Crisis Management in Acute Care Settings

by St. Pierre, Michael; Hofinger, Gesine; Buerschaper, Cornelius

• ISBN13: 9783540710615
• ISBN10: 3540710612
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-01-03
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

This book addresses all issues relevant to error prevention and safepractice in the acute and emergency health-care setting. It begins withthe basic principles of human behavior and decision making and thenpartitions into three sections where the individual, the team, and theorganizational influences within the health-care system are discussed ingreater depth. Case reports and proven strategies help to ground psychological theory in daily practice. This book has emerged from a long-standing cooperation between clinicians and psychologists. Blending the strengths of both professions into a readily accessible text has created a book which will hopefully help both physicians and non-physicians to better understand the principles of human behavior and decision making in critical situations and in turn enable them to provide safer treatment. Unsuspected medical crisis and emergency situations may be managed more effectively and an increased awareness of contributing factors may help to avoid errors from the outset.

Table of Contents

Basic Principles: Error, Complexity, and Human Behavior
The Human Factors: Errors and Skills	p. 3
Case Study	p. 4
Human Factors in Healthcare: the Problem	p. 4
Levels of Human Factors	p. 5
"The Human Factors": in a Nutshell	p. 13
The Challenge of Acute Healthcare	p. 17
Case Study	p. 18
Medical Emergencies and Critical Situations	p. 18
Complexity and Human Behavior	p. 19
The Skills, Rules, Knowledge (SRK) Framework	p. 24
"The Challenge of Acute Medical Care": in a Nutshell	p. 26
The Nature of Error	p. 29
Case Study	p. 30
What is an "Erorr"?	p. 30
How Can Errors Be Classified?	p. 32
The Dynamics of Accident Causation	p. 36
"The Nature of Error": in a Nutshell	p. 37
The Psychology of Human Action	p. 39
Case Study	p. 40
The "Psycho-logic" of Cognition, Emotions, and Motivation	p. 40
Principles of Human Behavior	p. 41
Motivation	p. 44
Emotions	p. 46
Thinking	p. 49
Hazardous Attitudes	p. 51
"Principles of Human Behavior": in a Nutshell	p. 52
Individual Factors of Behavior
Human Perception: the Way We See Things	p. 57
Case Study	p. 58
From Stimulus to Sensation: Sensory Physiology	p. 58
"Gestalt" Theory and Meaningful Patterns: the Organization of Visual Perception	p. 60
Recognition and Creating Meaning	p. 63
Perception and Emotion	p. 64
Tips for Clinical Practice	p. 64
"Perception": in a Nutshell	p. 65
Information Processing and Mental Models: World Views	p. 67
Case Study	p. 69
The Organization of Knowledge: Schemata and Mental Models	p. 70
Are We Too Lazy to Think? Economy, Competence, and Safety	p. 71
Wishful Thinking and Reality: Distortion of Information	p. 72
Illusions: Inadequate Mental Models	p. 73
What Is likely? The Handling of Uncertain Information	p. 75
Tips for Clinical Practice	p. 78
"Information Processing and Mental Models": in a Nutshell	p. 79
Goals and Plans: Turning Points for Success	p. 81
Case Study	p. 82
Setting and Elaboration of Goals	p. 83
Planning	p. 87
Tips for Clinical Practice	p. 90
"Plans and Goals": in a Nutshell	p. 90
Attention: in the Focus of Consciousness	p. 93
Case Study	p. 94
The Control of Action: Attention, Vigilance, and Concentration	p. 94
Open for News: Background Control and the Horizon of Expectations	p. 96
Situation Awareness	p. 98
Disturbances of Attention	p. 98
Tips for Clinical Practice	p. 101
"Attention": in a nutshell	p. 101
Stress	p. 103
Case Study	p. 105
What is Stress?	p. 105
Coping Mechanisms	p. 112
Overwhelmed by Stress	p. 113
Coping with Stress	p. 114
The Role of Organizations in Reducing Stress	p. 116
"Stress": in a Nutshell	p. 116
Strategies for Action: Ways to Achieve Good Decisions	p. 119
Case Study	p. 120
Strategies for Good Actions	p. 120
Strategies for Coping with Error	p. 125
Tips for Clinical Practice	p. 127
"Strategies for Action": in a Nutshell	p. 127
The Team
The Key to Success: Teamwork	p. 131
Case Study	p. 133
The Team	p. 133
Team Performance: Input Factors	p. 136
Team Process	p. 139
The Result: Successful Team Performance	p. 142
Strengths of Teams	p. 143
Why Teamwork Can Go Wrong	p. 143
Tips for Daily Practice	p. 145
"Teamwork": in a Nutshell	p. 145
Speech is Golden: Communication	p. 149
Case Study	p. 151
Organizing the Chaos: Functions of Communication	p. 151
Understanding Communication	p. 153
General Disturbance of Communication	p. 158
Poor Communication in Critical Situations	p. 160
Good Communication in Critical Situations	p. 163
Communication After a Critical Situation	p. 168
Tips for Daily Practice	p. 169
"Communication": in a Nutshell	p. 169
Leadership	p. 173
Case Study	p. 175
The Case for Leadership	p. 175
Leadership Theories	p. 177
A Conceptual Framework for Leadership	p. 178
Leadership Tasks in a Critical Situation	p. 180
The Process of Leading	p. 181
Leadership Problems in Critical Situations	p. 182
Situational Leadership	p. 184
Tips for Daily Practice	p. 184
"Leadership": in a Nutshell	p. 184
The Organization
Organizations and Human Error	p. 189
Case Study	p. 190
Organizations as Systems: Different Perspectives	p. 191
Organizations, Human Error, and Reliability	p. 192
Organizational Sources of Error	p. 195
"Organizations and Human Error": in a Nutshell	p. 201
Reliable Acute Care Medicine	p. 203
Case Study	p. 205
Business Objective: Patient Safety	p. 206
Avoidance of Error	p. 208
Error Management	p. 215
Imagine the Future: Safe Acute Medical Care	p. 219
"Reliable Acute Care Medicine": in a Nutshell	p. 224
Subject Index	p. 229
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.