Criminal Law : Case Studies and Controversies

by Robinson, Paul H.

• ISBN13: 9780735550759
• ISBN10: 0735550751
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-11-01
• Publisher: Wolters Kluwer

Summary

Take a new approach to criminal law, with an innovative casebook that injects human interest into a course many students have found dry or difficult, with Criminal Law: Case Studies and Controversies . The skillful use of case studies as a vehicle for exploring the full range of criminal law makes this casebook distinctly compelling. for each topic area, this carefully crafted text conveys traditional material in a refreshing and engaging new format: a case study provides a detailed story about the people and events leading up To The offense; the text even includes 120 photographs related To The crime stories presented provocative and timely cases from a wide variety of jurisdictions are followed by the then-existing statutes relevant To The case. The Teacheriquest;s Manual contains an aftermath for each story, plus any court opinions in the case, allowing instructors to compare their in-class legal analysis To The actual resolution treatise-like summary of the law gives students an overview of the law, introduces the underlying theoretical principles, and provides context on the law of the jurisdiction of the sectioniquest;s principal case problem cases allow students to test their mastery of the legal summaries exploration of the current controversy in each area of law discussed, with materials that include views on each side of the question, To help develop students' analytic and argument skills to assist instructors in applying the case study method, The Teacher's Manual contains: the aftermath of each case in the text legal analysis of all principal cases and problem cases summary of the arguments on each side of the highlighted controversies teaching suggestions for each section of the book summary sheets for use in class Before you select materials for your next class, make a careful inspection of Criminal Law: Case Studies and Controversies, and see for yourself what an exceptional teaching tool Robinson has created.

Table of Contents

List of Charts and Tables	xxvii
Preface	xxix
Acknowledgments	xxxi
PART I. INTRODUCTORY MATERIALS	1	(128)
An Overview of the Criminal Justice Process: The Steps in the Process	1	(22)
The Nature of Criminal Law and Its Analytic Structure	23	(16)
Overview of the Sources of Criminal Law	23	(3)
Problem: Fear of the Daggers	26	(1)
Overview of the Operational Structure of Criminal Law	27	(5)
Problem: Fear, Pain, and Bubble Gum	32	(2)
The Law	34	(2)
Model Penal Code Section 2.02. General Requirements of Culpability; Section 2.11. Consent	34	(2)
Overview of the Nature of Criminal Law	36	(3)
The Legality Principle	39	(34)
The Case of Ray Brent Marsh	39	(7)
The Law	46	(1)
Code of Georgia Annotated (2002)	46	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 1.05. All Offenses Defined by Statute; Section 250.10. Abuse of Corpse	47	(1)
Overview of the Legality Principle	47	(6)
Problem: The CG-PLA at the United Nations	53	(1)
Overview of Statutory Interpretation	54	(5)
Problem: United States v. Gray	59	(1)
Discussion Materials: Should the Criminal Law Provide the Precision in Formulation that the Legality Principle Demands? Isn't There Sometimes Value in Permitting Prohibitions To Be Vague?	60	(13)
Report to the President from Justice Robert H. Jackson, Chief of Counsel for the United States in the Prosecution of Axis War Criminals	60	(3)
City of Chicago v. Jesus Morales, et al.	63	(6)
Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville	69	(4)
Theories of Punishment	73	(56)
The Case of Sara Jane Olson	73	(6)
The Law	79	(3)
