Cultural Studies

by Barker, Chris

• ISBN13: 9780761957751
• ISBN10: 0761957758
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-04-01
• Publisher: Sage Pubns Ltd

Summary

At last a single authored, carefully planned undergraduate textbook which tells you all you need to know about the theory and practice of cultural studies. The book maps the field, and guides you through the core issues. It covers all of the topics included on Cultural Studies courses. It's written in an uncluttered and accessible style. It does not rely on the experience of any single country to make its points. Instead it is a book for the English-speaking world of Cultural Studies where you will find out about: the key concepts in Cultural Studies (an extensive glossary is included); the key figures and schools of thought; the essential methodologies; the historical roots of the subject; the turns toward ideology, language, gender, race and identity; the challenges posed by postmodernism and postcolonialism; what cultural studies can bring to cultural policy.Comprehensive in scope, and authoritative in its analysis, the book offers a one-stop introduction to Cultural Studies.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xix
Paul Willis
Acknowledgements	xxiii
Figures	xxiv
PART ONE FOUNDATIONS OF CULTURAL STUDIES	1	(96)
An Introduction to Cultural Studies	3	(32)
Concerning this book	3	(2)
Selectivity	3	(1)
The language-game of cultural studies	4	(1)
Cultural studies as politics	5	(1)
The parameters of cultural studies	5	(3)
The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies	6	(1)
Disciplining cultural studies	7	(1)
Key concepts in cultural studies	8	(4)
Culture and signifying practices	8	(1)
Representation	8	(1)
Materialism and non-reductionism	8	(1)
Articulation	9	(1)
Power	10	(1)
Popular culture	10	(1)
Texts and readers	11	(1)
Subjectivity and identity	11	(1)
The intellectual strands of cultural studies	12	(14)
Marxism and the centrality of class	12	(1)
Capitalism	13	(1)
Marxism and cultural studies	14	(1)
Culturalism and structuralism	15	(1)
Culture is ordinary	15	(1)
Structuralism	16	(1)
Deep structures of language	16	(1)
Culture as like a language	17	(1)
Poststructuralism (and postmodernism)	18	(1)
Derrida: the instability of language	19	(1)
Foucault and discursive practices	19	(1)
Anti-essentialism	20	(1)
Postmodernism	21	(1)
Psychoanalysis and subjectivity	22	(1)
The Freudian self	22	(1)
The Oedipus complex	23	(1)
The politics of difference: feminism, race and postcolonial theory	24	(1)
Feminism	24	(1)
Race, ethnicity and hybridity	25	(1)
Questions of methodology	26	(8)
Epistemology	26	(1)
Key methodologies in cultural studies	27	(1)
Ethnography	27	(3)
Textual approaches	30	(2)
Reception studies	32	(1)
The place of theory	33	(1)
Summary	34	(1)
Questions of Culture and Ideology	35	(31)
Culture with a capital C: the great and the good in the literary tradition	35	(1)
Leavisism	36	(1)
Culture is ordinary	36	(5)
The anthropological approach to culture	37	(1)
Culturalism: Hoggart, Williams, Thompson	38	(1)
The Uses of Literacy	38	(1)
Richard Hoggart
The Making of the English Working Class	39	(2)
Edward Thompson
High culture/low culture: aesthetics and the collapse of boundaries	41	(3)
A question of quality	41	(1)
Form and content	42	(1)
Ideological analysis	42	(1)
The problem of judgement	43	(1)
Mass culture: popular culture	44	(4)
Culture as mass deception	44	(1)
Criticisms of the Frankfurt School	45	(1)
Creative Consumption	46	(1)
Popular culture	47	(1)
The popular is political	47	(1)
Culture and the social formation	48	(6)
Marxism and the metaphor of base and superstructure	48	(1)
The foundations of culture	49	(1)
Culture as class power	50	(1)
The specificity of culture	50	(1)
Williams: totality and the variable distance of practices	50	(1)
