Criminal Justice

by Sanders, Andrew; Young, Richard; Burton, Mandy

• ISBN13: 9780199541317
• ISBN10: 0199541310
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-09-10
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This book offers a clear explanation and critical analysis of the criminal justice system. It covers the major stages of an investigation, plus pre-trial, trial, and appeal processes.

Author Biography

Andrew Sanders is Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology at the University of Manchester. Richard Young is Professor of Law and Policy Research at the University of Bristol. Mandy Burton is Lecturer in Law at the University of Leicester.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Table of Cases	p. xv
Table of Statutes	p. xxv
The aims and values of 'criminal justice'	p. 1
The nature and structure of 'criminal 'justice	p. 1
Guilt and innocence	p. 9
Adversarial and inquisitorial theories of criminal justice	p. 13
Recent trends in criminal justice and crime	p. 17
Crime control and due process	p. 21
The fundamental (human) rights approach	p. 28
Managerialism and the rise of actuarial justice	p. 38
Victims	p. 42
An alternative framework: the enhancement of freedom	p. 47
Conclusion	p. 57
Stop and Search	p. 60
Introduction	p. 60
The Power to stop-search	p. 72
Is stop and search racially discriminatory?	p. 97
Constraints and controls on the exercise of discretion	p. 100
The impact of stop-search powers	p. 113
Conclusion	p. 126
Arrest	p. 129
Introduction: what is an arrest?	p. 129
Arrest and the purposes of criminal justice	p. 132
The legal basis for arrest	p. 140
Arrest discretion and reasonable suspicion	p. 155
Remedies for wrongful arrest	p. 186
Conclusion	p. 191
Detention in the police station	p. 195
Introduction	p. 196
the Powers and duties of the custody officer	p. 197
Detention without charge	p. 207
Deaths in custody	p. 223
The right to legal advice	p. 228
Remedies	p. 249
Conclusion	p. 251
Police questioning of suspects	p. 255
Questioning: the drift from due process to crime control	p. 255
Why do the police value interrogation?	p. 257
The right of silence	p. 260
Regulating police questioning	p. 272
'We have ways of making you talk'	p. 287
Confessions	p. 312
Conclusion	p. 319
Non-interrogatory evidence	p. 323
Introduction	p. 323
'Information received': the use of informers	p. 325
Convert policing	p. 334
Witness and identification evidence	p. 343
Entry, search and seizure	p. 350
Scientific evidence	p. 360
Conclusion	p. 367
Prosecutions	p. 370
Introduction	p. 370
Discretion	p. 372
Evidential sufficiency: police and CPS	p. 376
The public interest, the police and the CPS	p. 394
Non police-prosecution agencies	p. 410
Prosecution accountability	p. 423
Conclusion	p. 434
The mass production of guilty pleas	p. 438
Introduction	p. 438
The sentence discount principle	p. 440
Sentencing powers and jurisdictional presssures	p. 460
Charge bargaining	p. 463
The prospect of conviction	p. 481
Fact bargains and multiple discounts	p. 485
Do the innocent plead guilty? (Is the Pope a Catholic?)	p. 486
Should plea bargaining be abolished?	p. 489
Conclusion	p. 496
Summary justice in the magistrates' court	p. 499
Introduction	p. 499
Legal aid and legal representation	p. 503
Justices' clerks and legal advisers: liberal bureaucrats?	p. 514
Bail or jail	p. 518
The quality and fairness of summary justice	p. 536
Specialist magistrates	p. 550
Conclusion	p. 551
Trial by judge and jury	p. 553
Directed and ordered acquittals - weak cases?	p. 555
The composition of the jury	p. 559
The verdict of the jury	p. 569
Trial: procedure, evidence and law	p. 579
Evaluating the jury's performance	p. 593
Narrowing the jury's domain	p. 602
Conclusion	p. 606
Appeals against conviction	p. 609
What values should underpin appellate procedures?	p. 609
Appeals from the magistrates' courts	p. 613
Appeals from the Crown Court to the Court of Appeal	p. 621
Post-appeal review: The Criminal Cases Review Commission	p. 642
Conclusion	p. 658
Remedying police malpractice	p. 663
Introduction	p. 663
Prosecutions	p. 665
Civil actions	p. 672
Complaints against the police	p. 679
Trial remedies	p. 700
Malpractice: individual fault or the system at work?	p. 712
Conclusion	p. 716
Victims, the accused and the future of criminal justice	p. 719
Introduction	p. 719
Taking suspects' rights seriously	p. 720
Taking victims' rights seriously	p. 725
Rhetoric and reality: managing the gap	p. 741
Bibliography	p. 747
Index	p. 803
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