Criminal Law

by Reid, Sue Titus

• ISBN13: 9780072820089
• ISBN10: 007282008X
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-07-29
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

Written by a lawyer and criminologist with teaching experience in both fields, Criminal Law, Sixth Edition, provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date criminal law text available, covering all of the traditional areas of law and illustrating them with recent events. Unlike most criminal law texts, this text covers misdemeanors as well as felonies.The sixth edition covers the latest topics, including "three strikes you're out" laws, hate crimes, home invasion, posttraumatic stress disorders as defenses, and truth in sentencing. Coverage of traditional topics, such as murder, is updated with recent changes such as the definition of death and inclusion of a fetus as a "person."

Table of Contents

Preface
CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Criminal Law	2	(34)
Chapter Outline	3	(1)
Key Terms	3	(1)
Introduction	4	(1)
The Emergence of Law	5	(1)
Civil and Criminal Law Distinguished	6	(1)
The Nature and Purpose of Criminal Law	6	(6)
Criminal Law as Punishment	6	(5)
Criminal Law and Morality	11	(1)
Sources of Criminal Law	12	(1)
Statutory Law	12	(1)
Constitutions	12	(1)
Judicial Decisions and Customs	12	(1)
Administrative Law	13	(1)
Discretion and Criminal Law	13	(2)
Classification of Crimes and Related
Offenses	15	(2)
Grade of Offense	16	(1)
Moral Turpitude	16	(1)
Other Classifications	17	(1)
The Limitations on Criminal Law	17	(8)
Jurisdiction	17	(3)
Void for Vagueness and Overbreadth	20	(1)
Ex Post Facto Laws and Bills of Attainder	20	(3)
Repeal or Amendment of a Statute	23	(1)
Cruel and Unusual Punishment	23	(1)
Due Process and Equal Protection	24	(1)
Other Constitutional Limitations	24	(1)
The Establishment of Guilt	25	(3)
The Adversary System	25	(1)
The Burden of Proof	25	(1)
Determining Criminal Culpability: The Judge and the Jury	26	(2)
Summary	28	(1)
Study Questions	29	(1)
For Debate	30	(1)
Case Analysis	30	(5)
Internet Activity	35	(1)
Endnotes	35	(1)
CHAPTER 2 Elements of a Crime	36	(30)
Chapter Outline	37	(1)
Key Terms	37	(1)
Introduction	38	(1)
The Elements of a Crime	38	(16)
A Criminal Act	39	(7)
The Exclusion of Involuntary Conduct	39	(2)
Proof of an Act	41	(2)
Possession as an Act	43	(1)
Criminal Failure to Act	44	(2)
A Criminal Intent	46	(2)
Problems of Interpretation	48	(3)
Proving Criminal Intent	50	(1)
The Concurrence of a Criminal Act and a Criminal Intent	51	(1)
Causation	52	(2)
Attendant Circumstances	54	(1)
Liability without Fault	55	(4)
Strict Liability	55	(2)
Vicarious Liability	57	(1)
Enterprise Liability	58	(1)
Summary	59	(1)
Study Questions	60	(1)
For Debate	60	(1)
Case Analysis	61	(2)
Internet Activity	63	(1)
Endnotes	64	(2)
CHAPTER 3 Anticipatory Offenses and Parties to Crimes	66	(48)
Chapter Outline	67	(1)
Key Terms	67	(1)
Introduction	68	(1)
Solicitation	68	(3)
Elements of Solicitation	69	(2)
Defenses to Solicitation	71	(1)
Attempt	71	(12)
Elements of Attempt	72	(5)
Defenses to Attempt	77	(3)
The Spread of AIDS: An Attempt Crime?	80	(3)
Conspiracy	83	(13)
The Problem of Definition	88	(1)
Elements of Conspiracy	89	(4)
