Criminal Justice Procedure

by Carlson, Ronald L.

• ISBN13: 9781593459611
• ISBN10: 1593459610
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-05-05
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

This text explores the adversary system of criminal justice, tracing the steps that precede trial, as well as the trial process itself, providing insight into problems in the criminal justice process, with U.S. Supreme Court cases adding impact and relevance. This edition provides added detail on the challenge of dealing with terrorist suspects as well as legal issues related to legislation such as the USA Patriot Act. Each chapter includes outline, key terms and concepts. Contains glossary, selected provisions of the U.S. Constitution, and a table of cases appearing in the text.

Table of Contents

Selected Provisions of the United States Constitution	xiii
Case Citation Guide	xv
Sample Case Citations	xvii
An Overview of Criminal Justice in America	1	(16)
Preliminary Considerations: Crime, Police, and Courts	3	(3)
Adversary System of Justice	6	(1)
Constitutional Right to Jury Trial	6	(1)
Steps in a Criminal Prosecution	6	(9)
Arrest	7	(1)
Prosecution or Diversion	8	(1)
First Appearance on the Charge	9	(1)
Preliminary Hearing	9	(1)
Indictment or Information	10	(1)
Arraignment in the Court of Trial	10	(1)
Suppression Hearings	10	(1)
Trial	11	(2)
Hearings After Trial	13	(1)
Appeals and Habeas Corpus	13	(1)
Double Jeopardy	13	(2)
Diagram of the Felony Case Process	15	(2)
Arrest, Appearance and Preliminary Hearing	17	(58)
Arrest	19	(13)
Arrest Without a Warrant	20	(4)
Arrest Warrants	24	(2)
Citation and Summons	26	(1)
Stops that Do Not Amount to Arrest	27	(4)
Private Arrests	31	(1)
Search	32	(30)
Searches Incident to Arrest	34	(14)
Consent Searches	48	(5)
Emergency Searches and Exigent Circumstances	53	(1)
Searches Under Warrant	54	(4)
Execution of Warrants	58	(4)
Booking	62	(1)
Initial Appearance	63	(2)
Preliminary Hearing: Basic Purpose	65	(1)
Discovery	65	(1)
Detailing Government Testimony	66	(1)
Waiver of Hearing	67	(1)
Does the Defendant Have a Constitutional Right to a Hearing?	67	(2)
Does the Prosecution Have a Right to a Hearing?	69	(1)
Time of Hearing	69	(1)
Public or Private Hearing	70	(1)
Evidence and Objections	71	(1)
Witnesses for the Defense	72	(1)
Effect of Dismissal of Complaint	72	(1)
Defendant's Right to Appointed Counsel	73	(2)
Bail	75	(30)
Why a Bail System?	77	(5)
History of Bail	77	(2)
Amount of Bail	79	(2)
Dangerousness of the Accused	81	(1)
Application to States	81	(1)
Cases Subject to Bail	82	(2)
When Bail Is Set	84	(3)
Types of Bail	87	(3)
Factors in Setting Bail	90	(2)
Nature of the Charge	90	(1)
Employment History and Family Ties	91	(1)
Prior Criminal Record	91	(1)
Mental Condition	91	(1)
Penalties for Non-Appearance: Revoking Bail	92	(1)
Reform of the Bail System	92	(2)
Preventive Detention	94	(2)
Detention Hearings	96	(3)
Bail for Witnesses	99	(3)
Terrorism Cases	102	(3)
The Charging Instrument: Indictment or Information	105	(20)
Constitutional Considerations	107	(3)
Information	110	(2)
Grand Jury Procedure	112	(6)
Indictment	118	(2)
Joinder and Severance	120	(2)
Bypassing the Indictment Stage	122	(1)
Presentation to the Accused: Arraignment	123	(2)
Guilty Pleas	125	(16)
Federal Cases	127	(2)
State Cases	129	(3)
Underlying Principles	132	(2)
Plea Bargaining	134	(4)
Unsuccessful Pleas and Bargains	138	(3)
Criminal Trial	141	(80)
Significance	143	(1)
The Litigation Process	144	(1)
Pretrial Motions and Hearings	145	(21)
Discovery of Evidence	145	(9)
Suppression of Evidence	154	(10)
The Exclusionary Rule	164	(1)
Other Pretrial Proceedings	165	(1)
Jury Selection and Trial	166	(3)
Opening Statement	169	(1)
Government Proof and Witnesses	170	(1)
Government Case-in-Chief: Rules of Evidence	170	(1)
Relevancy	170	(1)
Competency	170	(1)
Demonstrative Evidence	171	(3)
Police Reports: Refreshing Recollection or Introduction into Evidence	174	(1)
Opinion Testimony: Lay or Expert Witnesses	175	(3)
Ordinary Witnesses	175	(1)
Expert Witnesses	175	(3)
Hearsay	178	(1)
Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule	179	(6)
Confessions and Admissions	179	(1)
Dying Declarations	179	(1)
Reported Testimony	180	(1)
Official Statements	181	(1)
Miscellaneous Exceptions	181	(1)
Child Abuse Cases	182	(3)
Defense Evidence	185	(2)
Defendant as a Witness	187	(1)
Constitutional Privilege	187	(2)
When the Defendant Does Not Testify	188	(1)