Relative autonomy and the specificity of cultural practices	51	(1)
Althusser and the social formation	52	(1)
Relative autonomy	52	(1)
Articulation and the circuit of culture	53	(1)
Two economies	54	(1)
The question of ideology	54	(10)
Marxism and false consciousness	55	(1)
Althusser and ideology	56	(1)
Ideological state apparatuses	56	(1)
Fragmented subjects	56	(1)
The double character of ideology	57	(1)
Althusser and cultural studies	58	(1)
Gramsci, ideology and hegemony	59	(1)
Cultural and ideological hegemony	59	(1)
Ideology and popular culture	60	(1)
The instability of hegemony	60	(1)
Gramscian cultural studies	61	(1)
The problem of ideology	62	(1)
Ideology as power	62	(1)
Ideology and misrecognition	63	(1)
What is ideology?	64	(1)
Summary	64	(2)
Culture, Meaning, Knowledge: The Linguistic Turn in Cultural Studies	66	(31)
Saussure and semiotics	66	(3)
Signifying systems	67	(1)
Cultural codes	68	(1)
Barthes and mythology	69	(4)
`Myth Today'	69	(2)
Polysemic signs	71	(1)
Poststructuralism and intertextuality	72	(1)
Derrida: Textuality and differance	73	(4)
Nothing but signs	73	(1)
Differance	74	(1)
Derrida's postcards	75	(1)
Strategies of writing	75	(1)
Deconstruction	76	(1)
Derrida and cultural studies	77	(1)
Foucault: discourse, practice and power	77	(4)
Discursive practices	78	(1)
Discourse and discipline	79	(1)
The productivity of power	80	(1)
The subjects of discourse	80	(1)
Post-Marxism and the discursive construction of the `social'	81	(3)
Deconstructing Marxism	81	(1)
The articulated social	82	(2)
Language and psychoanalysis: Lacan	84	(3)
The mirror phase	84	(1)
The symbolic order	85	(1)
The unconscious as `like a language'	86	(1)
Problems with Lacan	87	(1)
Language as use: Wittgenstein and Rorty	87	(6)
Wittgenstein's investigations	88	(1)
Language as a tool	88	(1)
Language-games	89	(1)
Lyotard and incommensurability	90	(1)
Rorty and the contingency of language	90	(1)
Anti-representationalism	90	(1)
Truth as social commendation	91	(1)
Describing and evaluating	92	(1)
Discourse and the material	93	(1)
Indissolubility	94	(1)
Summary	94	(3)
PART TWO THE CHANGING CONTEXT OF CULTURAL STUDIES	97	(66)
A New World Disorder?	99	(31)
Economy, Technology and Social Class	99	(12)
Fordism	99	(2)
Post-Fordism	101	(1)
Reorganizing labour	102	(1)
The regulation school	103	(1)
`New Times'	103	(1)
Post-industrial society and the reconfiguration of class identities	104	(1)
The rise of the service class	105	(1)
Disorganized capitalism	106	(1)
Organized capitalism	107	(1)
Deconcentration and deindustrialization	107	(1)
Patterns of consumption	108	(1)
Postmodernization	108	(1)
The question of determination	109	(2)
Globalization	111	(9)
The dynamism of modernity	111	(1)
Global economic flows	112	(1)
Global cultural flows	113	(1)
Disjunctive flows	114	(1)
Homogenization and fragmentation	115	(1)
Cultural imperialism and its critices	115	(1)
Hybridity and complex cultural flows	116	(1)
Glocalization	117	(1)
Creolization	118	(1)
Globalization and power	119	(1)
Modernity as loss	120	(1)
The state, politics and New Social Movements	120	(8)
The decline of the nation-state and the end of history?	121	(1)
Form and competence	121	(1)
Autonomy	122	(1)
Legitimation	123	(1)
The fall of communism	123	(1)
The end of history?	124	(1)
New Social Movements	125	(1)
Displacing class?	125	(1)
Life-politics	126	(1)
Symbolic communities	127	(1)
Summary	128	(2)
Enter Postmodernism	130	(33)
Defining the terms	130	(1)
The institutions of modernity	131	(3)
The industrial revolution	131	(1)
Surveillance	131	(1)
The dynamism of capitalist modernity	132	(1)
The nation-state and military power	133	(1)
Modernism and culture	134	(6)
Modernism as a cultural experience	134	(1)
Risk, doubt and reflexivity	134	(1)
The flaneur	135	(1)
The dark side of modernity	136	(1)
Modernism as aesthetic style	137	(1)
The problems of realism	137	(1)