Limitations on Parties to Conspiracy	93	(2)
Defenses to Conspiracy	95	(1)
Other Issues in Conspiracy	95	(1)
Parties to Crimes	96	(4)
Elements of Accomplice Liability	97	(3)
Other Issues of Accomplice Liability	100	(1)
Controlling Complicity Crimes by Indicting Attorneys	100	(7)
Rico as a Prosecutorial Tool	100	(1)
Elements of RICO	101	(5)
Forfeitures	106	(1)
Summary	107	(2)
Study Questions	109	(1)
For Debate	110	(1)
Case Analysis	110	(2)
Internet Activity	112	(1)
Endnotes	112	(2)
CHAPTER 4 Defenses to Criminal Culpability: Part I	114	(42)
Chapter Outline	115	(1)
Key Terms 115
Introduction	116	(1)
The Burden of Proof and Presumptions	117	(5)
Major Court Decisions	117	(5)
The Element of Intent	120	(1)
The Burden of Proof and Self Defense	120	(1)
The Burden of Proof and the Insanity Defense	121	(1)
Types of Defenses	122	(25)
Ignorance or Mistake	122	(3)
Duress or Necessity	125	(1)
Infancy	126	(4)
Insanity	130	(8)
Insanity Tests	133	(3)
Guilty but Mentally Ill	136	(1)
Abolition of the Insanity Defense	137	(1)
Diminished Capacity or Partial Responsibility	138	(1)
Automatism	138	(1)
Entrapment	139	(3)
Outrageous Government Conduct	142	(1)
Defense of Persons and Property	143	(2)
Self Defense and the Defense of Others	143	(1)
Defense of Property	144	(1)
Law Enforcement	145	(2)
Summary	147	(3)
Study Questions	150	(1)
For Debate	151	(1)
Case Analysis	151	(3)
Internet Activity	154	(1)
Endnotes	154	(2)
CHAPTER 5 Defenses to Criminal Culpability: Part II	156	(46)
Chapter Outline	157	(1)
Key Terms	157	(1)
Introduction	158	(1)
Intoxication	158	(20)
Substance Abuse: Disease or Moral Problem?	160	(2)
Intoxication as a Legal Defense	162	(7)
Domestic Authority	169	(2)
Consent, Condonation, or Victim's Conduct	171	(1)
The Battered Person Syndrome Defense	172	(6)
The Extension of the Defense	175	(1)
Children as Battered Persons Who Murder	176	(2)
Other Stress Disorders	178	(11)
Extreme Emotional Disturbance	179	(1)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)	180	(8)
The Vietnam War Stress Syndrome	181	(1)
Rape Trauma Syndrome	182	(3)
Urban Psychosis	185	(2)
Postpartum Depression (PPD) Syndrome	187	(1)
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)	188	(1)
Miscellaneous Defenses	189	(3)
Summary	192	(2)
Study Questions	194	(1)
For Debate	195	(1)
Case Analysis	195	(3)
Internet Activity	198	(1)
Endnotes	198	(4)
CHAPTER 6 Criminal Homicide	202	(46)
Chapter Outline	203	(1)
Key Terms	203	(1)
Introduction	204	(2)
Homicide	206	(13)
General Definitional Issues	207	(6)
Another Human Being Requirement	207	(5)
The Definition of Death	212	(1)
Causation	213	(4)
Corpus Delicti	217	(2)
Murder	219	(13)
Common Law Murder	219	(1)
Types of Murder	220	(5)
Intent to Kill	220	(1)
Intent to Inflict Great Bodily Harm	221	(1)
Depraved Heart	221	(1)
Intent to Commit a Felony	221	(3)
Murder for Hire	224	(1)
Degrees of Murder	225	(2)
Lesser Included Offenses	227	(3)
Mercy Killing: An Exception or Murder?	230	(2)
Physician-Assisted Suicide	232	(3)
Manslaughter	235	(6)
Voluntary Manslaughter	235	(4)
Heat-of-Passion Manslaughter	236	(1)
Manslaughter in Domestic Relations	237	(1)
The Reasonable Person Standard	238	(1)
Involuntary Manslaughter	239	(11)
Misdemeanor or Negligent Manslaughter	239	(1)