Deering's California Penal Code Annotated (1975)	79	(3)
Problem: Daughters' Mustard	82	(1)
Overview of Theories of Punishment	82	(9)
Case Study: Sara Jane Olson	91	(1)
Discussion Materials: Should Criminal Law Rules Be Formulated to Optimize Deterrence Through a Threatened Sanction?	91	(7)
Jeremy Bentham, The Theory of Legislation	91	(2)
Johannes Andenaes, The General Preventive Effects of Punishment	93	(1)
Paul H. Robinson & John M. Darley, The Role of Deterrence in the Formulation of Criminal Law Rules: At Its Worst When Doing Its Best	94	(4)
Discussion Materials: Should Criminal Law Rules Be Formulated to Optimize Rehabilitation or, Failing That, the Incapacitation of Dangerous Persons?	98	(13)
James Q. Wilson, Thinking About Crime	99	(3)
Andrew von Hirsch, Incapacitation	102	(2)
Paul H. Robinson, Punishing Dangerousness: Cloaking Preventive Detention as Criminal Justice	104	(7)
Discussion Materials: Should Criminal Law Rules Be Formulated to Give Offenders the Punishment They Deserve, No More, No Less?	111	(11)
Immanuel Kant, The Philosophy of Law	111	(2)
Jeffrie G. Murphy, Three Mistakes About Retributivism	113	(2)
Michael S. Moore, The Moral Worth of Retribution	115	(2)
Paul H. Robinson & John M. Darley, The Utility of Desert	117	(5)
Discussion Materials: If Criminal Law Rules Are to Be Formulated to Advance Two or More of the Traditional Purposes of Punishment --- Deterrence, Rehabilitation/Incapacitation, and Desert---What Should Be the Interrelation Among Those Distributive Principles?	122	(7)
Model Penal Code Section 1.02. Purposes; Principles of Construction	122	(1)
Henry M. Hart, Jr., The Aims of the Criminal Law	123	(1)
Paul H. Robinson, Hybrid Principles for the Distribution of Criminal Sanctions	124	(5)
PART II. OFFENSE REQUIREMENTS	129	(78)
Culpability Requirements	131	(38)
The Case of Thomas Fungwe	131	(2)
The Law	133	(5)
Michigan Statutes Annotated (1999)	133	(3)
People v. Richardson	136	(1)
People v. Ryczek	136	(1)
People v. Clark	137	(1)
People v. Clark	137	(1)
People v. Traughber	137	(1)
The Case of Raymond Lennard Garnett	138	(1)
The Law	139	(7)
Annotated Code of Maryland (1990)	139	(5)
Eggleston v. State	144	(1)
Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County	144	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 1.13. General Definitions; Section 2.02. General Requirements of Culpability	144	(2)
Overview of Culpability Requirements	146	(9)
Notes on Culpability Requirements	146	(7)
Model Penal Code Section 2.02 Commentary	153	(2)
Problem: Babies and Ditches	155	(1)
Problem: Oatmeal for Ian	156	(1)
Discussion Materials: What Is the Minimum Culpability, If Any, That Should Be Required for Criminal Liability?	157	(6)
Glanville Williams, Reasons for Punishing Negligence	157	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 2.02 Commentary	158	(1)
Samuel H. Pillsbury, Crimes of Indifference	159	(1)
Laurie L. Levenson, Good Faith Defenses: Reshaping Strict Liability Crimes	160	(3)
Discussion Materials: Should a Person's Negligence (and Recklessness) Be Judged Against an Objective or an Individualized Standard?	163	(6)
H.L.A. Hart, Punishment and Responsibility	163	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 2.02 Commentary	164	(1)
George P. Fletcher, The Theory of Criminal Negligence: A Comparative Analysis	165	(4)
Culpability and Mistake	169	(38)
The Case of Thomas Laseter	169	(4)
The Law	173	(7)
Alaska Statutes (1982)	173	(7)
Model Penal Code Section 2.04. Ignorance or Mistake	180	(1)
Overview of Culpability Requirements & Mistake Defenses	180	(6)
Discussion Materials: What Kind of Mistake as to Consent, If Any, Should Be Permitted to Provide a Defense to Rape?	186	(11)
Susan Estrich, Rape	187	(3)
