the American Tradition
Chapter 5: Identities	115	(56)
American Identities through History	116	(3)
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
"Join, or Die" (1754)	119	(2)
Franklin's eighteenth-century woodcut, reportedly the first American cartoon.
ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE
"Origin of the Anglo-Americans" (1839)	121	(5)
An introductory chapter to the renowned work Democracy in America.
HOWARD CHANDLER CHRISTY
"Victory Liberty Loan" (1919)	126	(3)
An early-twentieth-century poster designed to garner financial support for World War I.
LUTHER STANDING BEAR
"What the Indian Means to America" (1933)	129	(5)
An American Indian's view of the conflict of Anglo and Indian cultures.
RALPH ELLISON
Prologue to Invisible Man (1947)	134	(4)
A fictional representation of an African American's experience in the dominant culture.
JOHN F. KENNEDY
"Inaugural Address" (1961)	138	(4)
A speech that powerfully invoked a national call to service.
ARTHUR M. SCHLESINGER, JR.
"The Cult of Ethnicity" (1991)	142	(4)
An educator and a historian reflects on America's multiethnic heritage.
JEANNE WAKATSUKI HOUSTON
"A Tapestry of Hope" (1994)	146	(5)
The importance of maintaining a cohesive American identity.
MARTHA SERRANO
"Chicana" (1994)	151	(2)
A student writer reflects on how her identity is defined.
CRAIG FRAZER, CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO
"America: Open for Business" (2001)	153	(2)
Ubiquitous patriotic image following 9/11.
RICHARD RODRIGUEZ
"Disunited We Stand" (2001)	155	(4)
A prominent writer reflects on the strength in America's diversity post-9/11.
DINESH D'SOUZA
"In Praise of American Empire" (2002)	159	(3)
An essay that, as its title suggests, notes the benefits of American might and policy.
KEVIN PHILLIPS
"Hegemony, Hubris, and Overreach" (2003)	162	(6)
A political analyst explores historical precedents of America's overreach in the Iraq war.
FILM
Bowling for Columbine (2002)	168	(10)
Michael Moore's nonfiction film examining America's culture of fear, its media, and its violence.
Writing Assignments	169	(1)
Web Sites for Further Exploration	170	(1)
Chapter 6: American Dreams	171	(68)
American Dreams through History	172	(6)
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
From the Autobiography (1771)	178	(6)
The most popular founding father makes his entrance into American history.
ANDREW CARNEGIE
"Wealth" (1889)	184	(3)
A very rich man discusses how rich people should get rid of their money for the sake of their own families and the public good.
SUI SIN FAR
"In the Land of the Free" (c. 1900)	187	(9)
A Chinese immigrant family's expectations are tragically thwarted.
LANGSTON HUGHES
"Let America Be America Again" (1938)	196	(3)
"O, let America be America again-The land that never has been yet-And yet must be-the land where every man is free."
MARGARET ROURKE-WHITE
"There's No Way like the American Way" (1937)	199	(3)
A great photographer's ironic Depression-era photograph.
LANGSTON HUGHES
"Harlem" (1951)	202	(1)
Hughes revises the hopeful tone of "Let America Be America Again."
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.
"I Have a Dream" (1963)	203	(5)
"When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed...life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."
WITOLD RYBCZYNSKI
"Tomorrowland" (1997)	208	(4)
A scholar of homes and lifestyles visits the Disney community of Celebration.
JACOB WEISBERG
"United Shareholders of America" (1998)	212	(3)
An essay on the role of the shareholder-citizen in American democracy-self-sufficient and individualistic, but perhaps to the detriment of civic virtue.
ROBERT D. PUTNAM
From Bowling Alone (2000)	215	(6)
A challenge to Americans to be good citizens and good neighbors.
EDWARD HOPPER
Office in a Small City (1953)	221	(1)
One of Hopper's famous and beautiful studies of urban isolation.
CHRIS COUNTRYMAN
"Structured Appeal: Let America Be America Again" (1997)	222	(3)
A college student analyzes the Langston Hughes poem.
CLAYBORNE CARSON
"Looking Back at the March-40 Years Later" (2003)	225	(3)
"For the first nineteen years of my life, nothing much happened. Then my life merged with history."
JON GERTNER
"The Futile Search for Happiness" (2003)	228	(6)
"It's not that you can't always get what you want. It's that you can't always know what you want."
FILM
Citizen Kane (1941)	234	(10)
The spectacular financial success and spiritual failure of Charles Foster Kane, in Orson Welles' great movie.
