Criminal Law

by Storey; Tony

• ISBN13: 9781843921004
• ISBN10: 1843921006
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2004-07-01
• Publisher: Willan

Table of Contents

Table of cases	xiii
Table of statutes	xix
Introduction	xxi
Part 1 General principles 1
1 Actus reus and mens rea	3	(22)
Introduction	3	(1)
Actus reus	3	(2)
Causation	5	(10)
Mens rea	15	(1)
Coincidence of actus reus and mens rea	16	(3)
Mens rea is not the same as motive	19	(2)
Transferred malice	21	(2)
Summary	23	(2)
2 Liability for omissions	25	(10)
Introduction	25	(1)
Crimes that can only be committed by failing to act	26	(1)
Committing crime by failing to act when under a duty to act	27	(6)
Reform	33	(1)
Summary	34	(1)
3 Recklessness	35	(9)
Introduction	35	(1)
The taking of an unjustifiable risk	36	(1)
Awareness of risk	36	(1)
The Cunningham test: 1957	37	(1)
The Caldwell test: 1981-2003	38	(2)
Back to Cunningham: G and R (2003)	40	(3)
Summary	43	(1)
4 Strict liability	44	(19)
Introduction	44	(1)
Contrast with absolute liability	45	(1)
Common law offences	45	(1)
Statutory offences	46	(1)
Identifying offences of strict liability	47	(9)
Pros and cons of strict liability	56	(1)
Due diligence defences	57	(1)
Summary	58	(1)
Questions on Part I General principles 1	59	(4)
Part 2 Homicide
5 Murder	63	(13)
Introduction	63	(1)
Causing death	64	(1)
Another human being	64	(1)
The Queen's Peace	65	(1)
Within any country of the realm	65	(1)
The year-and-a-day rule	65	(1)
'Malice aforethought'	66	(5)
Reform	71	(3)
Summary	74	(2)
6 Voluntary manslaughter	76	(30)
General introduction	76	(1)
A Provocation	77	(16)
Introduction	77	(1)
What can amount to provocation?	77	(1)
The subjective question	78	(2)
The objective question	80	(7)
Procedure	87	(5)
Summary	92	(1)
B Diminished responsibility	93	(12)
Introduction	93	(1)
'Abnormality of mind'	94	(1)
The specified causes	94	(2)
'Substantially impaired...mental responsibility'	96	(1)
The effect of intoxication	97	(3)
Procedure	100	(2)
Reform	102	(1)
Summary	103	(1)
Relationship between provocation and diminished responsibility (DR)	104	(1)
C Suicide pact	105	(1)
7 Involuntary manslaughter	106	(25)
General introduction	106	(1)
A Constructive manslaughter	106	(7)
Introduction	106	(1)
The actus reus of constructive manslaughter	107	(3)
The mens rea of constructive manslaughter	110	(2)
Reform	112	(1)
Summary	112	(1)
B Gross negligence manslaughter	113	(10)
Introduction	113	(1)
Duty of care	113	(2)
Breach of duty	115	(1)
Gross negligence	115	(4)
Corporate manslaughter	119	(3)
Summary	122	(1)
C Subjective reckless manslaughter	123	(2)
Reform of involuntary manslaughter	123	(2)
Questions on Part 2 Homicide	125	(6)
Part 3 Offences against the person
8 Non-fatal offences against the person	131	(17)
Introduction	131	(1)
Assault and battery	132	(3)
Actual bodily harm	135	(1)
Wounding and grievous bodily harm	136	(2)
Included offences	138	(1)
Psychiatric injury	139	(1)
Transmission of disease	140	(1)
Stalking	141	(1)
Mens rea of non-fatal offences	142	(1)
Reform	143	(2)
Summary	145	(3)
9 Consent	148
Introduction	148	(1)
General principles	148	(4)
Limitations on consent	152	(5)
The impact of the Human Rights Act 1998	157	(1)
Reform	158	(1)
Summary	159	(1)
Questions on Part 3 Offences against the person	159	(4)
Part 4 Offences against property
10 Theft and making off	163	(46)
Introduction	163	(1)
'Appropriation'	164	(3)
'Property'	167	(1)
'Belonging to another'	168	(4)
'Dishonesty'	172	(3)
'Intention to permanently deprive'	175	(3)
Making off without payment	178	(3)
Summary	181	(3)
11 Robbery	184	(1)
Introduction	184	(1)
The actus reus of robbery	184	(2)
The mens rea of robbery	186	(1)
Summary	186	(2)
12 Burglary	188	(1)