Lynne N. Henderson, Review Essay: What Makes Rape a Crime?	190	(4)
Joshua Dressler, Where We Have Been, and Where We Might Be Going: Some Cautionary Reflections on Rape Law Reform	194	(2)
Lani Anne Remick, Read Her Lips: An Argument for a Verbal Consent Standard in Rape	196	(1)
Overview of the Function of Criminal Law Doctrine	197	(10)
PART III. HOMICIDE AND RELATED ISSUES	207	(112)
Homicide: Doctrines of Aggravation	209	(26)
The Case of Sabine Davidson	209	(5)
The Law	214	(8)
Kansas Statutes Annotated (1997)	214	(4)
The Kansas Sentencing Commission Desk Reference Manual	218	(3)
Model Penal Code Section 210.1 Criminal Homicide; Section 210.2. Murder; Section 210.3. Manslaughter; Section 210.4. Negligent Homicide	221	(1)
Overview of Homicide Aggravations	222	(3)
Model Penal Code Section 210.2 Commentary	222	(2)
Model Penal Code Section 210.2 Commentary	224	(1)
Discussion Materials: Should the Criminal Law Recognize a Felony-Murder Rule?	225	(10)
Model Penal Code Section 210.2 Commentary	225	(2)
Crump and Crump, In Defense of Felony Murder	227	(2)
People v. James Edward Washington	229	(3)
Paul H. Robinson & John M. Darley, Study 16: The Culpability of the Person --- Felony Murder	232	(3)
Death Penalty	235	(28)
The Case of William King	235	(7)
The Law	242	(6)
Texas Penal Code (1998)	242	(4)
Model Penal Code Section 210.6. Sentence of Death for Murder; Further Proceedings to Determine Sentence	246	(2)
Overview of the Death Penalty	248	(5)
Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics	249	(4)
Discussion Materials: Should Capital Punishment Be Allowed?	253	(10)
Hugo A. Bedau, Arguments For and Against Capital Punishment	253	(3)
Hugo A. Bedau, Innocence and the Death Penalty	256	(2)
Ernest van den Haag, Punishing Criminals	258	(1)
Elizabeth Rapaport, The Death Penalty and Gender Discrimination	258	(2)
Robert Weisberg, Deregulating Death	260	(3)
Homicide: Doctrines of Mitigation	263	(26)
The Case of John Gounagias	263	(2)
The Law	265	(3)
Remington and Ballinger's Annotated Codes and Statutes of Washington (1914)	265	(2)
Maher v. People	267	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 210.2. Murder; Section 210.3. Manslaughter	268	(1)
Overview of Homicide Mitigations	268	(5)
Problem: People v. Mentry: ``Mother Says She Was Told To Sit on Child, Who Died''	273	(1)
Discussion Materials: With What Characteristics of the Defendant, If Any, Should the Reasonable Person Standard Be Individualized?	274	(15)
Model Penal Code Section 210.3 Commentary	274	(1)
Director of Public Prosecutions v. Camplin	275	(2)
George P. Fletcher, Provocation	277	(2)
Paul H. Robinson & John M. Darley, Study 11: Individualization of the Objective Standard of Negligence	279	(3)
People v. Helen Wu	282	(7)
Causation	289	(30)
The Case of Joe Paul Govan	289	(2)
The Law	291	(8)
Arizona Revised Statutes (1980)	291	(7)
Model Penal Code Section 2.03. Causal Relationship Between Conduct and Result; Section 5.05. Mitigation in Cases of Lesser Danger	298	(1)
Problem: Manny the Master	299	(1)
Overview of Causation	300	(4)
Discussion Materials: Should Resulting Harm Be Relevant to Criminal Liability? Should a Completed Offense Be Punished More than an Unsuccessful Attempt?	304	(15)
Sanford H. Kadish, The Criminal Law and the Luck of the Draw	305	(5)
George P. Fletcher, A Crime of Self-Defense: Bernhard Goetz and the Law on Trial	310	(2)
Paul H. Robinson, The Role of Harm and Evil in Criminal Law: A Study in Legislative Deception?	312	(7)
PART IV. INCHOATE LIABILITY	319	(86)
Attempt Liability	321	(26)
The Case of Robert Jackson	321	(3)
The Law	324	(4)
United States Code (1976)	324	(2)
United States v. Mandujano	326	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 5.01. Criminal Attempt; Section 5.05. Mitigation in Cases of Lesser Danger	326	(2)
