Criminological Theory ; Context and Consequences

by Lilly, J.; Cullen, Francis; Ball, Richard

• ISBN13: 9780761920779
• ISBN10: 0761920773
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-10-01
• Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

This book presents a comprehensive discussion of major theoretical perspectives in criminology that have developed from both traditional schools and recent critical work. Unique to this text is its strong emphasis on social policy concerning crime and criminals.While the emphasis is still focused on the classic theories, the Third Edition includes coverage of newly emerged theories, empirical updates and over 200 new references.

Author Biography

J. Robert Lilly is Regents Professor of Sociology/Criminology and Adjunct Professor of Law at Northern Kentucky University. He is also visiting Professor, University of Durham, in Durham, England Francis T. Cullen is Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati, where he also holds a joint appointment in sociology Richard A. Ball is Professor of Administration of Justice at Pennsylvania State University-Fayette and Program Head for Administration of Justice for the 12-campus Commonwealth College of Penn State

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
The Context and Consequences of Theory	1	(8)
Theory in Social Context	3	(2)
Theory and Policy: Ideas Have Consequences	5	(2)
Context, Theory, and Policy: Plan of the Book	7	(2)
The Search for the ``Criminal Man''	9	(22)
Spiritualism	11	(2)
The Classical School: Criminal as Calculator	13	(3)
The Positivist School: Criminal as Determined	16	(10)
The Birth of the Positivist School: Lombroso's Theory of the Criminal Man	16	(2)
Lombroso's Legacy: The Italian Criminological Tradition	18	(4)
The Continuing Search for the Individual Roots of Crime	22	(4)
The Consequence of Theory: Policy Implications	26	(4)
The Positivist School and the Control of the Biological Criminal	26	(3)
The Positivist School and Criminal Justice Reform	29	(1)
Conclusion	30	(1)
Rejecting Individualism: The Social Roots of Crime	31	(39)
The Chicago School of Criminology	32	(6)
Theory in Context	32	(2)
Shaw and McKay's Theory of Juvenile Delinquency	34	(4)
Sutherland's Theory of Differential Association	38	(3)
Differential Social Organization	39	(1)
Differential Association	39	(1)
Theoretical Applications	40	(1)
The Chicago School's Criminological Legacy	41	(6)
Collective Efficacy	42	(1)
Cultural Deviance Theory	43	(3)
Akers's Social Learning Theory	46	(1)
The Consequences of Theory: Policy Implications	47	(1)
Merton's Strain Theory	48	(6)
America as a Criminogenic Society	49	(4)
Strain Theory in Context	53	(1)
Status Discontent and Delinquency	54	(3)
Delinquent Boys	54	(1)
Delinquency and Opportunity	55	(2)
The Criminological Legacy of Strain Theory	57	(10)
Assessing Strain Theory	57	(2)
Agnew's General Strain Theory	59	(3)
Crime and the American Dream: Institutional-Anomie Theory	62	(3)
The Future of Strain Theory	65	(2)
The Consequences of Theory: Policy Implications	67	(2)
Conclusion	69	(1)
Society as Insulation: Control Theory	70	(35)
Forerunners of Control Theory	71	(4)
Durkheim's Anomie Theory	71	(2)
The Influence of the Chicago School	73	(2)
Early Control Theories	75	(9)
Reiss's Theory of Personal and Social Controls	76	(1)
Nye's Family-Focused Theory of Social Controls	77	(1)
Reckless's Containment Theory	78	(4)
Sykes and Matza: Neutralization and Drift Theory	82	(2)
Control Theory in Context	84	(3)
The Context of the 1950s	84	(2)
The Context of the 1960s	86	(1)
Hirschi's Social Bond Theory	87	(6)
Hirschi's Forerunners	87	(2)
Hirschi's Sociological Perspective	89	(1)
Social Control by Social Bonds	90	(1)
Importance of the Family and School	91	(2)
Contemporary Control Theories	93	(9)
Gottfredson and Hirschi's Self-Control Theory	93	(3)
Hagan's Power-Control Theory	96	(2)
Title's Control-Balance Theory	98	(2)
Colvin's Differential Coercion Theory	100	(2)
The Consequences of Theory: Policy Implications	102	(2)
Conclusion	104	(1)
The Irony of State Intervention: Labeling Theory	105	(21)
