CryptoGraphics

by Cook, Debra L.; Keromytis, Angelos D.

• ISBN13: 9780387290157
• ISBN10: 038729015X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-06-30
• Publisher: Springer-Verlag New York Inc

Summary

Software that covertly monitors user actions, also known as spyware, has become a first-level security threat due to its ubiquity and the difficulty of detecting and removing it. This is especially so for video conferencing, thin-client computing and Internet cafes.CryptoGraphics: Exploiting Graphics Cards for Security explores the potential for implementing ciphers within GPUs, and describes the relevance of GPU-based encryption to the security of applications involving remote displays. As the processing power of GPUs increases, research involving the use of GPUs for general purpose computing has arisen. This work extends such research by considering the use of a GPU as a parallel processor for encrypting data. The authors evaluate the operations found in symmetric and asymmetric key ciphers to determine if encryption can be programmed in existing GPUs. A detailed description for a GPU based implementation of AES is provided. The feasibility of GPU-based encryption allows the authors to explore the use of a GPU as a trusted system component. Unencrypted display data can be confined to the GPU to avoid exposing it to any malware running on the operating system.

Author Biography

An invited speaker at the 2005 RSA Conference, Cryptographers' Track, Debra Cook is a Ph.D. student in computer science at Columbia University in New York. Her research interests are focused in applied cryptography. She has a B.S. and M.S.E. in mathematical sciences from the Johns Hopkins University and an M.S. in computer science from Columbia. After graduating from Johns Hopkins, she was a senior technical staff member at Bell Labs and AT&T Labs before pursuing her Ph.D.Angelos Keromytis is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Columbia University. His research interests include design and analysis of network and cryptographic protocols, software security and reliability, and operating system design. He received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Pennsylvania, and his B.S. in Computer Science from the University of Crete in Greece.

Table of Contents

List of Figures	ix
List of Tables	xi
Preface	xiii
Acknowledgments	xv
Introduction	1	(8)
Overview	1	(2)
GPUs	3	(1)
Motivation	3	(1)
Encryption in GPUs	4	(1)
Remotely Keyed CryptoGraphics	5	(1)
Related Issues	5	(1)
Extensions	6	(1)
Conclusions	6	(3)
Graphical Processing Units	9	(16)
Overview	9	(1)
GPU Architecture	10	(5)
GPUs and General Purpose Programming	15	(2)
APIs	17	(2)
OpenGL and Pixel Processing	19	(3)
Representing Data with Vertices	22	(1)
Non-Graphic Uses of GPUs	23	(2)
Motivation	25	(12)
Overview	25	(1)
Accelerating Cryptographic Processing	25	(3)
Issue	25	(1)
Previous Approaches	26	(1)
Summary of the GPU-Based Approach	27	(1)
Malware and Spyware	28	(5)
Issue	28	(1)
Motivating Applications	28	(2)
Other Related Work	30	(3)
Summary of the GPU-Based Approach	33	(1)
Side Channel and Differential Fault Analysis	33	(4)
Encryption in GPUS	37	(32)
Overview	37	(1)
Feasibility of Asymmetric Key Ciphers	38	(2)
Feasibility of Symmetric Key Ciphers	40	(5)
Modes of Encryption	45	(3)
Example: AES	48	(16)
AES Background	48	(5)
AES in OpenGL	53	(5)
AES Experiments	58	(6)
Use of Parallel Processing in Attacks	64	(1)
GPUs and Stream Ciphers	64	(3)
Overview	64	(1)
Experiments	65	(2)
Conclusions	67	(2)
Remotely Keyed Cryptographics	69	(20)
Overview	69	(1)
Keying of GPUs	69	(3)
Prototype	72	(6)
Purpose	72	(1)
Architecture	72	(2)
Implementation	74	(4)
Design Decisions	78	(4)
Remote Keying	79	(1)
Decryption of Data in the GPU	80	(2)
Experiments	82	(5)
Conclusions	87	(2)
Related Issues	89	(10)
Overview	89	(1)
Protecting User Input	89	(1)
Keying the GPU	90	(3)
Attacks	93	(2)
Trusted Platform Module	95	(2)
Data Compression	97	(2)
Extensions	99	(4)
Overview	99	(1)
Graphics-based Cipher	99	(2)
Encryption within DSPs	101	(2)
Conclusions	103	(4)
Summary	103	(2)
Suggested Projects	105	(2)
Appendices	107	(24)
AES OpenGL Code for Encryption	107	(24)
Overview	107	(1)
Version Using the Red Pixel Component and the Back Buffer	107	(9)
Version Using the RGB Pixel Components and the Front Buffer	116	(15)
References	131	(8)
Index	139