Problem: A Plan to Kill	328	(1)
Overview of Attempt Liability	329	(6)
Discussion Materials: What Conduct Toward an Offense Should Be Sufficient to Constitute a Criminal Attempt?	335	(12)
Model Penal Code Section 5.01 Commentary	336	(1)
Andrew Ashworth, Criminal Attempts and the Role of Resulting Harm under the Code, and in the Common Law	337	(2)
Francis B. Sayre, Criminal Attempts	339	(1)
Paul H. Robinson & John M. Darley, Study 1: Objective Requirements of Attempt; Conflict Between Community Views and Criminal Codes	340	(7)
Impossibility	347	(24)
The Case of John Henry Ivy	347	(2)
The Law	349	(5)
Mississippi Code Annotated (1988)	349	(3)
William Stokes v. State of Mississippi	352	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 5.01. Criminal Attempt; Section 5.05. Mitigation in Cases of Lesser Danger	353	(1)
Overview of Impossibility	354	(8)
People v. Rollino	354	(3)
Notes on Impossibility	357	(5)
Problem: The Smuggler's Deceit	362	(1)
Problem: In re ``The Nose . . .''	363	(1)
Discussion Materials: If It Is Impossible for a Person to Commit the Offense Attempted, Should the Attempt Nonetheless Constitute a Crime? In Other Words, Should a Potential for Actual Commission Be Required, Or Is a Subjective Belief in the Potential for Commission Enough?	364	(7)
George P. Fletcher, A Crime of Self-Defense: Bernhard Goetz and the Law on Trial	364	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 5.01 Commentary	364	(1)
Lawrence Crocker, Justice in Criminal Liability: Decriminalizing Harmless Attempts	365	(6)
Conspiracy	371	(34)
The Case of Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman	371	(5)
The Law	376	(13)
United States Code, Title 18 (1993)	376	(9)
Tates v. United States	385	(1)
Scales v. United States	385	(1)
United States v. Sinclair	385	(1)
Pinkerton v. United States	386	(1)
United States v. Falcone	386	(1)
United States v. Feola	386	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 5.03. Criminal Conspiracy; Section 1.07. Method of Prosecution When Conduct Constitutes More Than One Offense; Section 5.05. Multiple Convictions Barred	387	(2)
Overview of Conspiracy	389	(5)
Discussion Materials: Should the Criminal Law Recognize an Offense of Conspiracy?	394	(11)
Developments in the Law: Criminal Conspiracy	394	(3)
Model Penal Code Section 5.03 Commentary	397	(3)
Philip E. Johnson, The Unnecessary Crime of Conspiracy	400	(2)
David B. Filvaroff, Conspiracy and the First Amendment	402	(3)
PART V. DOCTRINES OF IMPUTATION	405	(122)
Notes on Imputation Generally	405	(4)
Voluntary Intoxication	409	(26)
The Case of Jordan Weaver	409	(4)
The Law	413	(4)
West's Annotated Indiana Codes (1991)	413	(2)
Rhodes v. State	415	(1)
Terry v. State of Indiana	416	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 2.08. Intoxication	416	(1)
Overview of Voluntary Intoxication	417	(5)
Notes on Voluntary Intoxication	417	(3)
Mitchell Keiter, Just Say No Excuse: The Rise and Fall of the Intoxication Defense	420	(2)
Problem: Food for Thought	422	(1)
Discussion Materials: What Level of Culpable Mental State, If Any, Should Be Imputed When It Is Absent Because the Offender Voluntarily Intoxicated Himself?	423	(12)
Director of Public Prosecutions v. Majewski	423	(5)
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Daniel Lee Graves	428	(1)
Stephen J. Morse, Fear of Danger, Flight from Culpability	429	(2)
Paul H. Robinson & John M. Darley, Study 10: Voluntary Intoxication	431	(1)
Paul H. Robinson, Causing the Conditions of One's Own Defense: A Study in the Limits of Theory in Criminal Law Doctrine	432	(3)
Complicity	435	(28)
The Case of Cardinal Bernard Law	435	(6)
The Law	441	(5)
Massachusetts General Laws Annotated (1988)	441	(4)
Commonwealth v. Morrow	445	(1)
