Criminal Procedure

by Samaha, Joel

• ISBN13: 9780314061188
• ISBN10: 0314061185
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1995-08-01
• Publisher: West Group

Summary

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE helps you understand the central theme in constitutional democracies--balancing the need for government power to protect public safety with the guarantee of individual liberty and privacy. By focusing on comprehension and not memorization, the textbook helps you understand our criminal procedures and why we need them. This text examines the constitutional requirements of criminal procedure and how these requirements are applied by the courts to law enforcement, prosecution, defense, pre-trial proceedings, adjudication, sentencing, appeal, and habeas corpus. And to ensure that you succeed in your course, you'll find helpful in-text learning aids as well as a companion CD-ROM packaged with every new copy of the book.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. viii
Criminal Procedure: A Question of Balance	p. 1
Balance--The Essence of Criminal Procedure	p. 2
Society and Individual	p. 2
Ends and Means	p. 3
Playing by the Rules	p. 3
Burden of Proof	p. 3
Adversary Process	p. 6
Accusatory System	p. 6
Due Process	p. 7
Human Dignity	p. 8
History of Criminal Procedure	p. 9
Individual Liberty, Privacy, and the "War on Drugs"	p. 11
How to Read, Analyze, and Find Cases	p. 12
Federal, State, and Local Governments	p. 25
Separation of Powers	p. 26
Deciding Cases and Promoting Values	p. 28
Summary	p. 29
The Criminal Process	p. 33
Introduction	p. 34
Detection and Investigation	p. 36
Arrest	p. 37
Searches	p. 38
Bookings	p. 38
Follow-up Investigation	p. 38
Prosecution	p. 39
Adjudication	p. 39
First Appearance	p. 40
Testing the Government's Case	p. 40
Arraignment	p. 41
Pretrial Motions	p. 41
Trials	p. 42
Sentencing	p. 42
Review Proceedings	p. 43
Discretion and the Criminal Process	p. 44
Summary	p. 46
The Constitution and Criminal Procedure	p. 49
Constitutionalism	p. 50
The Sources of Criminal Procedure	p. 51
The U.S. Constitution and Federal Courts	p. 53
State Constitutions and State Courts	p. 53
Federal and State Statutes and Rules	p. 53
Model Codes and Rules	p. 54
The Supremacy Clause and Judicial Review	p. 54
Due Process of Law	p. 55
History of the Due Process Clause	p. 55
The Incorporation Doctrine	p. 74
Equal Protection of the Law	p. 76
Summary	p. 83
Searches and Seizures	p. 86
Purposes of Searches and Seizures	p. 87
Purpose of the Fourth Amendment	p. 87
Fourth Amendment Analysis	p. 88
Fourth Amendment "Searches"	p. 89
"Expectation of Privacy"	p. 91
Plain View, Hearing, Smell, and Touch	p. 98
High-Tech Enhancement of Ordinary Senses	p. 99
Open Fields	p. 111
Public Places	p. 112
Abandoned Property	p. 112
Fourth Amendment "Seizures"	p. 123
Summary	p. 131
Stop and Frisk	p. 135
Introduction	p. 136
The Constitution and Criminal Investigation	p. 137
Stops, Frisks, and Public Policy	p. 137
Stop-and-Frisk Law	p. 137
Two Approaches to Stop-and-Frisk Law	p. 139
The Test of "Reasonableness"	p. 139
Terry v. Ohio and Stop-and-Frisk Law	p. 140
Stops	p. 153
Definition of Fourth Amendment Stops	p. 153
Reasonable Suspicion	p. 155
Scope of Reasonable Stops	p. 174
Stops at International Borders	p. 186
Roadblocks	p. 191
Frisks	p. 201
Definition of Frisk	p. 201
Reasonable Suspicion for Frisks	p. 201
Scope of Lawful Frisks	p. 202
Summary	p. 206
Seizures of Persons: Arrest	p. 210
Purposes of Arrest and Arrest Law	p. 211
The Definition of Arrest	p. 211
Probable Cause	p. 215
The Manner of Arrest	p. 229
The Warrant Requirement	p. 230
Arrests in Homes	p. 232
Deadly Force	p. 235
Nondeadly Force	p. 237
The Period After Arrest	p. 241
Summary	p. 241
Searches for Evidence	p. 244
The Importance of the Power to Search	p. 245
Searches with Warrants	p. 246
The Particularity Requirement	p. 246