Writing Assignments	236	(1)
Web Sites for Further Exploration	237	(2)
Chapter 7: Images of Gender and Family	239	(76)
Gender and Family in American History	240	(4)
Keep within Compass (ca. 1790)	244	(3)
An eighteenth-century etching urging "proper" behavior for women.
GAIL COLLINS
"African American Women: Life in Bondage" (2003)	247	(9)
This selection is from America's Women: 400 Years of Dolls, Drudges, Helpmates, and Heroines.
MARY GARRETT HAY
"The Political Woman" (1903)	256	(3)
An early campaigner for equal rights reflects on the need for women in politics.
"Enlist: On Which Side of the Window Are YOU?" (1917)	259	(2)
An American World War I recruiting poster.
"More Help for Busy Mothers" (1925)	261	(2)
A Fuller Brush advertisement.
JUDGE WILNER
Rusk v. State: Court of Special Appeals of Maryland, 406 A. 2d 624 (1979)	263	(7)
Arguments in the noted "date rape" case.
THOMAS STODDARD
"Marriage Is a Fundamental Right" (1989)	270	(3)
An argument on behalf of marriage between same-sex partners.
BRUCE FEIN
"Reserve Marriage for Heterosexuals" (1990)	273	(2)
An argument against same-sex marriage.
MARIAN WRIGHT EDELMAN
"A Family Legacy" (1992)	275	(6)
A letter to her children and others acknowledging the power of family and community.
MARY PIPHER
"Saplings in the Storm" (1994)	281	(11)
A psychologist examines reasons why young women's voices become silenced.
DANIEL J. KINDLON AND MICHAEL THOMPSON
"The Culture of Cruelty" (2000)	292	(9)
The authors discuss cultural images of masculinity and their effects on growing boys.
ESTELLE B. FREEDMAN
"Expanding the Definition: Sexual Harrassment and Domestic Violence" (2002)	301	(7)
A historian contextualizes issues of sexual politics.
MIKE HIPOLITO
"Got Harvey Milk?: Supporting the Mission of a New York City High School" (2003)	308	(3)
A student argument on this controversial school.
FILM
Mi Familia (My Family) (1995)	311	(9)
A story of three generations of a Mexican American family in Southern California.
Writing Assignments	312	(2)
Web Sites for Further Exploration	314	(1)
Chapter 8: Work and Play	315	(70)
Work and Play through History	317	(3)
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
From Autobiography (1771)	320	(4)
An authentic American genius experiments on his own character.
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN
From Women and Economics (1898)	324	(3)
"Each woman born, re-humanized by the current of race activity carried on by her father and re-womanized by her traditional position, has had to live over again in her own person the same process of restriction, repression, denial."
ANONYMOUS
"Young Women Picking Tobacco Leaves" (1922)	327	(2)
A harsh view of unskilled and backbreaking labor.
RUSSELL LEE
"Three Women at a Parachute Plant in San Diego, California" (1940's)	329	(2)
American women handle a new role during World War II.
"Advertisement of Wife and Her New Gibson Ultra 600 Electric Range" (1950's)	331	(2)
A new appliance brings extraordinary happiness.
ELLEN LUPTON
"Office Politics" (1993)	333	(3)
The social and cultural consequences of women in the office.
STUDS TERKEL
From Working (1972)	336	(6)
An interview with Mr. Bates, a stone mason.
ALFRED LUBRANO
"Bricklayer's Boy" (1989)	342	(5)
A white-collar son explores his estrangement from his blue-collar father.
BARBARA EHRENREICH
"Serving in Florida" (2000)	347	(7)
A successful writer takes minimum wage jobs to see how other Americans manage.
LEONARD KOPPETT
From Sports Illusion, Sports Reality (1994)	354	(6)
A sports writer and historian suggests that amateurism in college sports is really "the institutionalization of hypocrisy."
KATIE NORRIS
"Sports, Body Image, and the American Girl" (2000)	360	(4)
A student's essay on peer pressure, eating disorders, and the way young American women see themselves.
C.W. NEVIUS
"The Cost of High Stakes on Little League Games" (2000)	364	(4)
What happens when children's sports become too important to the parents.
JOHN ROWS, MARISA ROWE, AND SABTN STREETER
"The High School Basketball Coach" (2000)	368	(7)
A passionately involved coach finds ways to win.
DAN GABLE
"What to Do with Title IX" (2002)	375	(2)
An Olympic wrestling champion says Title IX is hurting men's small team sports.
NANCY HOGSHEAD-MAKAR
"The Ongoing Battle over Title IX" (2002)	377	(4)
An Olympic swimming champion says Title IX is being attacked for all the wrong reasons.