Commonwealth v. Stout	445	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 2.06. Liability for Conduct of Another; Complicity	445	(1)
Overview of Complicity	446	(4)
Problem: Bib Tries to Help	450	(1)
Discussion Materials: Should Criminal Liability Be Imposed for Facilitating Conduct That One Knows Is a Crime, Even If Facilitating the Crime Is Not One's Purpose?	451	(12)
Model Penal Code Section 2.04 Tentative Draft No. 1 Commentary	451	(3)
Model Penal Code Section 2.06 Commentary	454	(2)
Paul H. Robinson & John M. Darley, Study 9: Culpability Requirements for Complicity	456	(5)
Wayne R. LaFave & Austin W. Scott, Accomplice Liability --- Acts and Mental State	461	(2)
The Act Requirement and Liability for an Omission	463	(38)
The Case of David Cash	463	(8)
The Law	471	(7)
Nevada Revised Statutes Annotated (1998)	471	(7)
Lee v. GNLV Corporation	478	(1)
Labastida v. State	478	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 2.01. Requirement of Voluntary Act	478	(1)
Problem: Dunning's Deal	478	(1)
Overview of the Act Requirement and Liability for an Omission	479	(9)
Notes on the Act Requirement	479	(6)
Notes on Liability for an Omission	485	(3)
Discussion Materials: Should There Be a Criminal-Law-Enforced Duty to Protect, Rescue, or Assist a Stranger in Danger If One Can Do So Without Unreasonable Risk or Inconvenience?	488	(13)
37 Who Saw Murder Didn't Call Police	489	(2)
Rhode Island General Laws Section 11-56-1	491	(1)
Vermont Statutes Annotated, Title 12, Chapter 23, Section 519 Emergency Medical Care	491	(1)
Wisconsin Statutes Annotated Section 940.34(1), (2) Duty to Aid Endangered Crime Victim	492	(1)
Joshua Dressler, Some Brief Thoughts (Mostly Negative) About ``Bad Samaritan'' Laws	492	(3)
Daniel B. Yeager, A Radical Community of Aid: A Rejoinder to Opponents of Affirmative Duties to Help Strangers	495	(3)
A Penal Code Prepared by the Indian Law Commissioners	498	(3)
Corporate Criminality	501	(26)
The Case of Ford Motor Company	501	(7)
The Law	508	(3)
Burns Indiana Statutes Annotated (1978)	508	(1)
Howell v. State	509	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 2.07. Liability of Corporations, Unincorporated Associations and Persons Acting, or Under a Duty to Act, in Their Behalf	510	(1)
Overview of Corporate Criminality	511	(3)
Problem: Evergreen Greenbacks	514	(1)
Discussion Materials: Should Criminal Liability Be Imposed on a Legal Fiction, Such as a Corporation?	515	(12)
John Coffee, Corporate Criminal Responsibility	516	(3)
Douglas S. Anderson, Corporate Homicide: The Stark Realities of Artificial Beings and Legal Fictions	519	(2)
Paul H. Robinson & Michael Cahill, Law Without Justice: How and Why Criminal Law Deliberately Sacrifices Desert	521	(3)
Andrew Ashworth, A New Form of Corporate Liability?	524	(3)
PART VI. GENERAL DEFENSES	527	(2)
PART VI.a. Justification Defenses Generally	529	(128)
Overview of Justification Defenses Generally	529	(2)
Lesser Evils Defense	531	(28)
The Case of the Israeli General Security Service	531	(4)
The Law	535	(5)
Israeli Penal Law	535	(5)
Model Penal Code Section 3.02. Justification Generally; Choice of Evils	540	(1)
Problem: A Life-Saving Break-In	540	(1)
Overview of Lesser Evils Defense	541	(6)
Discussion Materials: What Limitations, If Any, Should Be Placed on the Lesser Evils Justification Defense? Should the Defense Even Be Recognized?	547	(12)
State v. Warshow	547	(3)
State v. Green	550	(2)
Kent Greenawalt, Conflicts of Law and Morality --- Instructions of Amelioration	552	(4)
Steven M. Bauer & Peter J. Eckerstrom, The State Made Me Do It: The Applicability of the Necessity Defense to Civil Disobedience	556	(3)
Defensive Force Justifications	559	(40)
The Case of Bernhard Goetz	559	(4)
The Law	563	(13)