Introduction	188	(1)
Actus reus of burglary	188	(5)
The mens rea of burglary	193	(1)
Trespass with intent to commit a sexual offence	194	(1)
Summary	195	(2)
13 Criminal damage	197	(1)
Introduction	197	(1)
Criminal damage	197	(2)
Aggravated criminal damage	199	(2)
'Without lawful excuse'	201	(3)
Arson and aggravated arson	204	(1)
Summary	205	(1)
Questions on Part 4 Offences against property	205	(4)
Part 5 Defences
General introduction	209	(1)
14 Intoxication	211	(72)
Introduction	211	(1)
Legal principle vs public policy	212	(1)
Voluntary intoxication	213	(4)
Involuntary intoxication	217	(3)
'Dutch courage'	220	(1)
Intoxication and other defences	220	(1)
Reform	221	(2)
Summary	223	(3)
15 Insanity	226	(1)
Introduction	226	(1)
The M'Naghten rules	226	(1)
'Defect of reason'	227	(1)
'Disease of the mind'	227	(8)
'Nature and quality of the act'	235	(1)
'Wrong'	235	(2)
The presumption of sanity	237	(1)
'Irresistible impulses'	237	(1)
The special verdict	238	(1)
Procedure	239	(1)
Reform	240	(1)
Summary	240	(2)
16 Automatism	242	(1)
Introduction	242	(1)
What is 'automatism'?	242	(2)
Extent of involuntariness required	244	(1)
Self-induced automatism	245	(1)
Reflex actions	245	(1)
Reform	246	(1)
Summary	247	(2)
17 Mistake	249	(1)
Introduction	249	(1)
General principles	249	(2)
Intoxicated mistakes	251	(2)
Summary	253	(1)
18 Duress and necessity	254	(1)
Introduction	254	(1)
Sources of the duress	254	(1)
The seriousness of the threat	255	(1)
Threats against whom?	256	(1)
Imminence of the threat	257	(1)
Escape opportunities and police protection	257	(1)
Voluntary exposure to risk of compulsion	258	(3)
Should D have resisted the threats?	261	(3)
The scope of the defence	264	(3)
Reform of duress	267	(1)
Duress of circumstances and necessity: are they the same thing?	267	(1)
Necessity	268	(2)
Summary	270	(2)
19 Self-defence and the prevention of crime	272	(1)
Introduction	272	(1)
The necessity of force	273	(2)
The reasonableness of force	275	(4)
Summary	279	(1)
Questions on Part 5 Defences	279	(4)
Part 6 General principles 2
20 Participation	283	(38)
Introduction	283	(1)
Principals and secondary parties	283	(2)
Actus reus of secondary parties	285	(5)
Mens rea of secondary parties	290	(4)
Withdrawal	294	(1)
Victims as accessories	295	(1)
Reform	296	(1)
Summary	296	(2)
21 Attempts	298	(1)
Introduction	298	(1)
The actus reus of attempts	299	(4)
The mens rea of attempt	303	(1)
Excluded offences	304	(1)
Successful attempts	305	(1)
Impossibility	305	(2)
Reform	307	(1)
Summary	307	(2)
22 Conspiracy and incitement	309	(1)
A Conspiracy	309	(4)
Introduction	309	(1)
The actus reus of conspiracy	309	(1)
The mens rea of statutory conspiracy	310	(1)
Impossibility	311	(1)
Jurisdiction	311	(1)
Summary	312	(1)
B Incitement	313	(2)
Introduction	313	(1)
The actus reus of incitement	313	(1)
The mens rea of incitement	314	(1)
Impossibility	314	(1)
Reform	314	(1)
Summary	315	(1)
Questions on Part 6 General principles 2	315
Part 7 General questions on criminal law
23 Additional questions	321	(8)
Part 8 Studying criminal law
24 Criminal law in context	329	(33)
Introduction	329	(1)
Morality	330	(2)
Policy issues	332	(1)
Criminal justice	332	(1)
Conclusion	333	(2)
25 Sources of law	335	(1)
Introduction	335	(1)
Textbooks as secondary sources	335	(1)
Primary sources	336	(1)
Synoptic assessment based on sources	337	(1)
OCR special study source materials with commentary	338	(15)
26 Key skills	353	(1)
Introduction	353	(1)
Key skills to be assessed	353	(1)
Opportunities for evidencing key skills	354	(8)
Legal resources on the internet	362	(2)
Answers guide	364	(1)
End of Part questions	364	(1)
Additional questions	387	(1)
Source-based questions	410	(5)
Glossary	415	(5)
Index	420