When the Defendant Testifies	188	(1)
Privileges Generally	189	(1)
Character Testimony	190	(2)
Cross-Examination: Purpose	192	(1)
Scope of Examination	192	(1)
Impeachment	193	(3)
Evidence of Other Crimes	196	(2)
Securing Witnesses at Trial	198	(1)
Burden of Proof and Rule of Reasonable Doubt	199	(2)
Motion for Judgment of Acquittal	201	(1)
Rebuttal Proof by the Government	201	(1)
Closing Argument	202	(2)
Instructions and Verdict	204	(1)
Motions Attacking the Verdict	205	(2)
Motions Attacking the Sentence	207	(1)
Discovery of New Evidence	207	(1)
Defendant's Presence in the Courtroom	208	(1)
Constitutional Considerations	209	(7)
Publicity	209	(2)
Counsel	211	(2)
Speedy Trial	213	(3)
Ethics of Advocacy: Counsel as Witness	216	(1)
Jury Nullification	216	(1)
The Witness in Court	217	(4)
Sentencing, Crime and Corrections	221	(40)
Mechanics of Sentencing	223	(2)
Sentencing and Corrections: Meeting the Crime Challenge	225	(8)
Theories of Sentencing	225	(3)
Modern Trends	228	(5)
Expungement of Records and Sentences	233	(1)
Factors Shaping the Sentence	234	(3)
Capital Punishment	237	(4)
Reform of the Sentencing System	241	(3)
Jury Sentencing	241	(1)
Disparity in Sentences	241	(3)
Restitution and Compensation of Victims	244	(2)
Restitution	244	(1)
Compensation	245	(1)
Rights of the Accused	246	(3)
Probation and Parole	249	(2)
Probation	249	(1)
Parole	250	(1)
Revoking Conditional Freedom	251	(4)
Probation	252	(1)
Parole	253	(2)
Detainers	255	(1)
Conditions of Confinement	255	(2)
Special Treatment of the Sexual Offender: Sexual Psychopath Laws and Sexual Predator Registration	257	(2)
Drugs and the Law	259	(2)
Appeals and Habeas Corpus	261	(24)
Appellate Court Structure	263	(2)
Supreme Court of the United States	265	(5)
Appellate Decision Making	270	(1)
Counsel and Transcript	271	(2)
Appeal by State	273	(1)
Habeas Corpus: Historical Background	274	(1)
Grounds for Habeas Relief	275	(4)
Constitutional Rights	279	(2)
Transcript	279	(1)
Counsel	280	(1)
Preparation Assistance	280	(1)
Standard for Granting Relief	281	(1)
Special Writs and Remedies	282	(3)
Mandamus	282	(1)
Stay of Execution	283	(1)
Injunction	283	(2)
Special Problems: Location of Trial and Double Jeopardy	285	(26)
Location of Trial: Constitutional Basis	287	(2)
Commission of an Offense	289	(2)
Change of Venue	291	(1)
Extradition and Transfer of Custody for Trial	291	(6)
Interstate Extradition	291	(4)
Forcible Transfer of Defendants	295	(1)
International Extradition	295	(2)
Double Jeopardy: Application to States	297	(2)
Retrial of the Accused: When Permitted	299	(3)
Heavier Sentence Upon Retrial	302	(3)
Different Victims or Sovereigns	305	(6)
Miscellaneous Proceedings: Juvenile Justice, Misdemeanor Trials, Damage Suits Against Police, Prisoner Rights	311	(42)
A. JUVENILE JUSTICE
Juvenile Proceedings: Historical Setting	313	(2)
Age Limits on Juvenile Prosecution	315	(2)
Power of Disposition	317	(2)
Trial and Hearings	319	(6)
Counsel	320	(1)
Notice	320	(1)
Privilege to Refrain from Testifying	320	(1)
Confrontation	321	(1)
Jury Trial	321	(1)
Miranda Warnings	321	(1)
Confidentiality of Records	322	(1)
Burden of Proof	323	(1)
Double Jeopardy	323	(1)
Bail	324	(1)
Beyond Gault	325	(1)
B. MISDEMEANOR TRIALS
Misdemeanors: Classification of Offenses	326	(1)
Misdemeanor and Felony Procedure Compared	327	(1)
Misdemeanor Practice and Procedure	328	(2)
Rules of Practice	330	(1)
Rules of Practice: Forfeiture of Collateral	331	(1)
Counsel	331	(2)
Constitutional Considerations: Jury Trials, Transcripts, and Fines	333	(3)
Jury Trials	333	(1)
Transcripts	334	(1)
Fines	334	(2)
Magistrate Courts: Ability to Try Misdemeanor Cases	336	(1)
C. DAMAGE SUITS AGAINST POLICE
Police Tort Liability Generally	336	(1)
Misuse of Weapons, Suits Concerning Arrest and Search, Operation of Vehicles	337	(4)
Weapons	337	(1)
Suits Concerning Arrest and Search	338	(2)
Operation of Vehicles	340	(1)
Wrongful Death	341	(1)
Constitutional Tort	342	(2)
Damage Suits: Alternative to the Exclusionary Rule?	344	(2)
D. PRISONER RIGHTS
Suits Against Penitentiary Personnel	346	(1)
Prisoner Rights	347	(6)
The Adversary System	353	(8)
Defense of the System	355	(1)
Responsibility of Advocates	355	(1)
Role of the Defense Attorney	356	(1)
Role of the Prosecutor	357	(1)
Responsibility of Police Officers	357	(1)
Responsibility of Judges	358	(2)
Need for Support and Reform of System	360	(1)
Glossary	361	(18)
Table of Cases	379	(12)
Index	391