The Knock-and-Announce Rule	p. 257
Searches Without Warrants	p. 262
Searches Incident to (at the time of) Arrest	p. 263
Consent Searches	p. 282
Vehicle Searches	p. 302
Emergency Searches	p. 313
Container Searches	p. 319
Summary	p. 319
Special-Needs Searches	p. 323
Introduction	p. 324
Inventory Searches	p. 325
Border Searches	p. 330
Airport Searches	p. 331
Searches of Prisoners	p. 331
Searches of Probationers and Parolees	p. 334
Searches of Visitors and Employees of Prisons and Jails	p. 334
Searches of Students	p. 339
Employee Drug Testing	p. 343
Summary	p. 347
Police Interrogation and Confessions	p. 350
The Confession and Interrogation Setting	p. 351
The Importance of Interrogation and Confessions	p. 352
The Abuse of Interrogation	p. 353
The Constitution and Self-Incrimination	p. 354
The Due Process Approach	p. 355
The Right-to-Counsel Approach	p. 356
The Self-Incrimination Approach	p. 357
The Meaning of "Witness against Himself"	p. 358
The Meaning of "Compelled"	p. 362
The Importance of Miranda v. Arizona	p. 363
The Effects of Miranda v. Arizona	p. 376
The Meaning of Interrogation	p. 377
The Meaning of Custody	p. 385
The Public Safety Exception to Miranda v. Arizona	p. 388
Waiver of Miranda Rights	p. 392
Voluntary Self-Incrimination	p. 394
Coerced Confessions and the "Harmless Error Rule"	p. 404
Summary	p. 404
Identification Procedures	p. 409
Importance and Dangers of Eyewitness Identification	p. 410
The Constitution and Identification Procedures	p. 413
Lineups	p. 414
Show-Ups	p. 421
Photographic Identification	p. 426
Refusal to Cooperate in Identification Procedures	p. 439
DNA Profile Identification	p. 439
Summary	p. 448
Constitutional Violations: Exclusionary Rule and Other Process Remedies	p. 452
Nature and Kinds of Remedies	p. 453
The Exclusionary Rule	p. 454
History of the Exclusionary Rule	p. 454
Justifications for the Exclusionary Rule	p. 462
Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule	p. 464
Social Costs and Deterrent Effects	p. 479
Other Process Remedies	p. 481
Dismissal	p. 481
The Defense of Entrapment	p. 486
Reversible Error	p. 497
Expungement of Arrest Records	p. 498
Internal Disciplinary Procedures	p. 504
Summary	p. 504
Constitutional Violations: Suing the Government	p. 508
Introduction	p. 509
State Civil Actions	p. 509
Federal Civil Actions	p. 510
Injunction	p. 526
Summary	p. 530
Starting Court Proceedings	p. 532
The Initiation of Formal Proceedings	p. 533
The Decision to Charge	p. 534
Probable Cause Determination	p. 537
First Appearance	p. 542
Informing Suspects of Their Rights	p. 542
Detaining and Releasing Defendants	p. 543
The Constitution and Bail	p. 544
Preventive Detention	p. 546
Conditions of Pretrial Confinement	p. 549
The Right to Counsel	p. 553
When the Right to Counsel Attaches	p. 560
The Meaning of "All Criminal Prosecutions"	p. 562
The Standard of Indigence	p. 566
The Right to Effective Counsel	p. 567
Summary	p. 572
Pretrial, Trial, and Conviction	p. 576
Testing the Government's Case	p. 577
Grand Jury Review and Preliminary Hearings	p. 578
Preliminary Hearing	p. 578
Grand Jury Review	p. 579
Summary of Preliminary Hearing and Grand Jury Review	p. 583
Arraignment	p. 584
Pretrial Motions	p. 584
Double Jeopardy Motions	p. 584
Speedy Trial Motions	p. 587
Change-of-Venue and Continuance Motions	p. 589
Change-of-Judge Motions	p. 592
Motions to Suppress	p. 592
Conviction	p. 593
Jury Trial	p. 594
The Right to a Public Trial	p. 603
Conviction by Guilty Plea	p. 613
Summary	p. 617
After Conviction	p. 624
After Conviction	p. 625
Sentencing	p. 625
Sentencing Authority	p. 627
Guidelines and Mandatory Minimum Sentencing	p. 628
Offenders' Rights at Sentencing	p. 645
Appeals	p. 650
Habeas Corpus	p. 656
Summary	p. 658
Constitution of the United States	p. 662
Glossary	p. 677
Table of Cases	p. 684
Index	p. 692
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.