New York Penal Law (1984)	563	(10)
Model Penal Code Section 3.04. Use of Force in Self-Protection; Section 3.06. Use of Force for the Protection of Property	573	(3)
Overview of Defensive Force Justifications	576	(6)
Problem: Rosie's Home Run	582	(1)
Discussion Materials: Should the Criminal Law Give a Defense for the Use of Whatever Force Is Necessary to Defend Persons or Property Against an Unlawful Attack? Or Should the Law Deny a Defense If the Force, Even Though Necessary for Defense, Would Injure Interests Greater Than Those Injured by the Unlawful Attack?	582	(17)
Judgment of the German Supreme Court of September 20, 1920	583	(1)
John Q. LaFond, The Case for Liberalizing the Use of Deadly Force in Self-Defense	584	(3)
Model Penal Code Section 3.04 Commentary	587	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 3.06 Commentary	588	(1)
George P. Fletcher, Proportionality and the Psychotic Aggressor: A Vignette in Comparative Criminal Theory	589	(3)
Garrett Epps, Any Which Way But Loose: Interpretive Strategies and Attitudes Toward Violence in the Evolution of the Anglo-American ``Retreat Rule''	592	(3)
Paul H. Robinson & John M. Darley, Study 6: Use of Force in Defense of Property	595	(4)
Public Authority Justifications	599	(28)
The Case of Officer Elton Hymon	599	(4)
The Law	603	(8)
Tennessee Code Annotated (1974)	603	(3)
Morelock v. State	606	(1)
Leake v. State	606	(1)
Copeland v. State	607	(1)
Bouie v. City of Columbia	607	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 3.03. Execution of Public Duty; Section 3.07. Use of Force in Law Enforcement; Section 3.08. Use of Force by Persons with Special Responsibility for Care, Discipline or Safety of Others	608	(3)
Overview of Public Authority Justifications	611	(4)
Problem: Docker's Box	615	(1)
Discussion Materials: Should the Criminal Law Allow the Shooting of a Fleeing Felon If It Is Necessary to Prevent Escape?	616	(11)
Paul H. Robinson & John M. Darley, Study 7: Citizen's Law Enforcement Authority	617	(3)
Tennessee v. Garner et al.	620	(4)
Abraham N. Tennenbaum, The Influence of the Garner Decision on Police Use of Deadly Force	624	(3)
Mistake as to a Justification	627	(30)
The Case of Richard John Jahnke, Jr.	627	(4)
The Law	631	(7)
Wyoming Statutes (1982)	631	(3)
Loy v. State	634	(1)
Ross v. State	634	(1)
State v. Helton	635	(1)
Foley v. State	635	(1)
Harries v. State	636	(1)
Delaney v. State	636	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 3.09. Reckless or Negligent Use of Otherwise Justifiable Force; Section 2.10. Military Orders	637	(1)
Problem: Moro's Mistake	638	(1)
Overview of Mistake as to a Justification	638	(7)
Discussion Materials: Should the Criminal Law Recognize a Defense or Mitigation for an Honest But Unreasonable Mistake as to a Justification?	645	(12)
Herbert Wechsler & Jerome Michael, The Rationale of the Law of Homicide	645	(1)
People v. Young	646	(3)
Model Penal Code Section 3.09(2) Commentary	649	(1)
Paul H. Robinson & John M. Darley, Testing Competing Theories of Justification	650	(7)
PART VI.b. Excuse Defenses Generally	657	(112)
Overview of the Nature of Excuses	657	(8)
Mistake Excuses	665	(22)
The Case of Bernard Barker	665	(4)
The Law	669	(3)
United States Code, Title 18 (1971)	669	(1)
United States v. Simpson	669	(1)
United States v. Mancuso	669	(1)
Raley v. Ohio	670	(1)
Cox v. Louisiana	670	(1)
Finn v. United States	670	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 2.04. Ignorance or Mistake	671	(1)
Overview of General Mistake of Law Excuse	672	(3)
Problem: Sophie's Stand	675	(1)
Discussion Materials: Should the Criminal Law Recognize an Excuse Defense for a Reasonable Mistake of Law?	676	(11)
Thomas W. White, Reliance on Apparent Authority as a Defense to Criminal Prosecutions	676	(1)
