Criminal Interrogation and Confessions

by Inbau, Fred E.; Reid, John E.; Buckley, Joseph P.; Jayne, Brian C.

• ISBN13: 9780763747213
• ISBN10: 0763747211
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-03-01
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett

Summary

The Fourth Edition of Criminal Interrogation and Confe ssions presents the Reid Technique of interviewing and interrogation and is the standard used in the field. The  Fourth Edition presents interviewing and interrogation techniques, based on actual criminal cases, which have been used successfully by thousands of criminal investigators. This practical text is built around simple psychological principles and examines interrogation as a nine-step process that is easily understood by students. In October 2003 the Third Edition  of Criminal Interrogation and Confessions was cited in the U.S. Supreme Court case Missouri v. Seibert to clarify interrogation techniques. 

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Introduction	xi
SECTION I INTERVIEWING AND INTERROGATION TECHNIQUES	1	(2)
PART 1 PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS	3	(82)
Distinctions between Interviews and Interrogations	5	(6)
Characteristics of an Interview	5	(2)
Characteristics of an Interrogation	7	(2)
Benefits of Conducting an Interview before an Interrogation	9	(1)
Conclusion	10	(1)
Obtaining and Evaluating Factual Information	11	(14)
Developing the Case Facts	11	(12)
Conclusion	23	(2)
Case Solution Possibilities	25	(16)
Evaluating Possible Motives	26	(2)
Evaluating Characteristics of the Crime	28	(11)
Conclusion	39	(2)
Initial Precautionary Measures for the Protection of the Innocent	41	(10)
Eyewitness Identifications and Motivations for False Accusations	41	(3)
Repressed Memories	44	(2)
Intent Issues	46	(2)
Circumstantial Evidence	48	(3)
Privacy and the Interview Room	51	(14)
Privacy	51	(5)
Minimize Reminders of Consequences	56	(1)
Suggestions for Setting Up the Interview Room	57	(8)
Qualifications, Attitude, and General Conduct of the Investigator	65	(20)
Interviewer Qualifications	66	(1)
Initial Interview Procedures	67	(3)
Investigator Demeanor during an Interview	70	(5)
Interviewing Approaches for Difficult Suspects	75	(3)
Interrogator Qualifications	78	(1)
Investigator Conduct during an Interrogation	79	(5)
Conclusion	84	(1)
PART 2 INTERVIEWING TECHNIQIES	85	(122)
Preparation and Starting the Interview	87	(14)
Formal versus Informal Interviews	87	(2)
Arranging the Formal Interview	89	(2)
Preparing for the Interview	91	(2)
Establishing Rapport	93	(1)
The Use of an Introductory Statement	94	(5)
Conclusion	99	(2)
Formulating Interview Questions	101	(20)
Asking an Initial Open Question	102	(9)
Asking Direct Questions	111	(5)
Asking Follow-Up Questions	116	(3)
Conclusion	119	(2)
Behavior Symptom Analysis	121	(34)
Overview	121	(4)
Underlying Principles of Behavior Analysis	125	(3)
Evaluating the Subject's Attitudes	128	(2)
Evaluation of Verbal Behavior	130	(8)
Evaluation of Paralinguistic Behavior	138	(5)
Evaluation of Nonverbal Behavior	143	(12)
Precautions when Evaluating Behavior Symptoms of Truthful and Untruthful Subjects	155	(18)
Initial Assessment of the Subject	155	(3)
Behaviors Common to Both Truthful and Deceptive Subjects	158	(2)
Factors That May Lead to Misinterpretation of Behavior Symptoms	160	(11)
Conclusion	171	(2)
The Behavior Analysis Interview	173	(20)
Response Models for Behavior-Provoking Questions	173	(11)
Actual Case Presentation	184	(5)
Analyzing the Suspect's Responses	189	(4)
The Use of Specialized Questioning Techniques	193	(14)
The Use of the Baiting Technique	193	(6)
Other Specialized Questioning Techniques	199	(8)
PART 3 INTEROGATION TECHNIQUES	207	(268)
The Reid Nine Steps of Interrogation	209	(190)
General Classification of Offenders	209	(3)
Brief Analysis of the Nine Steps of Interrogation	212	(4)
Preliminary Preparations for Applying the Nine Steps	216	(183)
Step 1---Direct, Positive Confrontation	218	(14)
Step 2---Theme Development	232	(71)
Step 3---Handling Denials	303	(27)
Step 4---Overcoming Objections	330	(7)
Step 5---Procurement and Retention of a Suspect's Attention	337	(8)
Step 6---Handling the Suspect's Passive Mood	345	(7)
Step 7---Presenting an Alternative Question	352	(13)
Step 8---Having the Suspect Orally Relate Various Details of the Offense	365	(9)
Step 9---Converting an Oral Confession into a Written Confession	374	(25)
Recommendations for Interrogators	399	(12)
The Exercise of Patience and Persistence	399	(6)
Interrogation of Witnesses and Other Prospective Informants	405	(6)
Distinguishing between True and False Confessions	411	(38)
Categories of False Confessions	412	(5)
Confession Voluntariness	417	(7)
Confession Trustworthiness	424	(8)
Confession Corroboration	432	(9)
Interrogation Research	441	(5)
Conclusion	446	(3)
Testifying on a Confession	449	(26)
Testimony Preparation	450	(3)
The Court's View of the Witness	453	(4)
The Witness's Behavioral Responses to Questions	457	(6)
Direct Testimony	463	(4)
Cross-Examination	467	(5)
Conclusion	472	(3)
SECTION II THE LAW ON CRIMINAL INTERROGATION AND CONFESSIONS	475	(144)
Interrogation Law	477	(46)
``Picking Up'' a Suspect for Interrogation	477	(7)
Permissible Interrogation Tactics and Techniques	484	(5)
Constitutional Rights and the Responsibilities of the Interrogator	489	(9)
Required Elements for Invocation of Miranda Rights	498	(2)
The Nature, Form, and Requirements of a Waiver of Rights	500	(18)
The Interrogation of Juvenile Suspects	518	(5)
Confession Law	523	(96)
Historical Review of the Tests of Confession Admissibility	523	(19)
Legal Obligations before Conducting an Interrogation	542	(10)
Warnings of Constitutional Rights to Custodial Suspects	552	(42)
Confession Voluntariness	594	(25)
Appendix A---The Behavior Analysis Interview in a Homicide Case	619	(8)
Index	627