Criminal Procedure

by Lafave, Wayne R.; Israel, Jerold H.; King, Nancy J.

• ISBN13: 9780314247971
• ISBN10: 0314247971
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-06-01
• Publisher: West Group

Summary

Constitutionalization of Criminal Procedure; Arrest, Search and Seizure; Wiretapping and Electronic Surveillance; Police "Encouragement" and the Entrapment Defense; Interrogation anti Confessions; Identification Procedures; Grand Jury Investigation; Scope of the Exclusionary Rules; Administration of the Exclusionary Rules; Right to Counsel; Pretrial Release; Decision Whether to Prosecute; Preliminary Hearing; Grand Jury Review; Location of the Prosecution; The Scope of the Prosecution: Joinder and Severance; Speedy Trial and Other Prompt Disposition; Accusatory Pleading; Discovery and Disclosure; Pleas of Guilty; Trial By Jury anti Impartial Judge; Fair Trial and Free Press; The Criminal Trial; Retrials and Double Jeopardy; Sentencing Procedures; Appeals; Collateral Review: Federal Habeas Writ.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Westlaw Overview	ix
PART ONE. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
An Overview of the Criminal Justice Process	2	(45)
The Subject Under Inquiry	3	(1)
Describing the Fifty-Two Separate Criminal Justice Processes	3	(4)
The Steps in the Process	7	(18)
The Cornerstone Objectives of the Process	25	(14)
The Laws Regulating the Process	39	(8)
The Constitutionalization of Criminal Procedure	47	(63)
The Elements of Constitutionalization	48	(2)
The Fourteenth Amendment and the Extension of the Bill of Rights Guarantees to the States	50	(2)
Total Incorporation	52	(3)
Fundamental Fairness	55	(10)
Selective Incorporation	65	(5)
Application of the Selective Incorporation Doctrine	70	(7)
The Independent Content of Due Process	77	(11)
The Preference for Expansive Interpretations	88	(7)
Guideposts for Interpretation	95	(15)
PART TWO. DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION OF CRIME
Arrest, Search and Seizure	110	(148)
The Exclusionary Rule and Other Remedies	112	(21)
Protected Areas and Interests	133	(13)
Probable Cause	146	(16)
Search Warrants	162	(16)
Seizure and Search of Presons and Personal Effects	178	(14)
Entry and Search of Premises	192	(10)
Search and Seizure of Vehicles	202	(13)
Stop and Frisk and Similar Lesser Intrusions	215	(14)
Inspections and Regulatory Searches	229	(17)
Consent Searches	246	(12)
Wiretapping and Electronic Surveillance	258	(36)
Historical Background	259	(2)
Title III and the Fourth Amendment	261	(8)
Title III: What Surveillance Covered	269	(8)
Title III: Application for and Issuance of Court Order	277	(6)
Title III: Executing the Order	283	(4)
Title III: Remedies	287	(7)
Police ``encouragement'' and The Entrapment Defense	294	(13)
Encouragement of Crime and the Defense of Entrapment	294	(2)
Subjective Versus Objective Test for Entrapment	296	(4)
Procedural Considerations	300	(3)
Other Challenges to Encouragement Practices	303	(4)
Interrogation and Confessions	307	(67)
Introduction and Overview	308	(3)
The ``Voluntariness'' Test	311	(7)
The Prompt Appearance Requirement	318	(3)
The Right to Counsel	321	(11)
The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination; Miranda	332	(5)
Miranda: When Interrogation Is ``Custodial''	337	(6)
Miranda: ``Interrogation''	343	(10)
Miranda: Required Warnings	353	(4)
Miranda: Waiver of Rights	357	(12)
Miranda: Nature of Offense, Interrogator, and Proceedings	369	(5)
Identification Procedures	374	(24)
Introduction	374	(3)
The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination	377	(3)
