List of Illustrations | p. viii |
Introduction: Food, Pests, and the Chemical Conundrum | p. 1 |
Toxic Limits | p. 3 |
Precautionary Politics | p. 6 |
The Chapters | p. 10 |
Notes | p. 12 |
Perspective | p. 13 |
European Pesticides and Herbicides in the Crosshairs | p. 15 |
How Did the Legislative Process Evolve? | p. 15 |
What Changes Were Proposed in the Negotiations? | p. 17 |
The Hazard-Based Cutoff (Rejection) Criteria | p. 18 |
ôEndocrine Disruptionö | p. 18 |
Which Substances Will Be Affected by the Cutoff Criteria? | p. 19 |
Cutoffs and the Derogation Clause | p. 19 |
Food Safety in a European Context | p. 20 |
Science and Political Contradictions | p. 22 |
EU Leading the World in Food Safety? | p. 23 |
The Influence of NGOs | p. 24 |
The Precautionary Principle | p. 25 |
The Precautionary Principle and the Hazard Criteria | p. 26 |
The Impact on Agriculture and Food | p. 26 |
The Impact on Research and Innovation | p. 28 |
Conclusion | p. 30 |
Notes | p. 31 |
The Problems with Precaution: A Principle without Principle | p. 33 |
The Precautionary Principle Defined | p. 34 |
The Precautionary Principle Abroad | p. 38 |
Is Precaution Safer than the Alternatives? | p. 40 |
Precaution and Pesticides | p. 41 |
Wealthier Is Healthier and Richer Is Cleaner | p. 43 |
Precaution's Appeal | p. 45 |
In Search of Safety | p. 46 |
Appendix to Chapter 2: The Wingspread Statement on the Precautionary Principle | p. 48 |
Notes | p. 50 |
Case Studies | p. 55 |
The Case of Atrazine | p. 57 |
Studies and Regulation | p. 59 |
Harm versus Risk | p. 61 |
The ôEndocrine Disrupter Low Doseö Hypothesis Controversy | p. 63 |
The Politics of Atrazine Research | p. 66 |
A Precautionary Future? | p. 71 |
Notes | p. 73 |
The Tart Cherry: Pesticides and Precaution | p. 76 |
A Brief History of U.S. Pesticide Legislation | p. 77 |
Regulatory Changes under the Food Quality Protection Act | p. 79 |
The Impact of the Food Quality Protection Act on the Tart Cherry Industry | p. 80 |
Global Long-Term Implications | p. 86 |
Preempting the Precautionary Principle | p. 87 |
The Future | p. 89 |
Notes | p. 91 |
Unintended Consequences: Dangerous Misconceptions About Public Health Insecticides, the Environment and Human Health | p. 93 |
DDT-Setting the Stage for the Anti-Insecticides Movement | p. 97 |
Dangerous Misperceptions-DDT and Wildlife | p. 98 |
The EPA Takes on DDT | p. 100 |
DDT and Human Health | p. 103 |
DDT Use Globally | p. 104 |
Anti-Insecticides Movement | p. 106 |
Are There Effective Alternatives to Insecticides? | p. 107 |
Conclusion | p. 108 |
Notes | p. 109 |
Precautionary Politics | p. 113 |
Precaution, Custom, and the World Trade Organization | p. 115 |
Precaution | p. 116 |
Customary International Law | p. 117 |
The World Trade Organization, the Precautionary Principle, and Customary International Law | p. 119 |
REACH, the Precautionary Principle, and the ôLaw's Migrationö | p. 124 |
Notes | p. 128 |
Feeding a Hungry World: Opportunity and Obligation For U.S. Agriculture | p. 131 |
Notes | p. 141 |
Index | p. 143 |
About the Authors | p. 155 |
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