The Social Construction of Crime	106	(3)
Labeling as Criminogenic: Creating Career Criminals	109	(8)
Early Statements of Labeling Theory	109	(2)
Labeling as a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy	111	(2)
Assessing Labeling Theory	113	(3)
Labeling Theory in Context	116	(1)
The Consequences of Theory: Policy Implications	117	(3)
Decriminalization	117	(1)
Diversion	118	(1)
Due Process	119	(1)
Deinstitutionalization	120	(1)
Extending Labeling Theory	120	(5)
Braithwaite's Theory of Shaming and Crime	121	(1)
Sherman's Defiance Theory	122	(1)
Policy Implications: Restorative Justice	123	(2)
Conclusion	125	(1)
Social Power and the Construction of Crime: Conflict Theory	126	(35)
Forerunners of Conflict Theory	127	(5)
Marx and Engels: Capitalism and Crime	127	(1)
Simmel: Forms of Conflict	128	(1)
Bonger: Capitalism and Crime	129	(1)
Sutherland and Sellin: Culture Conflict and Crime	130	(1)
Vold: Conflict and Crime	131	(1)
Theory in Context: The Turmoil of the 1960s	132	(1)
Varieties of Conflict Theory	133	(21)
Turk: The Criminalization Process	134	(6)
Chambliss: Crime, Power, and Legal Process	140	(6)
Quinney: Social Reality, Capitalism, and Crime	146	(7)
Conflict Theory and the Causes of Crime	153	(1)
Consequences of Conflict Theory	154	(6)
Marxist Approach	156	(2)
Peacemaking Criminology	158	(2)
Conclusion	160	(1)
New Directions in Critical Theory	161	(30)
Feminist Perspectives	163	(17)
Background	163	(1)
Early Pioneers and Themes	164	(4)
Recent Theorists	168	(2)
Women's Emancipation and Crime	170	(1)
Patriarchy and Crime	171	(1)
Messerschmidt's Masculinities and Crime	172	(2)
Simpson on Gender, Race, and Class	174	(2)
Diversity of Feminist Perspectives	176	(1)
Consequences of the Diversity of Feminist Perspectives	177	(3)
The British and European Influences	180	(4)
Background: The New Criminology	180	(1)
Theoretical Arguments	181	(2)
Critique of the New Criminology	183	(1)
Left Realism	184	(6)
Consequences of New Criminology/Left Realism	185	(1)
The New Criminology Revisited, 1998: New Labor, Old Policies	186	(2)
The New European Criminology	188	(2)
Consequences of Abolitionism	190	(1)
Conclusions	190	(1)
Conservative Criminology: Revitalizing Individualistic Theory	191	(41)
Context: The United States of the 1980s and Early 1990s	192	(9)
The Economic Decline of the United States	192	(2)
The Persistence of Inequality in the United States	194	(1)
The Rhetoric of Stability	195	(5)
The Legacy of the Conservative Political Agenda	200	(1)
Content: Individualistic Theories Revitalized	201	(1)
The Resurgence of Biological Theorizing	201	(9)
Evolutionary Theories: Darwin Revisited	203	(1)
Biosocial Theories	204	(2)
Biochemical Theories	206	(1)
Assessing Biological Theories: Policy Implications	207	(3)
Crime and Human Nature: Wilson and Herrnstein	210	(5)
The Theory	210	(2)
Assessing Crime and Human Nature	212	(3)
Varieties of Conservative Theory	215	(11)
Crime and The Bell Curve: Herrnstein and Murray	215	(2)
The Criminal Mind	217	(2)
Choosing to Be Criminal: Rational Choice Theory	219	(5)
Crime and Moral Poverty	224	(2)
Consequences of Conservative Theory: Policy Implications	226	(4)
Conclusion	230	(2)
Mainstream Criminology Revisited: Routine Activity, Integrated, and Life-Course Theories	232	(31)
Routine Activity Theory: Opportunities and Crime	234	(8)
The Chemistry for Crime: Offenders, Targets, and Guardians	236	(2)
View of Offenders	238	(1)
Policy Implications: Reducing Opportunities for Crime	239	(3)
Integrated Theories of Crime	242	(5)
Elliott and Colleagues' Integrated Strain-Control Paradigm	244	(1)
Thornberry's Interactional Theory	245	(2)
Policy Implications	247	(1)
Life-Course Criminology: Human Development and Crime	247	(15)
Criminology in Crisis: Gottfredson and Hirschi Revisited	251	(1)
Patterson's Social-Interactional Developmental Model	252	(1)
Moffitt's Life-Course-Persistent/Adolescence-Limited Theory	253	(4)
Sampson and Laub: Social Bond Theory Revisited	257	(4)
Policy Implications: Early Intervention	261	(1)
Conclusion	262	(1)
References	263	(22)
Author Index	285	(8)
Subject Index	293	(14)
About the Authors	307