FILM
Jerry Maguire (1997)	381	(10)
The moral redemption of a sports agent.
Writing Assignments	383	(1)
Web Sites for Further Exploration	383	(2)
Chapter 9: Justice and Civil Liberties	385	(74)
Justice and Civil Liberties through History	386	(5)
THOMAS JEFFERSON
"The Declaration of Independence" (1776)	391	(6)
"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."
HENRY DAVID THOREAU
From Civil Disobedience (1850)	397	(8)
"It is not desirable to cultivate a respect for the law, so much as a respect for the right. The only obligation which I have a right to assume, is to do at any time what I think right."
FREDERICK DOUGLASS
"Independence Day Speech at Rochester" (1852)	405	(5)
"The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence bequeathed by your fathers is shared by you, not by me."
SUSAN B. ANTHONY
"Women's Right to Vote" (1873)	410	(8)
"The only question left to be settled now is: Are women persons? I scarcely believe any of our opponents will have the hardihood to say they are not. Being persons, then, women are citizens."
U.S. SUPREME COURT
Plessy v. Ferguson (1894)	418	(4)
"If the civil and political rights of both races be equal, one cannot be inferior to the other civilly or politically. If one race be inferior to the other socially, the Constitution of the United States cannot put them on the same plane."
EUDORA WELTY
Dolls (1935)	422	(2)
This photograph graphically represents the pain of prejudice in the image of two African American girls-clutching white dolls.
U.S. SUPREME COURT
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)	424	(4)
"Does segregation of children in public schools, solely on the basis of race...deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does."
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.
"Letter from Birmingham Jail" (1963)	428	(16)
"For years now I have heard the word 'Wait!' It rings in the ears of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This 'Wait' has almost always meant never."
ALAN M . DERSHOWITZ
"What Is Hate Speech?" (1993)	444	(4)
A famous lawyer's defense of the right to be nasty.
VICKI CHIANG
"Libraries, the Internet, and Freedom of Speech" (2000)	448	(4)
A student's argument for Internet access as a public venue.
STEVE LOHR
"In the Age of the Internet, Whatever Will Be Will Be Free" (2003)	452	(3)
Technology challenges our ideas of free speech and forces us to reexamine them.
FILM
To Kill a Mockingbird (1962)	455	(8)
Courage, injustice, and fear in a segregated southern town, seen through the eyes of an eight-year-old girl.
Writing Assignments	456	(1)
Web Sites for Further Exploration	457	(2)
Chapter 10: War and the Enemy	459	(70)
War and the Enemy through History	460	(3)
THOMAS PAINE
"These Are the Times That Try Men's Souls" (1776)	463	(3)
A Revolutionary War "barn burner" calling patriots to action.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
"The Gettysburg Address" (1863)	466	(2)
Lincoln's concise and memorable dedication at Gettysburg.
MARK TWAIN
"The War Prayer" (1904-1905)	468	(3)
An ironic short story.
H.R. HOPPS
"Destroy This Mad Brute" (1917)	471	(2)
A poster characterizing the German enemy.
"Deliver Us from Evil" (ca. 1940)	473	(2)
World War II anti-Nazi poster.
FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT
"Pearl Harbor Address" (1941)	475	(2)
Roosevelt's speech stirring a nation to action and calling for America's entry into World War II.
EDWARD T. ADAMS
"Saigon Execution" (1969)	477	(2)
This famed photograph of a summary execution won the Pulitzer Prize for news photography.
HUYNH CONG "NICK" UT
"The Terror of War" (1973)	479	(2)
This Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph captures the suffering of the children of war.
JACQUELINE NAVARRA RHOADS
"Nurses in Vietnam" (1987)	481	(12)
A nurse's first-person account of her experience in Vietnam.
PAUL FUSSELL
"Type-Casting" (1989)	493	(14)
A discussion of how we create images of friends and enemies alike through stereotyping.
NEIL A. VAN OS
"Propaganda in Roosevelt's 'Pearl Harbor Address'" (2000)	507	(4)
A student writer analyzes FDR's call to action.
GEORGE W. BUSH
"Address to Joint Session of Congress" (2001)	511	(8)
The President's post-9/11 speech on America's response to "the evildoers."
THOMAS FRIEDMAN
"The Real War" (2001)	519	(3)
A journalist who writes frequently about the Middle East assesses the sociopolitical landscape.
KATHLEEN LACAMERA
"Listening to the Bad Guys" (2002)	522	(3)
An American expatriot journalist reflects on American perceptions and involvement in Northern Ireland.
FILM
We Were Soldiers (2002)	525	(10)
A film about the Vietnam War, integrating perceptions from both sides of a battle.
