Critique of Pure Reason

by Kant, Immanuel; Weigelt, Marcus; Weigelt, Marcus; Weigelt, Marcus; Muller, Max

• ISBN13: 9780140447477
• ISBN10: 0140447474
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-01-29
• Publisher: PENGUIN

Summary

The masterpiece of the father of modern philosophy A seminal text of modern philosophy, Immanuel Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason" (1781) made history by bringing together two opposing schools of thought: rationalism, which grounds all our knowledge in reason, and empiricism, which traces all our knowledge to experience. Published here in a lucid reworking of Max Muller's classic translation, the Critique is a profound investigation into the nature of human reason, establishing its truth, falsities, illusions, and reality.

Author Biography

Immanuel Kant (1724-û1804) was one of the most influential philosophers of all time. His comprehensive and profound thinking on aesthetics, ethics, and knowledge has had an immense impact on all subsequent philosophy.
Max Muller (1823-1900) was born in Dessau, Germany, and was an orientalist, a scholar of ancient languages, and a follower of Kant-'s philosophy. He was the first to translate Sanskrit texts into a modern European language. He taught at Oxford and became a British citizen in 1855.
Marcus Weigelt studied at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and at Freie Universit+ñt, Berlin.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. ix
Selected Bibliography	p. xvii
Translator's Preface	p. xix
Critique of Pure Reason	p. 1
Preface [First Edition]	p. 1
Preface [Second Edition]	p. 4
Introduction [Second Edition]	p. 15
On the Distinction between Pure and Empirical Cognition	p. 15
On the Distinction between Analytic and Synthetic Judgments	p. 16
All Theoretical Sciences of Reason Contain Synthetic A Priori Judgments as Principles	p. 18
The General Problem of Pure Reason	p. 20
Idea and Division of a Special Science under the Name of Critique of Pure Reason	p. 23
Transcendental Doctrine of Elements	p. 25
Transcendental Aesthetic 1	p. 25
Space	p. 27
Metaphysical Exposition of This Concept	p. 27
Transcendental Exposition of the Concept of Space	p. 29
Conclusions from the Above Concepts	p. 29
Time	p. 32
Metaphysical Exposition of the Concept of Time	p. 32
Transcendental Exposition of the Concept of Time	p. 33
Conclusions from these Concepts	p. 33
Elucidation	p. 36
Transcendental Logic	p. 39
Introduction: Idea of a Transcendental Logic	p. 39
On Logic As Such	p. 39
Division I Transcendental Analytic	p. 41
Analytic of Concepts	p. 42
On the Guide for the Discovery of All Pure Concepts of Understanding	p. 42
Transcendental Guide for the Discovery of All Pure Concepts of Understanding	p. 43
On the Understanding's Logical Use As Such	p. 43
On the Understanding's Logical Function in Judgments	p. 45
On the Pure Concepts of Understanding, or Categories	p. 46
On the Deduction of the Pure Concepts of Understanding	p. 51
On the Principles of a Transcendental Deduction As Such	p. 51
Transition to the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories	p. 55
[Second Edition] Transcendental Deduction of the Pure Concepts of Understanding	p. 58
On the Possibility of a Combination As Such	p. 58
On the Original Synthetic Unity of Apperception	p. 59
The Principle of the Synthetic Unity of Apperception Is the Supreme Principle for All Use of the Understanding	p. 61
What Objective Unity of Self-Consciousness Is	p. 63
The Logical Form of All Judgments Consists in the Objective Unity of Apperception of the Concepts Contained in Them	p. 64
All Sensible Intuitions Are Subject to the Categories, Which Are Conditions under Which Alone Their Manifold Can Come Together in One Consciousness	p. 65
Comment	p. 65
A Category Cannot Be Used for Cognizing Things Except When It Is Applied to Objects of Experience	p. 67
	p. 68
On Applying the Categories to Objects of the Senses As Such	p. 69
	p. 70
Transcendental Deduction of the Universally Possible Use in Experience of the Pure Concepts of Understanding	p. 72
Result of This Deduction of the Concepts of Understanding	p. 75
Brief Sketch of This Deduction	p. 77
Analytic of Principles	p. 78
On the Schematism of the Pure Concepts of Understanding	p. 78
System of All Principles of Pure Understanding	p. 84
On the Supreme Principle of All Synthetic Judgments	p. 86
Systematic Presentation of All the Synthetic Principles of Pure Understanding	p. 88
Axioms of Intuition	p. 91
Anticipations of Perception	p. 93
Analogies of Experience	p. 100
First Analogy: Principle of the Permanence of Substance	p. 103
Second Analogy: Principle of Temporal Succession According to the Law of Causality	p. 107
Third Analogy: Principle of Simultaneity According to the Law of Interaction or Community	p. 120
Refutation of Idealism [Second Edition]	p. 124
Transcendental Dialectic	p. 128
Introduction	p. 128
On Transcendental Illusion	p. 128
On Pure Reason As the Seat of Transcendental Illusion	p. 131
On the Pure Use of Reason	p. 131
On the Dialectical Inferences of Pure Reason	p. 134
On the Paralogisms of Pure Reason [Second Edition]	p. 134
The Antinomy of Pure Reason	p. 138
System of Cosmological Ideas	p. 140
Antithetic of Pure Reason	p. 141
First Conflict of Transcendental Ideas	p. 143
Second Conflict of Transcendental Ideas	p. 149
Third Conflict of Transcendental Ideas	p. 156
Critical Decision of the Cosmological Dispute That Reason Has with Itself	p. 162
Pure Reason's Regulative Principle Regarding the Cosmological Ideas	p. 168
On the Empirical Use of the Regulative Principle of Reason in Regard to All Cosmological Ideas	p. 172
Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality of Composition of Appearances of a World Whole	p. 173
Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality of Division of a Whole Given in Intuition	p. 176
Solution of the Cosmological Idea of Totality in the Derivation of World Events from Their Causes	p. 181
The Ideal of Pure Reason	p. 196
On the Impossibility of an Ontological Proof of the Existence of God	p. 196
Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic	p. 202
On the Final Aim of the Natural Dialectic of Human Reason	p. 202
Transcendental Doctrine of Method	p. 204
The Canon of Pure Reason	p. 204
On the Ultimate Purpose of the Pure Use of Our Reason	p. 205
On the Ideal of the Highest Good, As a Determining Basis of the Ultimate Purpose of Pure Reason	p. 209
On Opinion, Knowledge, and Faith	p. 218
Index	p. 225
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