Louis B. Schwartz, Reform of the Federal Criminal Laws: Issues, Tactics and Prospects	677	(1)
George P. Fletcher, Arguments for Strict Liability: Mistakes of Law	677	(3)
People v. Marrero	680	(3)
Dan M. Kahan, Ignorance of the Law Is an Excuse --- But Only for the Virtuous	683	(4)
Insanity	687	(38)
The Case of Andrew Goldstein	687	(5)
The Law	692	(6)
New York Penal Code (1999)	692	(5)
People v. Segal	697	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 4.01. Mental Disease or Defect Excluding Responsibility; Section 4.02. Evidence of Mental Disease or Defect Admissible When Relevant to Element of the Offense	698	(1)
Overview of Insanity	698	(11)
Notes on the Insanity Defense	698	(8)
Lisa Callahan, et al., Insanity Defense Reform in the United States --- Post-Hinckley	706	(3)
Problem: Michael's Madness	709	(1)
Discussion Materials: Should the Criminal Law Recognize an Excuse Defense for an Offender Who, Because of Mental Illness, Knows His Conduct Constituting the Offense Is Wrong But Lacks the Capacity to Control It?	710	(15)
United States v. Robert Lyons	710	(4)
Legislative History to Public Law 98-473, Title IV, Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1983	714	(2)
Jodie English, The Light Between Twilight and Dusk: Federal Criminal Law and the Volitional Insanity Defense	716	(3)
Paul H. Robinson & John M. Darley, Study 12: Insanity	719	(6)
Disability Excuses	725	(44)
The Case of Patty Hearst	725	(8)
The Law	733	(2)
United States Code, Title 18 (1974)	733	(1)
United States v. Gordon	734	(1)
D'Aquino v. United States	735	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 2.08. Intoxication; Section 2.09. Duress	735	(1)
Problem: Arthur's Adventure	735	(2)
Overview of Disability Excuses	737	(6)
Problem: The Brothers' Brawl	743	(1)
Problem: Hypnotizing Bunny	744	(1)
Problem: Who Is Timothy Drum?	745	(1)
Problem: People v. Kimura: ``A `Cultural Defense' at Issue in Trial''	746	(2)
Overview of Problematic Excuses	748	(5)
Discussion Materials: Should the Criminal Law Recognize an Excuse Defense for a Person Who Commits an Offense Because Coercively Indoctrinated with Values and Beliefs That Make the Person Want to Do So?	753	(16)
Paul H. Robinson, Are We Responsible for Who We Are? The Case of Richard R. Tenneson	753	(2)
Richard Delgado, Ascription of Criminal States of Mind: Toward a Defense Theory for the Coercively Persuaded (``Brainwashed'') Defendant	755	(2)
Joshua Dressler, Professor Delgado's ``Brainwashing'' Defense: Courting a Determinist Legal System	757	(4)
Richard Delgado, A Response to Professor Dressler	761	(2)
United States v. Alexander	763	(6)
PART VI.c. Nonexculpatory Defenses Generally	769	(28)
Overview of Nonexculpatory Defenses Generally	769	(2)
Entrapment	771	(26)
The Case of John DeLorean	771	(5)
The Law	776	(9)
United States Code (1982)	776	(6)
Grimm v. United States	782	(1)
Sorrells v. United States	782	(1)
Hampton v. United States	783	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 2.13. Entrapment	784	(1)
Overview of Entrapment	785	(4)
Problem: JJ's Out	789	(1)
Discussion Materials: Should the Criminal Law Recognize an Entrapment Defense?	789	(8)
Model Penal Code Section 2.13 Commentary	789	(3)
Louis Michael Seidman, The Supreme Court, Entrapment, and Our Criminal Justice Dilemma	792	(3)
Andrew J. Ashworth, Defences of General Application: The Law Commission's Report No. 83: (3) Entrapment	795	(2)
PART VII. CHANGING PATTERNS OF CRIMINALITY	797	(64)
Rape	799	(34)
The Case of Eric Steven Carlson	799	(2)
The Law	801	(12)
Michigan Statutes Annotated (2000)	801	(6)
People v. Premo	807	(1)
People v. Berlin	808	(1)
People v. Jansson	808	(1)
People v. Hale	808	(1)