Writing Assignments	526	(1)
Web Sites for Further Exploration	527	(2)
Chapter 11: Frontiers	529	(73)
Frontiers through History	530	(5)
MERIWETHER LEWIS AND WILLIAM CLARK
From The Journals of Lewis and Clark (1805)	535	(4)
An excerpt from the extraordinary expedition commissioned by Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase.
MARK TWAIN
From Roughing It (1872)	539	(7)
"We were spinning along through Kansas, and in the course of an hour we were fairly abroad on the great Plains. Just here the land was rolling-a grand sweep of regular elevations and depressions as far as the eye could reach."
ALBERT BIERSTADT
The Last of the Buffalo (1889)	546	(3)
A famous painter of the American West gives us one final look at a magnificent creature on the edge of extinction.
POLICE GAZETTE
"Indian Treachery and Bloodshed" (1891)	549	(3)
"The action teaches us that if the Sioux are of any use at all they should be fairly dealt with, and if not, that they should at once be give free passes to the happy hunting grounds."
FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER
"The Significance of the Frontier in American History" (1893)	552	(9)
"American social development has been continually beginning over again on the frontier. This perennial rebirth, this fluidity of American life, this expansion westward with its new opportunities, its continuous touch with the simplicity of primitive society, furnish the forces dominating the American character."
RICHARD HOFSTADTER
"The Thesis Disputed" (1949)	561	(5)
"It became plain, as new thought and research was brought to bear upon the problem, that the frontier theory, as an analytic device, was a blunt instrument."
"Indian Belle"
crate label (ca. 1920)	566	(2)
A romanticized image of Native Americans becomes an advertisement for California oranges.
WALLACE STEGNER
"Coda: Wilderness Letter" (1960)	568	(5)
Why the idea of the wilderness matters even for people who never set foot in it.
EDWARD ABBEY
"The Great American Desert" (1977)	573	(8)
An extraordinary writer about nature in America explains his love for the "burnt, barren, bold, bright landscape" of the American West.
LOUISE ERDRICH
"Dear John Wayne" (1984)	581	(3)
"August and the drive-in picture is packed. We lounge on the hood of the Pontiac surrounded by the slow-burning spirals they sell at the window, to vanquish the hordes of mosquitoes. Nothing works...."
JONATHAN RABAN
"The Next Last Frontier" (1993)	584	(6)
A contemporary English writer explores the controversy between loggers and environmentalists in the Pacific Northwest.
PATRICIA NELSON LIMERICK
"The Headline Frontier" (1994)	590	(5)
A distinguished historian's rumination on how the media have trivialized the idea of the frontier.
DONALD L. BARTLETT
"Wheel of Misfortune" (2002)	595	(5)
The development of gambling casinos on Indian reservations is supposed to mark the beginning of a profitable time for the tribes, but it's not clear who's making the money.
FILM
Unforgiven (1993)	600	(2)
A film with the elements of traditional Westerns-hero, ladies in distress, gun fighting-both undercuts and revitalizes the mythic frontier.
Writing Assignments	602	(1)
Web Sites for Further Exploration	603	(2)
Acknowledgments	605	(6)
Index of Author and Titles	611	(6)
Index of Rhetorical Terms	617

Excerpts

We developed the fourth edition of Creating Americato provide a book that focuses on argumentation and persuasion in the context of American history and tradition: a book that brings together materials about issues that have always concerned Americans and that Americans continue to revisit and reinterpret. This edition maintains the focus of the previous three editions on argumentation in context. For those of you who are unfamiliar with the structure of the book, we will review it and follow with the most significant additions and changes. Part I, Contexts for Reading and Writing Arguments, is composed of four separate chapters. Chapter One, "Arguments in American Cultures," is an overview of the historical scope, design, and intent of the book. Chapter Two, "The Art and Craft of Persuasion," is a three-part assessment and analysis of distinct persuasive components. The first part of the chapter, "Persuasion and Audience," provides the rhetorical underpinning for argumentation, with explanations-and examples of the relationship between rhetoric and audience, the purpose and effect of Aristotelian appeals, and common uses and abuses of logic. The second section in this chapter, "Persuasion in Diverse Genres," discusses specific genres included in the text--essays, legal cases, fiction, poetry, film, advertisements, speeches, and so on--and illustrates the persuasive elements they share as well as those advantages that are unique to each of them. The final part of the chapter, "Elements of Persuasion," concentrates on those components that all writers use to some degree, such as assertions, examples, assumptions, definitions, and refutations, and that constitute the practical continuum of those underlying rhetorical assumptions discussed in the first part of the chapter. Chapter Two also contains student essays as illustrations: an analysis of visual persuasion in a famous Vietnam War photograph, an analysis of refutation in the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education,and an analysis of an advertisement. Chapters Three and Four are devoted to different but related aspects of essay writing. Chapter Three, "Writing Essays," moves students through the whole writing process, from strategies