Fragmentation and the universal	138	(1)
The cultural politics of modernism	139	(1)
Modernisms	139	(1)
Modern and postmodern knowledge	140	(9)
The enlightenment project	140	(1)
Scientific management	141	(1)
Marxism as enlightenment philosophy	141	(1)
Scientific laws and the principle of doubt	142	(1)
The critique of the enlightenment	143	(1)
Nietzsche: truth as a mobile army of metaphors	144	(1)
Foucault's archaeology	144	(1)
Foucault's genealogy	145	(1)
Breaking with the enlightenment	146	(1)
Postmodernism as the end of grand narratives	147	(1)
The end of epistemology	148	(1)
Relativism or postionality?	148	(1)
The promise of postmodernism (or modernity as an unfinished project?)	149	(3)
Politics without foundations	149	(1)
Modernity as an unfinished project	150	(1)
The public sphere	150	(1)
A normative project	151	(1)
Postmodern culture	152	(8)
The reflexive postmodern	152	(1)
Postmodernism and the collapse of cultural boundaries	153	(1)
Bricolage and intertextuality	154	(1)
The aestheticization of everyday life	155	(1)
Postmodern aesthetics in television	155	(1)
The postmodern detectives	155	(1)
The cartoon postmodern	156	(1)
Evaluating postmodern culture	157	(1)
Depthless culture	157	(1)
Implosions and simulations	157	(1)
The cultural style of late capitalism	158	(1)
Transgressive postmodernism	159	(1)
Summary	160	(3)
PART THREE SITES OF CULTURAL STUDIES	163	(218)
Issues of Subjectivity and Identity	165	(28)
Identity and Subjectivity	165	(3)
Personhood as a cultural production	165	(1)
Essentialism and anti-essentialism	166	(1)
Self-identity as a project	166	(1)
Social identities	167	(1)
The fracturing of identity	168	(11)
The Enlightenment subject	168	(1)
The sociological subject	169	(1)
The postmodern subject	169	(1)
Social theory and the fractured subject	170	(1)
The historical subject of Marxism	170	(1)
Psychoanalysis and subjectivity	171	(1)
Feminism and difference	172	(1)
Language and identity	173	(1)
The Foucauldian subject	174	(2)
The articulated self	176	(1)
Anti-essentialism and cultural identity	176	(1)
The articulation of identities	177	(1)
Sites of interaction	178	(1)
Agency and the politics of identity	179	(7)
The question of agency	179	(1)
Foucault and the problem of agency	179	(1)
Giddens and structuration theory	180	(1)
The duality of structure	181	(1)
The concept of agency	182	(1)
Agency as making a difference	182	(1)
Choice and determination	183	(1)
Modes of discourse	184	(1)
Originality	184	(1)
Innovation and change	185	(1)
Anti-essentialism, feminism, and the politics of identity	186	(6)
Biology as discourse	186	(1)
Sex and gender	187	(1)
Is a universal feminism possible?	188	(1)
The project of feminism	188	(1)
Creating `new languages'	189	(1)
Challenging the critique of identity	190	(1)
Strategic essentialism	191	(1)
Summary	192	(1)
Ethnicity, Race and Nation	193	(31)
Race and ethnicity	193	(4)
Racialization	193	(1)
Different racisms	194	(1)
The concept of ethnicity	195	(1)
Ethincity and power	196	(1)
National identities	197	(3)
The nation-state	197	(1)
Narratives of unity	197	(1)
The imagined community	198	(1)
Criticisms of Anderson	199	(1)
Diaspora and hybrid identities	200	(8)
The idea of diaspora	200	(1)
The Black Atlantic	201	(1)
Types of hybridity	202	(1)
The hybridity of all culture	203	(1)
Hybridity and British Asians	203	(1)
From `sojourners to settlers'	204	(1)
Switching cultural codes	204	(1)
Multiple identities	205	(1)
Intersections and boundary crossings	206	(1)
Weaving the patterns of identity	207	(1)
Race, ethnicity, representation	208	(14)
Savages and slaves	208	(1)
Plantation images	209	(1)
The criminalization of black Britions	210	(1)
Orientalism	210	(1)
Television and the representation of race and ethnicity	211	(1)
Whites only	211	(1)
Stereotyped representations	212	(1)
Signs of change	213	(1)
Menace to society	213	(1)
