Criminal Law Emanuel Law Outline

by Emanuel, Steven L.

• ISBN13: 9780735534674
• ISBN10: 0735534675
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-08-01
• Publisher: Wolters Kluwer

Summary

Relied on by generations of law school students, Emanuel Outlines include detailed reviews of critical issues and key topics, short answer questions, Q&A's, and correlation charts referencing leading casebooks.

Table of Contents

Capsule Summary	p. 1
Actus Reus and Mens Rea
Actus Reus	p. 1
Significance of "actus reus" concept	p. 1
Distinguished from thoughts, words, possession and status	p. 1
Act must be voluntary	p. 3
Omissions	p. 5
Quiz Yourself on Actus Reus	p. 9
Mens Rea	p. 11
Introduction	p. 11
General versus specific intent	p. 12
Common law vs. statutory crimes	p. 13
Presumption of intent	p. 14
Different states of mind	p. 14
"Purposely"	p. 14
"Knowingly"	p. 16
"Recklessly"	p. 19
"Negligently"	p. 20
Strict liability	p. 21
Vicarious liability	p. 24
Mistakes of fact or law	p. 26
Quiz Yourself on Mens Rea	p. 33
Concurrence	p. 35
Concurrence generally	p. 35
Concurrence between mind and act ("temporal concurrence")	p. 35
Concurrence between mind and result	p. 37
Quiz Yourself on Concurrence	p. 40
Exam Tips on Actus Reas and Mens Rea	p. 41
Causation
Introduction	p. 44
Cause in Fact	p. 44
Cause in fact generally	p. 44
Proximate Cause Generally	p. 46
Proximate cause, in general	p. 46
No mechanical principles	p. 46
Proximate Cause--Unintended Victims	p. 47
Unintended victims generally	p. 47
Resulting crime is more serious	p. 48
Application where different property destroyed	p. 48
Actual victim not foreseeable	p. 49
Must be linked to "manner of harm" problems	p. 49
Defense assertable against intended victim	p. 49
Mistake of identity	p. 49
Crimes of recklessness or negligence	p. 50
Proximate Cause--Unintended Manner of Harm	p. 51
Unintended manner of harm generally	p. 51
Direct causation	p. 51
Intervening acts	p. 53
Causation in felony-murder and misdemeanor-manslaughter cases	p. 60
Strict liability crimes	p. 61
Quiz Yourself on Causation (Entire Chapter)	p. 61
Exam Tips on Causation	p. 64
Responsibility
The Insanity Defense	p. 67
General purpose	p. 67
Tests for insanity	p. 68
M'Naghten "right-wrong" rule	p. 68
"Irresistible impulse"	p. 70
The Durham "product" test	p. 70
Model Penal Code standard	p. 70
The federal standard	p. 72
Raising and establishing the defense	p. 73
XYY chromosome defense	p. 77
Commitment following insanity acquittal	p. 77
Fitness to stand trial	p. 78
Insanity at time set for execution	p. 79
Quiz Yourself on the Insanity Defense	p. 79
Diminished Responsibility	p. 80
Meaning of diminished responsibility	p. 80
Insanity defense sometimes held to be superseding	p. 81
Specific applications	p. 82
Automatism	p. 83
Nature of automatism defense	p. 83
Defense sometimes superseded by insanity	p. 83
Generally allowed in America	p. 83
Intoxication	p. 84
The problem generally	p. 84
Voluntary intoxication	p. 84
Involuntary intoxication	p. 89
Alcoholism and narcotics addiction	p. 91
Quiz Yourself on Intoxication	p. 92
Infancy	p. 94
Common-law treatment	p. 94
Effect of legislation	p. 94
Exam Tips on Responsibility	p. 95
Justification and Excuse
General Principles	p. 98
Justification vs. excuse	p. 98
Effect of mistake of fact	p. 98
Overlapping of defenses	p. 99
Duress	p. 100
Nature of duress	p. 100
Elements of the defense	p. 100
Rationale for defense	p. 100
Homicide cases	p. 100
Imminence of threatened harm	p. 101
Death or serious bodily injury	p. 101
Threat directed at person other than defendant	p. 101
Effect of mistake	p. 102
Defendant who voluntarily subjects himself to danger	p. 102
Wife coerced by husband	p. 102
Military orders	p. 102
Guilt of coercer	p. 102
Relation to "choice of evils" or "necessity" defense	p. 103
Necessity	p. 103
The necessity defense generally	p. 103
Requirements for defense	p. 104
Illustrative examples	p. 104
Homicide	p. 105
Economic necessity not sufficient	p. 106
Civil disobedience	p. 106
Prevention of "possible future harm" not sufficient	p. 106
Self-Defense	p. 107
Self-defense generally	p. 107
Requirements	p. 107
What constitutes unlawful force	p. 107
Degree of force	p. 108