Vehicular and DUI Manslaughter	239	(1)
Failure-to-Act Manslaughter	240	(1)
Summary	241	(1)
Study Questions	242	(1)
For Debate	243	(1)
Case Analysis	243	(2)
Internet Activity	245	(1)
Endnotes	245	(3)
CHAPTER 7 Assault, Robbery, Sex, and Other Crimes	248	(50)
Chapter Outline	249	(1)
Key Terms	249	(1)
Introduction	250	(1)
Assault	250	(5)
Simple Assault	251	(1)
Aggravated Assault	252	(2)
Reckless Assault	254	(1)
Mayhem	255	(1)
Robbery	255	(5)
The Elements of Robbery	256	(4)
Home-Invasion Robbery	260	(1)
Forcible Rape and Sodomy	260	(15)
Definitional Issues	261	(3)
The Elements of Forcible Rape and Sodomy	264	(5)
Gender of the Actor and of the Victim	264	(1)
The Requirement of Penetration	265	(1)
Lack of Consent	266	(3)
Date Rape	269	(3)
Marital Rape	272	(3)
Child Abuse	275	(8)
Statutory Rape	280	(2)
Incest	282	(1)
False Imprisonment and Kidnapping	283	(7)
Summary	290	(2)
Study Questions	292	(1)
For Debate	292	(1)
Case Analysis	293	(2)
Internet Activity	295	(1)
Endnotes	295	(3)
CHAPTER 8 Terrorism and Related Crimes	298	(46)
Chapter Outline	299	(1)
Key Terms	299	(1)
Introduction	300	(1)
The Fear of Crime	300	(2)
Treason	302	(5)
Elements of Treason	305	(1)
Treason-Related Crimes	305	(2)
Terrorism	307	(23)
The Problem of Definition	307	(1)
The Categories of Terrorism	308	(2)
Terrorist Acts in the United States: A Sample	310	(8)
The Attack on America	310	(2)
The 2002 Sniper Attacks	312	(2)
The Reign of the Unabomber	314	(1)
The Oklahoma City Bombing	314	(1)
Terrorist Acts at U.S. Abortion Clinics	315	(3)
Terrorism Objectives, Strategies, and Tactics	318	(2)
Terrorism Victims	320	(1)
Weapons of Mass Destruction	321	(3)
Chemical Agents	321	(1)
Biological Agents	322	(1)
Nuclear Devices	323	(1)
Cyberterrorism	323	(1)
The Control of Terrorism	324	(22)
New Jersey's Antiterrorism Act	326	(1)
Federal Initiatives	327	(19)
The USA Patriot Law	327	(1)
The Department of Homeland Security	327	(2)
The Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002	329	(1)
The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Response Act of 2002	330	(1)
Hate Crimes	330	(3)
Stalking	333	(2)
Summary	335	(2)
Study Questions	337	(1)
For Debate	337	(1)
Case Analysis	338	(1)
Internet Activity	339	(1)
Endnotes	340	(4)
CHAPTER 9 Property and Related Crimes	344	(54)
Chapter Outline	345	(1)
Key Terms	345	(1)
Introduction	346	(1)
Serious Property Offenses	346	(18)
Larceny-Theft	346	(8)
Common Law Larceny	346	(5)
Modern Theft Codes	351	(3)
Burglary	354	(4)
Common Law Burglary	355	(2)
Statutory Burglary	357	(1)
Motor Vehicle Theft	358	(1)
Arson	359	(5)
Common Law Arson	363	(1)
Statutory Arson	363	(1)
Less Serious Property Offenses	364	(16)
Embezzlement and Fraud	365	(8)
Mail and Wire Fraud	366	(3)
Health Care Fraud	369	(1)
Securities Fraud	370	(1)
Insider Trading	371	(2)
False Pretense	373	(2)
Forgery and Counterfeiting	375	(1)
Stolen Property: Buying, Receiving, Possessing	375	(1)
Malicious Mischief	376	(1)
Trespass	377	(1)
Copyright Infringement	377	(1)
Extortion or Blackmail	378	(2)
Computer Crimes	380	(5)
Types of Computer Crimes	381	(1)
Controlling Computer Crimes	382	(3)
Identity Theft	385	(2)
Carjacking	387	(3)
Summary	390	(2)
Study Questions	392	(1)
For Debate	393	(1)
Case Analysis	393	(2)
Internet Activity	395	(1)