Assimilationist strategies	214	(1)
The ambiguities of representations	215	(1)
The New Ghetto Aesthetic	216	(1)
EastEnders	217	(1)
I'll Fly Away	217	(1)
The questions of positive images	217	(2)
Postcolonial literature	219	(1)
Models of postcolonial literature	219	(1)
Domination and subordination	220	(1)
Hybridization and creolization	221	(1)
Postmodern Rushdie	221	(1)
Summary	222	(2)
Sex, Subjectivity and Representation	224	(35)
Feminism and cultural studies	224	(7)
Patriarchy, equality and difference	225	(1)
Liberal and socialist feminism	226	(1)
Difference feminism	226	(1)
Black and postcolonial feminism	227	(1)
Poststructuralist feminism	227	(1)
A note about men	227	(2)
Men, addictions and intimacy	229	(2)
Sex, gender and identity	231	(5)
Women's difference	233	(1)
Irigaray and womanspeak	233	(1)
The social construction of sex and gender	234	(1)
Sex as a discursive construct	235	(1)
Sexed subjects	236	(12)
Foucault: subjectivity and sexuality	236	(1)
Sex and the discursive construction of the body	237	(1)
The feminist critique of Foucault	238	(1)
Ethics and agency	239	(1)
Psychoanalysis, feminism and sexed subjectivity	240	(1)
Regulating sexuality	240	(1)
Chodorow: masculinity and femininity	240	(1)
Phallocentric psychoanalysis	241	(1)
Julia Kristeva	242	(2)
Judith Butler: between Foucault and psychoanalysis	244	(1)
The performativity of sex	245	(1)
Identification and abjection	246	(1)
Drag: recasting the symbolic	247	(1)
The discipline and the fiction of identity	247	(1)
Gender, representation and media culture	248	(9)
Images of women	248	(1)
The bitch, the witch and the matriarch	249	(1)
Affirmation and denial	249	(1)
Women of Bollywood	250	(1)
The Taming of the Shrew	251	(1)
The problem of accuracy	252	(1)
Subject positions and the politics of representation	252	(1)
The slender body	253	(1)
The independent mother	253	(1)
Representing people with AIDS	254	(1)
Madonna's performance	255	(1)
The questions of audiences	256	(1)
Summary	257	(2)
Television, Texts and Audiences	259	(31)
Television as text: news and ideology	260	(5)
Putting reality together	260	(1)
The manipulative model	261	(1)
The pluralist model	261	(1)
The hegemonic model	262	(1)
Agenda setting	263	(1)
Gulf War news	263	(1)
Presentational styles	264	(1)
Television as text: soap opera as popular television	265	(3)
Soap opera as a genre	266	(1)
Telenovelas	267	(1)
Women and soap opera	267	(1)
Soap opera and the public sphere	268	(1)
The active audience	268	(5)
Encoding-decoding	270	(1)
Hermeneutic theory	271	(1)
The Nationwide audience	272	(1)
Watching Dallas	272	(1)
Ideology and resistance	273	(1)
Television audiences and cultural identity	273	(5)
The export of meaning	274	(1)
Localizing the global	275	(1)
Audiences, space and identity	276	(1)
National space	276	(1)
Gendered space	277	(1)
Family space and global space	277	(1)
The globalization of television	278	(4)
The political economy of global television	278	(1)
Synergy and television ownership	279	(1)
Convergence and television technology	280	(1)
Deregulation and reregulation	281	(1)
Global electronic culture	282	(5)
Media imperialism	282	(1)
Regionalization	283	(1)
The global and the local	283	(2)
Global postmodern culture	285	(1)
Hypereality and TV simulations	286	(1)
Consumer culture	286	(1)
Creative consumption	287	(1)
Summary	288	(2)
Cultural Space and Urban Place	290	(28)
Space and place in contemporary theory	290	(6)
Time-geography	291	(1)
Time-space	292	(1)
Space and place	292	(1)
The social construction of place	293	(1)
Gendered space	293	(1)
The multiple spaces of Lagos	294	(2)
Cities as places	296	(2)
The Chicago School	296	(2)
Criticisms of urban studies	298	(1)
Political economy and the global city	298	(3)
Capitalism and the urban environment	298	(2)
Global cities	300	(1)
The post-industrial global city	301	(1)