for prewriting to developing a thesis, organizing an essay, and shaping an argument. In order to concretize these suggestions, we have also included, under the sections which discuss expository, analytical, and argumentative writing, examples of each kind of essay, followed by discussion of their rhetorical and developmental strategies. The expository essay, from the 1920s, is a paean to New York energy by a Korean immigrant--"A Korean Discovers New York." The analytical essay is a student''s deconstruction of a well-known Vietnam antiwar poster which plays off the very famous James Montgomery Flagg World War I poster of Uncle Sam. And in the argumentative essay, a philosopher makes the case for "Affirmative Action in Context." Chapter Four, "Research," is about integrating research into writing. Building on Chapter Three, it guides the student through all the steps of the research process: approaching a topic and gathering information (including online information); strategies for Internet research, search engines, ways of evaluating Web-based information, and sample Web sites; detailed discussions and samples of library sources; and sections on drafting, revision, and documentation. The revisions of Part I include the following: an alternative rhetorical table of contents for instructors who want to assign particular modes of discourse or expression, or varied strategies of development; new photographs and images to illustrate Aristotelian appeals; an expanded section on visual rhetoric, including revised sections on paintings and posters; enlarged sections on photography and advertisements; a new student essay analyzing a contemporary fashion ad; a new section on film techniques and vocabulary to enable students to analyze the persuasive nature of our most pervasive visual idiom; new Web sites devoted to visual persuasion; a revised section on plagiarism; and an expanded section on Internet and Web sources, including examples of Web-site sources that offer guidelines for MLA and APA style, and Web sites helpful to student writers. Teachers integrating the rhetorical material with readings, as well as teachers wishing to use the readings alone and to teach with a different model of argument, such as the Toulmin model, will find a rich range of materials in Part II, "Argument in the American Tradition." Part II offers textual and visual arguments for analysis and discussion. Chapter 5, "Identities," includes a range of materials from early discussions of what is uniquely American to contemporary struggles of building community yet maintaining cultural identity. Chapter 6, "American Dreams," includes selections on both political and material dreams and success. Chapter 7, "Images of Gender and Family," offers different perspectives on what makes a family and what constitutes the particular roles and rights of men, women, and children. Chapter 8, "Work and Play," looks at the business of Americabusiness; and at the business of play, or contemporary American sports. Chapter 9, "Justice and Civil Liberties," brings together core readings and images of American freedoms and the struggles that precede and accompany them. Chapter 10, "War and the Enemy," offers visual and textual arguments about how we idealize our friends and demonize our enemies. Chapter 11, "Frontiers," analyzes both the idea and the reality of the frontier and the West. Each chapter includes an introduction to the core theme or issue. Selections follow, with headnotes for context and background information; journal prompts to guide reflective writing; and questions for discussion and writing, with a focus on analysis and argumentation. In each chapter we include a recommended film that should be available as a video or DVD rental in most colleges or communities. Most chapters also include at least one student essay, generally written in response to a chapter writing suggestion; inclusion of these essays is based on the premise that student Writing is an appropriate focus for analysis and discussion. Part II, Argument in the American Tradition, includes the following revisions and additions: Chapter 5, "Identities," incorporates new selections on American patriotic images, diversity, and hegemony, as well as a new film selection, to give a broader perspective about American identity in the world and to provide a context for discussion. Chapter 6, "American Dreams," has updated articles and illustrations on the American search for happiness, a contemporary look back at Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.''s, "I Have a Dream" speech, the American search for community, and a new film selection. Chapter 7, "Images of Gender and Family," incorporates recent articles that provide a historical context on women and gender from both dominant and nondominant cultures and a recent student essay on marginalized groups. Chapter 8, "Work and Play," includes new illustrations and new articles on office work, minimum wage work, the work of a high school basketball coach, and the future of Title IX. Chapter 9, "Justice and Civil Liberties," includes a new film selection and articles on technological conflicts with constitutional rights, especially with regard to the Internet. Chapter 10, "War and the Enemy," returns to its focus on war and conflict, and responds to the events of 9/11 and the war on terrorism; it also has a new film selection. Chapter 11, "Frontiers," includes a new painting, an excerpt from Lewis and Clark, nature writing by Edward Abbey, and an article on the develo