Endnotes	395	(3)
CHAPTER 10 Crimes against Public Order, Morality, and the Administration of Government	398	(58)
Chapter Outline	399	(1)
Key Terms	399	(1)
Introduction	400	(1)
Crimes against Public Order	401	(20)
Breach of the Peace	401	(2)
Fighting	403	(3)
Disorderly Conduct, Vagrancy, and Loitering	406	(4)
Public Intoxication and Drug Incapacitation	410	(2)
Unlawful Assembly, Rout, and Riot	412	(2)
Carrying Weapons	414	(1)
Obstructing a Highway or Public Passage	415	(1)
Animal Abuse	416	(1)
Other Offenses against Public Order	417	(4)
Crimes against Public Morality	421	(11)
Prostitution	421	(3)
Lewdness and Indecency	424	(2)
Sodomy	426	(3)
Seduction, Fornication, and Adultery	429	(2)
Bigamy	431	(1)
Pornography and Obscenity	432	(3)
Crimes against the Administration of Government	435	(9)
Perjury	436	(2)
Bribery	438	(1)
Official Misconduct in Office	439	(3)
Obstruction of Justice	442	(2)
Summary	444	(3)
Study Questions	447	(1)
For Debate	448	(1)
Case Analysis	448	(3)
Internet Activity	451	(1)
Endnotes	452	(4)
CHAPTER 11 Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking	456	(54)
Chapter Outline	457	(1)
Key Terms	457	(1)
Introduction	458	(1)
Drug Abuse	459	(18)
The Problem of Definition	459	(1)
The Nature and Extent of Drug Abuse	460	(7)
The Social Impact of Drug Abuse	467	(6)
Drugs and Crime	467	(2)
Drug Abuse and Date Rape	469	(2)
Drugs and Suicide	471	(1)
Fetal Abuse	472	(1)
The Economic Cost of Drug Abuse	473	(1)
The Impact of Drugs on Criminal Justice Systems	474	(3)
Impact on the Courts	475	(1)
Influence over Law Enforcement Officials	476	(1)
Prison and Jail Overcrowding	476	(1)
Drug Trafficking	477	(6)
The Dynamics of Drug Trafficking	477	(1)
Money Laundering	478	(3)
Drug Cartels	481	(2)
The Control of Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking	483	(15)
The Federal Level	484	(6)
The U.S. War on Drugs	485	(1)
The 2002 White House Drug Policy	485	(5)
The State Level	490	(3)
Treatment and Substance Abuse: A Look at Drug Courts	493	(3)
Legalizing Marijuana for Medicinal Purposes	496	(2)
Summary	498	(2)
Study Questions	500	(1)
For Debate	501	(1)
Case Analysis	501	(2)
Internet Activity	503	(1)
Endnotes	504	(6)
CHAPTER 12 Sentencing and the Criminal Law	510
Chapter Outline	511	(1)
Key Terms	511	(1)
Introduction	512	(1)
Determining Sentences	512	(18)
Sentence Models	513	(4)
Presumptive Sentencing	517	(1)
Sentencing Guidelines	518	(12)
State Sentencing Guidelines	518	(1)
Federal Sentencing Guidelines	519	(7)
Critique of Sentencing Guidelines	526	(4)
Recent Sentencing Reform Measures	530	(6)
Three Strikes and You're Out Legislation	530	(5)
Truth-in-Sentencing Legislation	535	(1)
Capital Punishment	536	(3)
Constitutional Issues in Sentencing	539	(10)
Due Process and Sentence Enhancement	539	(1)
Equal Protection	540	(4)
Race and Sentencing	540	(2)
Gender and Sentencing	542	(2)
Proportionality	544	(1)
Cruel and Unusual Punishment	545	(4)
Megan's Laws	549	(3)
Summary	552	(2)
Study Questions	554	(1)
For Debate	555	(1)
Case Analysis	555	(5)
Internet Activity	560	(1)
Endnotes	560	(3080824)
Appendixes
Appendix A: The U.S. Constitution	A-1
Appendix B: How to Read a Case Citation	B-1
Glossary	G-1
Photo Credits	C-1
Case Index	I-1
Name Index	I-6
Subject Index	I-11