Critique of Pure Reason

by Kant, Immanuel

• ISBN13: 9780486432540
• ISBN10: 0486432548
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-11-17
• Publisher: Dover Publications

Summary

One of the cornerstone books of Western philosophy, here is Kant's seminal treatise, where he seeks to define the nature of reason itself and builds his own unique system of philosophical thought with an approach known as transcendental idealism. He argues that human knowledge is limited by the capacity for perception.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Of the Difference between Pure and Empirical Knowledge	1	(1)
The Human Intellect, even in an unphilosophical state, is in possession of certain cognitions a priori	2	(2)
Philosophy stands in need of a Science which shall determine the possibility, principles, and extent of Human Knowledge a priori	4	(3)
Of the Difference between Analytical and Synthetical Judgments	7	(2)
In all Theoretical Sciences of Reason, Synthetical Judgments a priori are contained as Principles	9	(3)
The Universal Problem of Pure Reason	12	(3)
Idea and Division of a Particular Science, under the Name of a Critique of Pure Reason	15	(8)
TRANSCENDENTAL DOCTRINE OF ELEMENTS
Part I.---Transcendental Æsthetic
Introductory	21	(2)
Of Space
Metaphysical Exposition of this Conception	23	(2)
Transcendental Exposition of the Conception of Space	25	(1)
Conclusions from the foregoing Conceptions	25	(3)
Of Time
Metaphysical Exposition of this Conception	28	(1)
Transcendental Exposition of the Conception of Time	29	(1)
Conclusions from the above Conceptions	30	(2)
Elucidation	32	(3)
General Remarks on Transcendental AEsthetic	35	(9)
Part II.---Transcendental Logic
Of Logic in general	44	(3)
Of Transcendental Logic	47	(1)
Of the Division of General Logic into Analytic and Dialectic	48	(3)
Of the Division of Transcendental Logic into Transcendental Analytic and Dialectic	51	(1)
First Division
Transcendental Analytic	52	(1)
BOOK I. Analytic of Conceptions	53	(44)
Of the Transcendental Clue to the Discovery of all Pure Conceptions of the Understanding	53	(44)
Of the Logical use of the Understanding in general	54	(1)
Of the Logical Function of the Understanding in Judgments	55	(5)
Of the Pure Conceptions of the Understanding, or Categories	60	(8)
Of the Deduction of the Pure Conceptions of the Understanding
Of the Principles of Transcendental Deduction in general	68	(7)
Transition to the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories	72	(3)
Of the Possibility of a Conjunction of the manifold representations given by Sense	75	(22)
Of the Originally Synthetical Unity of Apperception	76	(3)
The Principle of the Synthetical Unity of Apperception is the highest Principle of all exercise of the Understanding	79	(1)
What Objective Unity of Self-consciousness is	80	(1)
The Logical Form of all Judgments consists in the Objective Unity of Apperception of the Conceptions contained therein	81	(1)
All Sensuous Intuitions are subject to the Categories, as Conditions under which alone the manifold contents of them can be united in one Consciousness	82	(1)
Observation	83	(1)
In Cognition, its Application to Objects of Experience is the only legitimate use of the Category	84	(2)
Of the Application of the Categories to Objects of the Senses in general	86	(5)
Transcendental Deduction of the universally possible employment in experience of the Pure Conceptions of the Understanding	91	(3)
Result of this Deduction of the Conceptions of the Understanding	94	(2)
Short view of the above Deduction	96	(1)
BOOK II. Analytic of Principles	97	(99)
Of the Transcendental Faculty of Judgment in general	98	(2)
Of the Schematism of the Pure Conceptions of the Understanding	100	(6)
System of all Principles of the Pure Understanding	106	(50)
Of the Supreme Principle of all Analytical Judgments	108	(2)
Of the Supreme Principle of all Synthetical Judgments	110	(2)
Systematic Representations of all Synthetical Principles thereof	112	(3)
Axioms of Intuition	115	(2)
Anticipations of Perception	117	(5)
Analogies of Experience	122	(20)
First Analogy.---Principle of the Permanence of Substance	124	(4)
Second Analogy.---Principle of the Succession of Time	128	(10)
Third Analogy.---Principle of Coexistence	138	(4)
The Postulates of Empirical Thought	142	(11)
Refutation of Idealism	147	(6)