The Right to Counsel and to Confrontation	380	(9)
Due Process: ``The Totality of the Circumstances''	389	(6)
Additional Possible Safeguards	395	(3)
Grand Jury Investigation	398	(91)
Dual Functions of the Grand Jury	399	(2)
Historical Development	401	(4)
Investigative Advantages	405	(4)
The Legal Structure of the Investigative Grand Jury	409	(5)
Grand Jury Secrecy	414	(11)
The Right to Every Man's Evidence	425	(2)
Fourth Amendment Challenges to Subpoenas	427	(7)
Challenges to Misuse of the Subpoena Authority	434	(10)
Grand Jury Inquiries Based on Illegally Obtained Evidence	444	(3)
Grand Jury Testimony and the Privilege Against Self-Incrimination	447	(6)
Immunity and Compelled Testimony	453	(6)
Self-Incrimination and the Compulsory Production of Documents	459	(8)
Application of the Act-of-Production Doctrine	467	(10)
Judicial Decisions and the History and Policies of the Self-Incrimination Privilege	477	(8)
The Witness' Right to Counsel	485	(4)
Scope of the Exclusionary Rules	489	(42)
Standing: The ``Personal Rights'' Approach	489	(9)
Standing: Other Possible Bases	498	(4)
``Fruit of the Poisonous Tree'' Theories	502	(6)
Fruits of Illegal Arrests and Searches	508	(11)
Fruits of Illegally Obtained Confessions	519	(4)
Permissible Use of Illegally Obtained Evidence at Trial	523	(8)
Administration of the Exclusionary Rules	531	(21)
The Pretrial Motion to Suppress	531	(2)
Waiver or Forfeiture of Objection	533	(2)
Burden of Proof	535	(5)
Standard of Proof	540	(3)
The Suppression Hearing	543	(4)
The Ruling and Its Effect	547	(5)
PART THREE. THE COMMENCEMENT OF FORMAL PROCEEDINGS
The Right to Counsel	552	(85)
The Constitutional Rights to Retained and Appointed Counsel	553	(13)
Scope of the Indigent's Right to Counsel and Other Assistance	566	(13)
Waiver of the Right to Counsel	579	(3)
Choice of Counsel	582	(5)
The Constitutional Right to Self-Representation	587	(6)
Counsel's Control Over Defense Strategy	593	(6)
The Right to Effective Assistance of Counsel: Guiding Principles	599	(7)
Ineffective Assistance Claims Based Upon State Interference and Other Extrinsic Factors	606	(5)
Ineffective Assistance Claims Based Upon Attorney Conflicts of Interest	611	(14)
Ineffective Assistance Claims Based Upon Lawyer Incompetence	625	(12)
Pretrial Release	637	(30)
Pretrial Release Procedures	637	(4)
Constitutionality of Limits on Pretrial Freedom	641	(6)
Constitutionality of Mandating Pretrial Detention	647	(11)
Special Situations	658	(5)
Alternatives to Arrest	663	(4)
The Decision Whether to Prosecute	667	(36)
Nature of the Decision	668	(2)
Discretionary Enforcement	670	(6)
Challenges to and Checks Upon the Decision Not to Prosecute	676	(3)
Challenging the Decision to Prosecute: Equal Protection	679	(7)
Other Challenges to the Decision to Prosecute	686	(7)
Challenges to the Decision to Forego or Terminate Diversion	693	(4)
Challenges to the Charge Selection	697	(6)
The Preliminary Hearing	703	(26)
Functions of the Preliminary Hearing	703	(5)
Defendant's Right to a Preliminary Hearing	708	(6)
The Bindover Determination	714	(5)
Preliminary Hearing Procedures	719	(10)
Grand Jury Review	729	(62)
Defendant's Right to Prosecution by Indictment	730	(7)
The Structure of Grand Jury Screening	737	(8)
The Effectiveness of Grand Jury Screening	745	(4)
Indictment Challenges Based Upon Grand Jury Composition	749	(13)
Indictment Challenges Based Upon Evidentiary Grounds	762	(8)
Misconduct Challenges: General Principles	770	(11)
Common Prosecutorial Misconduct Claims	781	(10)
The Location of the Prosecution	791	(34)
Venue: General Principles	791	(14)
Applying the Crime-Committed Formula	805	(13)
Change of Venue	818	(7)