Deadly force	p. 108
Imminence of harm	p. 109
Aggressor may not defend himself	p. 110
Retreat	p. 112
Effect of mistake	p. 113
Battered women and self-defense	p. 115
Resisting arrest	p. 118
Injury to third person	p. 119
"Imperfect" self-defense	p. 120
Burden of proof	p. 120
Defense of Others	p. 121
Right to defend others in general	p. 121
Relation between defendant and aided person	p. 121
Requirements for defense	p. 121
Retreat	p. 121
Mistake as to who is aggressor	p. 122
Defense of Property	p. 123
Right to defend property generally	p. 123
Deadly force not generally allowed	p. 123
Use of mechanical devices	p. 124
Recapture of chattel and of re-entry on land	p. 125
Prevention of Escape & Crime	p. 125
Law Enforcement privilege generally	p. 125
Arrest	p. 126
Prevention of escape	p. 129
Crime prevention	p. 129
Maintaining Authority	p. 130
Right to maintain authority generally	p. 130
Parents of minor	p. 130
School teacher	p. 131
Consent	p. 131
Effect of consent by victim	p. 131
Incapacity to consent	p. 132
Contributory negligence of victim	p. 132
Guilt of victim	p. 132
Condonation and compromise	p. 132
Entrapment	p. 133
Entrapment generally	p. 133
Evidence	p. 134
Distinguish from "missing element" cases	p. 134
Quiz Yourself on Justification and Excuse (Entire Chapter)	p. 135
Exam Tips on Justification and Excuse	p. 141
Attempt
Introduction	p. 146
Concept of attempt generally	p. 146
Mental State	p. 148
Intent usually required	p. 148
The Act--Attempt vs. "Mere Preparation"	p. 150
Attempt distinguished from mere preparation	p. 150
The proximity approach	p. 150
The "equivocality" test	p. 153
Model Penal Code's "substantial step" test	p. 154
Impossibility	p. 157
Nature of "impossibility" defense	p. 157
Factual impossibility	p. 157
"True legal" impossibility	p. 158
Mistake of fact governing legal relationship	p. 158
"Inherent" impossibility (inaptness and superstition)	p. 161
Renunciation	p. 162
Renunciation of criminal purpose	p. 162
Modern view accepts defense	p. 163
Voluntariness requirement	p. 164
Attempt-Like Crimes	p. 165
Inchoate crimes generally	p. 165
Attempt to commit attempt-like crimes	p. 165
Constitutional objections to attempt-like crimes	p. 166
Mechanics of Trial; Punishment	p. 166
Relation between charge and conviction	p. 166
Penalties	p. 167
Quiz Yourself on Attempt (Entire Chapter)	p. 167
Exam Tips on Attempt	p. 171
Conspiracy
Introduction	p. 174
Definition of "conspiracy"	p. 174
Purposes of conspiracy law	p. 174
Procedural advantages	p. 175
The Agreement	p. 175
"Meeting of the minds" not required	p. 175
Aiding and abetting	p. 176
Parties do not agree to commit object crime	p. 177
Feigned agreement	p. 177
Knowledge of the identity of other conspirator	p. 178
Mens Rea	p. 178
The intent requirement generally	p. 178
Intent to commit object crime	p. 178
Supplying of goods and services	p. 180
Differing mental states	p. 181
The Conspiratorial Objective	p. 182
Non-criminal objectives	p. 182
Overt act requirement	p. 183
Impossibility	p. 184
Substantive liability for crimes of other conspirators	p. 184
Scope: Multiple Parties	p. 185
Parties not in contact with each other	p. 185
"Wheel" conspiracies	p. 186
"Chain" conspiracies	p. 187
Organized crime	p. 187
Party who comes late or leaves early	p. 188
Duration of the Conspiracy	p. 188
Significance of issue	p. 188
Abandonment	p. 189
Plurality	p. 191
Significance of plurality requirement	p. 191
Wharton's Rule	p. 191
Statutory purpose not to punish one party	p. 193
Spouses and corporations	p. 194
Inconsistent disposition	p. 194
Punishment	p. 195
Typical penalty schemes	p. 195
Cumulative sentencing	p. 195
Quiz Yourself on Conspiracy (Entire Chapter)	p. 196
Exam Tips on Conspiracy	p. 201
Accomplice Liability and Solicitation
Parties to Crime	p. 205
Various parties	p. 205
Procedural effects of classification	p. 206
Accomplices--the Act Requirement	p. 206
Aiding and abetting	p. 206
Aid not crucial	p. 207
Conspiracy as meeting the act requirement	p. 208
Accomplices--Mental State	p. 209
General confusion	p. 209
Intentional aid	p. 209
Knowledge, but not intent, as to criminal result	p. 210
Assistance with crime of recklessness or negligence	p. 211