General Remark on the System of Principles	153	(3)
Of the Ground of the division of all objects into Phenomena and Noumena	156	(40)
Appendix. Of the Equivocal Nature or Amphiboly of the Conceptions of Reflection from the Confusion of the Transcendental with the Empirical use of the Understanding	168	(4)
Remark on the Amphiboly of the Conceptions of Reflection	172	(14)
Second Division
Transcendental Dialectic
Of Transcendental Illusory Appearance	186	(3)
Of Pure Reason as the Seat of Transcendental Illusory Appearance	189	(7)
Of Reason in General	189	(3)
Of the Logical Use of Reason	192	(1)
Of the Pure Use of Reason	193	(3)
BOOK I. Of the Conceptions of Pure Reason	196	(16)
Of Ideas in General	197	(5)
Of Transcendental Ideas	202	(7)
System of Transcendental Ideas	209	(3)
BOOK II. Of the Dialectical Procedure of Pure Reason	212
BOOK I. Of the Conceptions of Pure Reason	196	(281)
Refutation of the Argument of Mendelssohn for the Substantiality or Permanence of the Soul	221	(6)
Conclusion of the Solution of the Psychological Paralogism	227	(1)
General Remark on the Transition from Rational Psychology to Cosmology	228	(2)
The Antinomy of Pure Reason	230	(168)
System of Cosmological Ideas	232	(6)
Antithetic of Pure Reason	238	(24)
First Conflict of the Transcendental Ideas	241	(5)
Second Conflict of the Transcendental Ideas	246	(6)
Third Conflict of the Transcendental Ideas	252	(5)
Fourth Conflict of the Transcendental Ideas	257	(5)
Of the Interest of Reason in these Self-contradictions	262	(8)
Of the Necessity Imposed upon Pure Reason of presenting a Solution of its Transcendental Problems	270	(5)
Sceptical Exposition of the Cosmological Problems presented in the four Transcendental Ideas	275	(3)
Transcendental Idealism as the Key to the Solution of Pure Cosmological Dialectic	278	(3)
Critical Solution of the Cosmological Problems	281	(6)
Regulative Principle of Pure Reason, in relation to the Cosmological Ideas	287	(4)
Of the Empirical Use of the Regulative Principle of Reason, with regard to the Cosmological Ideas	291	(1)
Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality of the Composition of Phenomena in the Universe	292	(3)
Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality of the Division of a Whole given in Intuition	295	(4)
Concluding Remark on the Solution of the Transcendental Mathematical Ideas---and Introductory to the Solution of the Dynamical Ideas	297	(2)
Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality of the Deduction of Cosmical Events from their Causes	299	(15)
Possibility of Freedom in Harmony with the Universal Law of Natural Necessity	302	(2)
Exposition of the Cosmological Idea of Freedom in Harmony with the Universal Law of Natural Necessity	304	(10)
Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality of the Dependence of Phenomenal Existences	314	(4)
Concluding Remarks on the Antinomy of Pure Reason	317	(1)
The Ideal of Pure Reason
Of the Ideal in General	318	(2)
Of the Transcendental Ideal	320	(7)
Of the Arguments Employed by Speculative Reason in Proof of the Existence of a Supreme Being	327	(4)
Of the Impossibility of an Ontological Proof of the Existence of God	331	(6)
Of the Impossibility of a Cosmological Proof of the Existence of God	337	(10)
Detection and Explanation of the Dialectical Illusion in all Transcendental Arguments for the Existence of a Necessary Being	344	(3)
Of the Impossibility of a Physico-Theological Proof	347	(6)
Critique of all Theology based upon Speculative Principles of Reason	353	(6)
Appendix. Of the Regulative Employment of the Ideas of Pure Reason	359	(38)
Of the Ultimate End of the Natural Dialectic of Human Reason	375	(22)
TRANSCENDENTAL DOCTRINE OF METHOD
Introduction	397	(1)
The Discipline of Pure Reason	398	(48)
The Discipline of Pure Reason in the Sphere of Dogmatism	400	(15)
The Discipline of Pure Reason in Polemics	415	(10)
Scepticism Not a Permanent State for Human Reason	425	(7)
The Discipline of Pure Reason in Hypothesis	432	(7)
The Discipline of Pure Reason in Relation to Proofs	439	(7)
The Canon of Pure Reason	446	(20)
Of the Ultimate End of the Pure Use of Reason	447	(4)
Of the Ideal of the Summum Bonum as a Determining Ground of the ultimate End of Pure Reason	451	(9)
Of Opinion, Knowledge, and Belief	460	(6)
The Architectonic of Pure Reason	466	(11)
The History of Pure Reason	477