The symbolic economy of cities	301	(4)
Cultural economics	302	(1)
Privatizing public space	303	(1)
The public culture of private elites	304	(1)
Disney: fantasy and surveillance	305	(1)
The postmodern city	305	(6)
Postmodern urbanization	306	(1)
Urban change: suburbs and edge cities	307	(2)
Urban unrest	309	(1)
Fortress LA	309	(1)
The excitement of the city	310	(1)
Cyberspace and the city	311	(4)
The information superhighway	312	(1)
Electronic urban networks	312	(1)
The informational city	313	(1)
Electronic homes in global space	314	(1)
The city as text	315	(2)
Classified spaces	316	(1)
The city which is not one	317	(1)
Summary	317	(1)
Youth, Style and Resistance	318	(31)
The emergence of youth	319	(3)
Youth as moratorium	319	(1)
Youth as cultural classification	320	(1)
The ambiguity of youth	320	(1)
Trouble and fun	321	(1)
Youth subcultures	322	(6)
Subterranean values	322	(1)
Magical solutions	323	(1)
Homologies	324	(1)
Motorbike Boys	324	(1)
Resistance through rituals	325	(1)
The double articulation of youth	325	(1)
Teds, Mods and Skins	326	(1)
Signs of style	326	(2)
Critiques of subcultural theory	328	(1)
Youthful difference: class, gender, race	328	(4)
The self-damnation of the working class	328	(1)
Gendered youth	329	(1)
Another space for girls	330	(1)
Racialized youth	331	(1)
The artifice of black hair	332	(1)
Space: a global youth culture?	332	(3)
Rapping and raving around the globe	333	(1)
Syncretic global youth	334	(1)
After subcultures	335	(5)
Media spotlights	336	(1)
Media devils and subcultural hero (in)es	337	(1)
Postmodernism: the end of authenticity	337	(1)
Postmodern bricoleurs	338	(1)
Claims to authenticity	339	(1)
Distinctions of taste	339	(1)
Creative consumption	340	(2)
Common culture	341	(1)
Resistance revisited	342	(5)
Resistance is conjunctural	342	(1)
Resistance as defence	342	(1)
Inside the whale	343	(1)
Hiding in the light	344	(1)
Tactics and strategies	345	(1)
Banality in cultural studies	346	(1)
Resistance: the normative stance of cultural critics	346	(1)
Summary	347	(2)
Cultural Politics and Cultural Policy	349	(32)
Cultural studies and cultural politics	349	(1)
Naming as cultural politics	350	(1)
Cultural politics: the influence of Gramsci	350	(5)
Winning hegemony	351	(1)
The role of intellectuals	352	(1)
Cultural studies as a political project	352	(1)
Gramscian texts	353	(2)
The cultural politics of difference	355	(4)
New languages of cultural politics	355	(1)
The politics of articulation	356	(1)
No class-belonging	357	(1)
The `cut' in language	358	(1)
Difference, ethnicity and the politics of representation	359	(2)
Invisibility and namelessness	359	(1)
Positive images	360	(1)
Multiculturalism and anti-racism	360	(1)
The politics of representation	360	(1)
Difference, citizenship and the public sphere	361	(2)
Habermas and the public sphere	362	(1)
The democratic tradition	362	(1)
Radical democracy	363	(1)
Questioning cultural studies	363	(3)
The critique of cultural populism	364	(1)
A multiperspectival approach	365	(1)
The circuit of culture	365	(1)
The cultural policy debate	366	(7)
Redirecting the cultural studies project	366	(1)
Governmentality	367	(1)
Culture and power	368	(1)
Foucault or Gramsci?	369	(1)
Policy and the problem of values	370	(1)
Shifting the command metaphors of cultural studies	370	(1)
The horizon of the thinkable	371	(1)
Criticism and policy	372	(1)
Neo-pragmatism and cultural studies	373	(7)
Pragmatism and cultural studies	373	(1)
Richard Rorty: politics without foundations	374	(1)
Anti-representationalism	374	(1)
Anti-foundationalism	374	(1)
Contingency, irony, solidarity	375	(1)
Truth as social commendation	375	(1)
Forgiving new languages	376	(1)
Prophetic pragmatism	377	(1)
Private identities and public politics	378	(2)
Summary	380	(1)
Glossary: The Language-Game of Cultural Studies	381	(14)
References	395	(20)
Index	415