Strict liability	p. 212
Accomplices--Additional Crimes by Principal	p. 212
Results that are "natural and probable" but not intended	p. 212
Guilt of the Principal	p. 216
Principal must generally be guilty	p. 216
Principal without required mental state	p. 217
Withdrawal by the Accomplice	p. 218
Withdrawal as defense	p. 218
Other Exceptions to Accomplice Liability	p. 219
Victims and Other Exceptions to Accomplice Liability	p. 219
Defendant who could not be liable as principal	p. 219
Exceptions for certain classes	p. 220
Post-Crime Assistance	p. 221
Accessory after the fact	p. 221
Elements of the offense	p. 221
Misprision of felony	p. 221
Compounding crime	p. 222
Solicitation	p. 222
Solicitation defined	p. 222
No overt act required	p. 222
No corroboration required	p. 222
Mental state	p. 222
Solicitation of accomplice	p. 223
Communication not received	p. 223
Defenses	p. 223
Solicitation as an attempted crime	p. 223
Quiz Yourself on Accomplice Liability and Solication (Entire Chapter)	p. 224
Exam Tips on Accomplice Liability and Solicitation	p. 227
Homicide, and Other Crimes Against the Person
Homicide--Introduction	p. 230
Different grades of homicide	p. 230
Murder	p. 230
Taking of life	p. 230
Elements of murder	p. 232
Intent-to-kill murder	p. 233
Intent to do serious bodily injury	p. 234
Reckless indifference to value of human life ("depraved heart")	p. 235
Felony-Murder	p. 237
Felony-murder generally	p. 237
Dangerous vs. non-dangerous felonies	p. 237
Causal relationship	p. 238
Accomplice liability of co-felons	p. 241
"In the commission of" a felony	p. 242
Felony is includible in homicide	p. 243
Future of the felony-murder rule	p. 244
Degrees of Murder	p. 246
Degrees of murder	p. 246
Death Penalty	p. 246
First-degree murder	p. 248
Second-degree murder	p. 250
Manslaughter--Voluntary	p. 250
Manslaughter generally	p. 250
Voluntary manslaughter based on "heat of passion"	p. 250
Requirements for voluntary manslaughter	p. 250
Reasonable provocation	p. 251
Actual provocation	p. 254
Reasonable "cooling off period"	p. 254
Actual cooling off	p. 254
Killing of one other than provoker	p. 255
Other kinds of voluntary manslaughter	p. 255
Manslaughter--Involuntary	p. 257
Involuntary manslaughter based on criminal negligence	p. 257
Unlawful-act manslaughter ("misdemeanor-manslaughter")	p. 259
Quiz Yourself on Homicide (All Forms)	p. 261
Assault, Battery and Mayhem	p. 266
Battery	p. 266
Assault	p. 267
Mayhem	p. 268
Rape	p. 268
Definition of rape	p. 268
Statutory rape	p. 271
Kidnapping	p. 272
Definition of kidnapping	p. 272
Quiz Yourself on Non-Homicide Crimes Against the Person	p. 272
Exam Tips on Homicide and other Crimes	p. 274
Theft Crimes
Historical Overview	p. 283
Larceny was judge-made crime	p. 283
Larceny	p. 284
Definition	p. 284
Trespassory taking	p. 284
Carrying away ("asportation")	p. 289
Personal property of another	p. 289
Property of another	p. 290
Intent to steal	p. 291
Degrees of larceny	p. 294
Embezzlement	p. 294
Definition	p. 294
Need for embezzlement crime	p. 294
Conversion	p. 295
Property of another	p. 295
By one in lawful possession	p. 297
Fraudulent taking	p. 298
False Pretenses	p. 299
Definition	p. 399
False representation of present or past fact	p. 300
Reliance	p. 301
Passing of title	p. 302
Property of another	p. 303
Defendant's mental state	p. 303
Defenses	p. 304
Crimes related to false pretenses	p. 304
Consolidation of Theft Crimes	p. 305
Receiving Stolen Property	p. 306
Need for punishing receipt	p. 306
Elements of offense	p. 306
Burglary	p. 307
Common-law burglary	p. 307
Breaking	p. 307
Entry	p. 307
Dwelling of another	p. 308
Nighttime	p. 308
Intent to commit a felony	p. 308
Robbery	p. 308
Definition of robbery	p. 308
From the person or presence of owner	p. 309
Use of violence or intimidation	p. 309
Aggravated robbery	p. 309
Blackmail and Extortion	p. 310
Nature of offense	p. 310
Nature of threat	p. 310
Attempt to recover property	p. 310
Quiz Yourself on Theft Crimes (Entire Chapter)	p. 310
Exam Tips on Theft Crimes	p. 315
Essay Exam Questions and Answers	p. 322
Multistate-Style questions and Answers	p. 331
Tables and Indexes	p. 347
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