People v. Lardie & Hudick	809	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 213.1. Rape and Related Offenses	809	(4)
Overview of Rape	813	(5)
Margaret T. Gordon & Stephanie Riger, The Female Fear: The Social Cost of Rape	813	(2)
Wayne R. LaFave, Rape --- Overview; Act and Mental State	815	(3)
Problem: Bob and Linda	818	(1)
Discussion Materials: Should Rape Liability Be Allowed in the Absence of Force or Threat of Force? Should It Be Allowed Upon Use of Nonphysical Coercion to Gain Acquiescence?	819	(14)
Susan Ager, The Incident	819	(1)
Stephen J. Schulhofer, Rape: Legal Aspects	820	(3)
David P. Bryden, Redefining Rape	823	(5)
Wisconsin Statutes Section 940.225. Sexual Assault	828	(3)
Catharine MacKinnon, A Rally Against Rape	831	(2)
Hate Crimes	833	(28)
The Case of Todd Mitchell	833	(3)
The Law	836	(3)
Wisconsin Statutes (1989)	836	(3)
Overview of Hate Crimes	839	(9)
James B. Jacobs & Kimberly Potter, Hate Crime Laws	839	(9)
Discussion Materials: Should the Criminal Law Impose Additional Liability and Punishment for an Offense That Is Motivated by Hatred Toward an Identifiable Group?	848	(13)
Frederick M. Lawrence, Punishing Hate: Bias Crimes Under American Law	848	(6)
Susan Gellman, Hate Crime Laws Are Thought Crime Laws	854	(7)
PART VIII. PROVING CRIMES	861	(10)
Proving Crimes	863	(8)
The Law	863	(1)
Model Penal Code Section 1.12. Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt	863	(1)
Overview of Proving Crimes	864	(7)
APPENDIX A. ADVANCED ISSUES	871	(94)
Theories of Punishment	873	(6)
Advanced Issues	873	(6)
Notes on Hybrid Distributive Principles	873	(6)
Culpability Requirements	879	(18)
Advanced Issues	879	(18)
Notes on Determining Offense Culpability Requirements	879	(18)
Culpability and Mistake	897	(2)
Advanced Issues	897	(2)
Flow Chart of Functions of Criminal Law	897	(2)
Homicide: Doctrines of Aggravation	899	(2)
Advanced Issues	899	(2)
California Penal Code §§ 187, 188, 189, 192. Homicide Offenses	899	(2)
Death Penalty	901	(4)
Advanced Issues	901	(4)
Elizabeth Rapaport, The Death Penalty and Gender Discrimination, cont.	901	(4)
Causation	905	(8)
Advanced Issues Relating to Causation	905	(4)
Notes on Causation	905	(4)
Advanced Issues Relating to the Significance of Resulting Harm	909	(4)
Sanford H. Kadish, The Criminal Law and the Luck of the Draw	909	(4)
Attempt Liability	913	(6)
Advanced Issues	913	(6)
Notes on the Culpability Requirements of Attempt Liability	913	(3)
Problem: Gambling Life	916	(3)
Impossibility	919	(8)
Advanced Issues	919	(8)
Notes on Impossibility	919	(1)
Problem: The Crays Go to Church	920	(7)
Conspiracy	927	(14)
Advanced Issues	927	(14)
Note, Conspiracy: Statutory Reform Since the Model Penal Code	927	(4)
Further Notes on Conspiracy Culpability Requirements	931	(4)
Problem: Selling Death	935	(1)
Notes on Collateral Consequences of Conspiracy	935	(4)
Problem: Bank Robbery with a Sub	939	(1)
Problem: Bongo Sam Blows It	939	(2)
Voluntary Intoxication	941	(2)
Advanced Issues	941	(2)
Current Indiana Statutes	941	(1)
Sanchez v. State of Indiana	941	(2)
Complicity	943	(10)
Advanced Issues	943	(10)
Notes on Complicity Culpability Requirements	943	(4)
Notes on the Requirements for Liability for Causing Crime by an Innocent	947	(3)
Problem: The Egg Hunt	950	(3)
Corporate Criminality	953	(2)
Advanced Issues	953	(2)
Problem: Collapse at Kalahoo No. 3	953	(2)
Defensive Force Justifications	955	(4)
Advanced Issues	955	(4)
Notes on the Unknowingly Justified Actor	955	(4)
Mistake Excuses	959	(2)
Law (Subsequent)	959	(2)
Entrapment 951	961	(4)
Advanced Issues	961	(4)
Notes on Limiting the Detrimental Effects of Nonexculpatory Defenses	961	(4)
APPENDIX B. MODEL PENAL CODE SELECTED PROVISIONS	965	(100)
Table of Authors	1065	(2)
Table of Model Penal Code References	1067	(4)
Index	1071