Criminal Investigations

by Becker, Ronald F.

• ISBN13: 9780834217119
• ISBN10: 0834217112
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-11-01
• Publisher: Wolters Kluwer

Summary

Provides a solid introduction to the basics of criminal investigation, including underwater investigation, explosion investigation, and forensic and legal considerations of an investigation.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Acknowledgments	xi
Introduction to Criminal Investigation	1	(14)
Fundamentals of Forensic Science	2	(3)
Criminal Investigation and the Scientific Method	5	(2)
Importance of Forensic Evidence	7	(1)
Objectives of an Investigation	8	(1)
Investigator's Role	9	(1)
Selecting Investigators	9	(2)
The Legal Team	11	(1)
Investigations and the Fourth Amendment	11	(1)
Evidence Admissibility	12	(3)
A Brief History of Criminal Investigation	15	(10)
Law Enforcement Developments in London and New York City	16	(2)
The Birth of Scientific Investigation	18	(1)
Scientific Investigation in the United States	19	(1)
The Growth of Forensic Science	20	(5)
Defense Lawyers, Prosecutors, and Investigators	25	(16)
The Defense	25	(7)
The Prosecution	32	(6)
Ethical Testimony	38	(3)
The Crime Scene	41	(39)
First Response	42	(3)
Note Taking	45	(1)
The Five Ws and an H	45	(3)
Use of Notes	48	(1)
The Walk-Through	49	(1)
Recording the Crime Scene	50	(2)
The Crime Scene Sketch	52	(4)
Dry Land Crime Scene Searches	56	(5)
Underwater Crime Scene Searches	61	(11)
Mass Disasters	72	(8)
The Law of Search and Seizure	80	(20)
The U.S. Constitution and Due Process	80	(3)
The Exclusionary Rule	83	(3)
Search Warrants	86	(2)
Warrantless Searches Based on Probable Cause	88	(4)
Warrantless Searches Based on Reasonableness	92	(8)
Investigative Tools	100	(35)
Physical Evidence	100	(1)
Mental Health Specialists and Law Enforcement	101	(2)
Mental Health Professionals and the Courts	103	(6)
Introduction to Firearms	109	(11)
Firearms and Forensics	120	(15)
Suspect Identification	135	(22)
Fingerprints	135	(13)
DNA Typing	148	(4)
Composite Identifications	152	(2)
Lineups	154	(3)
Sources of Information	157	(21)
Jay D. Jamieson
Eyewitnesses and Victims	158	(1)
Informants	159	(4)
Surveillance	163	(3)
Interviewing	166	(4)
Interrogation	170	(4)
Psychological Profiling	174	(4)
Blood Spatter	178	(14)
Bloodstain Interpretation	179	(1)
Bloodstain Mechanics	180	(3)
Testifying about the Interpretation of Bloodstains	183	(7)
Appendix 9-A: Glossary of Blood Spatter Terms	190	(2)
Homicide	192	(30)
Who Kills	194	(1)
Homicide Investigations	194	(3)
Identifying the Deceased	197	(1)
Window-of-Death Determinations	198	(5)
Forensic Entomology	203	(2)
Gunshot Wounds	205	(5)
Shotgun Wounds	210	(2)
Sharp Force Deaths	212	(2)
Blood Evidence	214	(8)
Underwater Investigations	222	(18)
Recovering Submerged Firearms	223	(1)
Body Recovery	224	(6)
Drowning	230	(3)
Thermal Injuries	233	(3)
Death from Explosions	236	(4)
Assault	240	(8)
Aggravated Assault	241	(4)
Elements of Proof	245	(1)
Homeowner Defenses	245	(3)
Robbery	248	(15)
Robbers	249	(1)
Robberies	250	(3)
Modus Operandi	253	(5)
Processing the Robbery Crime Scene	258	(2)
Robbery Checklist	260	(1)
Prosecutorial Summary	261	(2)
Sexual Assault	263	(21)
Sexual Assault	264	(3)
Aggravated Sexual Assault	267	(4)
Gathering Evidence	271	(9)
Sexual Assailant Profiling	280	(4)
Theft and Burglary	284	(13)
Burglary	285	(7)
Motor Vehicle Theft	292	(2)
Applicable Case Law	294	(3)
Drug Offenses	297	(35)
The Addict Myth	297	(2)
Drug Analysis	299	(5)
Narcotics	304	(4)
Hallucinogens	308	(7)
Depressants	315	(1)
Stimulants	315	(10)
Drug Regulation	325	(1)
Drug Investigations	326	(1)
Drug Prevention	327	(3)
Appendix 16--A: Glossary of Street Drug Jargon	330	(2)
Arson	332	(20)
Investigation of Arson	332	(5)
Arson Evidence	337	(6)
Vessel Arson	343	(2)
Vessel Explosions	345	(1)
Arson Checklist	346	(1)
Relevant Case Law	347	(3)
Appendix 17--A: Glossary of Arson-Related Terms	350	(2)
Terrorism	352	(12)
Terrorists	352	(3)
Weapons of Terrorism	355	(1)
Investigating Terrorism	356	(3)
Terroristic Kidnapping	359	(1)
Hostage Negotiation	359	(5)
Organized Crime	364	(13)
Organized Crime Groups	365	(6)
Organized Crime and Applicable Laws	371	(1)
Investigating Organized Crime	372	(2)
Investigative Grand Juries	374	(3)
White-Collar Crime	377	(15)
Money Laundering	378	(1)
Confidence Swindles	379	(1)
Forgery and Check Fraud	380	(1)
Questioned Document Examination	381	(2)
Computer-Assisted Crime	383	(9)
Appendix A---Direct Examination of Fingerprint Experts	392	(16)
Appendix B---Vehicular Drownings and Vehicle Recoveries	408	(6)
Appendix C---Direct Examination of the Forensic Chemist	414	(5)
Index	419	(16)
About the Author	435