The Scope of the Prosecution: Joinder and Severance	825	(28)
Joinder and Severance of Offenses	825	(3)
Joinder and Severance of Defendants	828	(8)
Joinder and Severance: Procedural Considerations	836	(3)
Failure to Join Related Offenses	839	(14)
Speedy Trial and Other Prompt Disposition	853	(25)
The Constitutional Right to Speedy Trial	853	(4)
The Constitutional Balancing Test	857	(5)
Statutes and Court Rules on Speedy Trial	862	(4)
The Imprisoned Defendant	866	(4)
The Right to Other Speedy Disposition	870	(8)
PART FOUR. THE ADVERSARY SYSTEM AND THE DETERMINATION OF GUILT AND INNOCENCE
The Accusatory Pleading	878	(31)
The Liberalization of Pleading Requirements	878	(4)
Pleading Functions	882	(6)
Basic Pleading Defects	888	(7)
Bill of Particulars	895	(3)
Amendments of the Pleading	898	(6)
Variances	904	(5)
Discovery and Disclosure	909	(46)
The Expansion of Discovery	910	(5)
The Structure of Discovery Law	915	(3)
Defense Discovery	918	(13)
Constitutional Limitations Upon Pretrial Discovery for the Prosecution	931	(10)
Prosecution Discovery Provisions	941	(5)
Sanctions	946	(9)
Pleas of Guilty	955	(64)
The Plea Negotiation System	956	(7)
Kept, Broken, Rejected and Nonexistent Bargains	963	(20)
Plea Negotiation Responsibilities of the Attorneys and Judge	983	(10)
Receiving the Defendant's Plea	993	(11)
Challenge of Guilty Plea by Defendant	1004	(9)
Effect of Guilty Plea	1013	(6)
Trial By Jury and Impartial Judge	1019	(36)
The Right to Jury Trial	1019	(10)
Selection of Prospective Jurors	1029	(7)
Voir Dire; Challenges	1036	(16)
Challenging the Judge	1052	(3)
Fair Trial and Free Press	1055	(33)
Preventing Prejudicial Publicity	1055	(20)
Overcoming Prejudicial Publicity	1075	(10)
Conduct of the Trial	1085	(3)
The Criminal Trial	1088	(73)
The Right to a Public Trial	1089	(2)
Presence of the Defendant	1091	(5)
The Defendant's Right of Access to Evidence	1096	(22)
The Presentation of Evidence	1118	(4)
Defendant's Rights to Remain Silent and to Testify	1122	(5)
Trial Court Evaluation of the Evidence	1127	(3)
The Arguments of Counsel	1130	(7)
Jury Instructions	1137	(9)
Jury Procedures	1146	(7)
Jury Verdicts	1153	(6)
Post-Verdict Motions	1159	(2)
Double Jeopardy	1161	(33)
Dimensions of the Guarantee	1161	(12)
Reprosecution Following Mistrial	1173	(7)
Reprosecution Following Acquittal or Dismissal	1180	(5)
Reprosecution Following Conviction	1185	(6)
Reprosecution by a Different Sovereign	1191	(3)
Sentencing Procedures	1194	(61)
Legislative Structuring of Sentencing: Sanctions	1195	(7)
Legislative Structuring of Sentencing: The Allocation of Sentencing Authority	1202	(8)
The Guidance of Judicial Discretion	1210	(6)
Due Process: The Framework for Sentencing Procedure	1216	(19)
Sentencing Information	1235	(4)
Special Sentences	1239	(4)
Resentencing: Double Jeopardy	1243	(6)
Resentencing: The Prohibition Against Vindictiveness	1249	(6)
Appeals	1255	(36)
Constitutional Protection of the Defendant's Right to Appeal	1255	(2)
Defense Appeals and the Final Judgment Rule	1257	(8)
Prosecution Appeals	1265	(4)
Review by Writ	1269	(2)
The Scope of Appellate Review	1271	(7)
Harmless Error	1278	(13)
Post Conviction Review: Collateral Remedies	1291	(59)
Current Collateral Remedies and Historical Antecedents	1292	(1)
The Statutory Structure and Habeas Policy	1293	(8)
Cognizable Claims	1301	(13)
Claims Foreclosed by State Procedural Defaults	1314	(11)
Claims Foreclosed Due to Premature, Successive, or Delayed Applications	1325	(9)
Constitutional Interpretation on Habeas Review	1334	(9)
Fact-finding and Evidentiary Hearings	1343	(7)
Appendix	1350	(15)
Table of Cases	1365	(26)
Index	1391