This interesting and readable book covers a broad range of perspectives on various topics and issues critical to the American criminal justice system. It contains readings from many sources, as well as historical and philosophical approaches to understanding the complexities confronting the field of criminal justice today.The selected readings are organized under four major topical areas: Crime and Justice in America; The Police in America; Adjudication and Sentencing; and Jails, Prisons, and Community-based Corrections.For individuals working withinor simply interested in the American criminal justice system.

Preface

xi

Acknowledgements

ix

SECTION 1: Crime and Justice in America

1

(82)

Introduction

1

(1)

Facts About Crime and Criminals

2

(6)

The Criminal Justice Process

8

(8)

Bureau of Justice Statistics

American Criminal Justice Philosophy: What's Old---What's New?

16

(9)

Curtis R. Blakely

Vic W. Bumphus

Crime and Policy: A Complex Problem

25

(17)

Samuel Walker

Fallacies about Crime

42

(19)

Marcus Felson

Race, Crime, and the Administration of Justice: A Summary of the Available Facts

61

(7)

Christopher Stone

Peeking Over the Rim: What Lies Ahead?

68

(15)

Kenneth J. Peak

SECTION 2: The Police in America

83

(122)

Introduction

83

(2)

Facts About Police

85

(2)

The Development of the American Police: An Historical Overview

87

(15)

Craig D. Uchida

The New Policing: Confronting Complexity

102

(9)

Herman Goldstein

Contemporary Policing in a Community Era

111

(11)

Quint C. Thurman

Police Shootings: Myths and Realities

122

(8)

Roger G. Dunham

Geoffrey P. Alpert

What We Know About Police Use of Force

130

(15)

Kenneth Adams

Learning Police Ethics

145

(13)

Lawrence Sherman

Police Officer Sexual Misconduct: A Field Research Study

158

(12)

Allen D. Sapp

Public Attitudes Toward Police Pursuit Driving: What do Studies on Attitudes Toward Police Pursuit Reveal?

170

(13)

John M. McDonald

Geoffrey P. Alpert

Race-Based Policing: Alternatives for Assessing the Problem

183

(8)

Brian Withrow

Henry Jackson

The Future of Policing in a Community Era

191

(14)

Jihong Zhao

SECTION 3: Adjudication and Sentencing

205

(134)

Introduction

205

(2)

Facts About Courts

207

(5)

Adversarial Justice

212

(11)

Franklin Strier

Taking on Testilying: The Prosecutor's Response to In-Court Police Deception

223

(21)

Larry Cunningham

Capital Murder: A Prosecutor's Personal Observations on the Prosecution of Capital Cases

244

(9)

Ronald J. Sievert

Why Prosecutor's Misbehave

253

(9)

Bennett L. Gershman

The Criminal Lawyer's ``Different Mission'': Reflections on the ``Right'' to Present a False Case

262

(5)

Harry I. Subin

How To Improve the Jury System

267

(5)

Thomas J. Hogan

George E. Mize

Kathleen Clark

Should Juries Nullify Laws They Consider Unjust or Excessively Punitive?

272

(6)

Clay S. Conrad

Nancy King

Truth in Sentencing in State Prisons

278

(30)

Paula M. Ditton

Doris James Wilson

The Impact of Sentencing Guidelines

308

(7)

Dale Parent

Terrence Dunworth

Douglas McDonald

William Rhodes

Therapeutic Jurisprudence and the Emergence of Problem-Solving Courts

315

(9)

Donald Rottman

Pamela Casey

Restoring The Balance: Juvenile and Community Justice

324

(15)

Gordon Bazemore

Susan E. Day

SECTION 4: Jails, Prisons, and Community-Based Corrections

339

(106)

Introduction

339

(2)

Facts About Jails, Prisons and Community Corrections

341

(5)

Life on the Inside: The Jailers, In a Wary World, Battling Tension, Fear---and Stereotypes

346

(6)

Andrew Metz

The Imprisonment of Women in America

352

(18)

Pauline Brennan

The Needs of Elderly Offenders

370

(4)

Dolores Craig-Moreland

Behind Bars: Substance Abuse and America's Prison Population

374

(8)

National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse

Rethinking Assumptions About Boot Camps

382

(12)

Dale Colledge

Jurg Gerber

A Decade of Experimenting With Intermediate Sanctions: What Have We Learned?

394

(11)

Joan Petersilia

The Evolving Role of Parole in the Criminal Justice System

405

(8)

Paul Cromwell

This Man Has Expired: Witness to an Execution

413

(10)

Robert Johnson

Maxxing Out: Imprisonment in an Era of Crime Control

423

(8)

Melissa E. Fenwick

Ophelia the CCW: May 11, 2010

431

(14)

Todd R. Clear

Index

445

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PREFACEThe criminal fascinates us even as he repels us. Like Cain, he is not his brother's keeper. Like the serpent, he tempts us to guilty knowledge and disobedience. He is to men what Lucifer was to the angels, the eternal outcast and rebel, challenging all the assumptions of the moral order and risking heaven to do so. We are dismayed by his often dark and bloody deeds, and we run from him when the sun goes down, leaving the streets of our central cities dark and deserted. But even as we escape in terror, we seek him out in our imagination, as though he held locked within him some dirty secret of our own. He is, after all, a brother, acting out the primitive part in us that we struggle to keep dark. He is hated for being too much like us; he is envied for his freedom and the blessed gift of unrepentance. Ysabel RennieThe purpose of this Second Edition is to provide a comprehensive range of perspectives on topics and issues critical to the study of criminal justice. We have selected readings from many sources, including recent criminal justice research monographs and articles from the professional and academic literature, case studies, sociological, phychological, and criminological analyses, the popular media and literature, as well as historical and philosophical approaches to understanding the complex issues confronting criminal justice today. This interdisciplinary approach provides a broad coverage of the various topics and issues, presented in an interesting and readable format. We believe that the selections will capture the students' and teachers' imagination and help make the fascinating study of criminal justice even more appealing.In this edition we have included 27 new chapters and have updated and revised three others. Others we have left as is. Some of those may appear by their copyright dates to be outdated. We believe, however, that some materials, regardless of their original date of publication, remain valid, vibrant and important contributions to the knowledge base of criminal justice. Lawrence Sherman's brilliant chapter entitled "Learning Police Ethics" is one of these, as is Herman Goldstein's classic paper, "The New Policing: Confronting Complexity." Likewise, Craig Uchida's chapter on the history of policing is not in need of updating. We have retained these and several others for their valuable insights which have not been made obsolete by time or new research.The second edition is divided into four sections or topic areas: (1) Crime and Justice in America; (2) The Police in America; (3) Adjudication and Sentencing; and, (4) Jails, Prisons, and Community-Based Corrections. Each section contains selected discussions and analyses of current issues and problems, ethical consideration, and materials related to criminal justice career opportunities, including employment standards and qualifications, and strategies for pursing employment in the public or private sector of criminal justice. Each section is preceded by brief comments by the editors and is followed by questions to stimulate classroom discussion. In the first edition we included a fifth section on the future of criminal justice, "Looking Toward the 21 st Century." In reorganizing, the book for this second edition we moved those "futures" chapters into the sections in which they were most relevant. Thus, each section now contains one or more chapters in which the possible future directions of the criminal justice system are analyzed and discussed.Crime and Justice in America: Present Realities and Future Prospects, Second Editionalso contains an index to assist the reader in locating topics of interest.This volume may readily be used as a stand-alone text for introductory criminal justice courses or as a supplement to most introductory texts. We have also sought to provide readings that create a balance between theory and practic