Current Topics in Developmental Biology

by Schatten

• ISBN13: 9780121531560
• ISBN10: 0121531562
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-10-17
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Together with other volumes in this series, Volume 56 presents thoughtful and forward-looking articles on developmental biology and developmental medicine. Reviews include: * Selfishness in moderation: evolutionary success of the yeast plasmid * Nongenomic actions of androgen in sertoli cells * Regulation of chromatin structure and gene activity by Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases * Centromeres and Kinetochores, Who Needs 'Em? The Role of Non-centromeric Chromatin in Spindle Assembly * Modeling Cardiogenesis: The Challenges and Promises of 3D Reconstruction * Plasmid and Chromosome Traffic Control: How ParA and ParB Drive Partition The exceptional reviews in this volume of Current Topics in Developmental Biology will be valuable to both clinical and fundamental researchers, as well as students and other professionals who want an introduction to current topics in cellular and molecular approaches to developmental biology and clinical problems of aberrant development. * Series Editor Gerald Schatten is one of the leading minds in reproductive and developmental science * Presents major issues and astonishing discoveries at the forefront of modern developmental biology and developmental medicine * The longest-running forum for contemporary issues in developmental biology with over 30 years of coverage

Table of Contents

Contributors	ix
1 Selfishness in Moderation: Evolutionary Success of the Yeast Plasmid
Soundarapandian Velmurugan, Shwetal Mehta, and Makkuni Jayaram
I. Introduction	2	(1)
II. The Origins and Evolution of Selfishness	2	(1)
III. Selfish Nucleic Acids in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes	3	(2)
IV. The Yeast Plasmids	5	(1)
V. Organization and Regulation of the 2-μm Circle Genome	5	(1)
VI. The Plasmid Partitioning and Amplification Systems	6	(1)
VII. Regulation of Plasmid Gene Expression	7	(8)
VIII. The Yeast Cohesin Complex Interacts Specifically with the Rep-STB System	15	(2)
IX. Models for Cohesin-Mediated Plasmid Segregation	17	(1)
X. Summary and Perspectives	18	(1)
XI. Open Questions for Future Research	19	(2)
References	21	(5)
2 Nongenomic Actions of Androgen in Sertoli Cells
William H. Walker
I. Introduction	26	(1)
II. Hormonal Regulation of Spermatogenesis	27	(3)
III. Nongenomic Actions of Androgen	30	(8)
IV. The Regulation of Female and Male Germ Cell Development by Nongnomic Actions of Androgen	38	(8)
V. Summary	46	(1)
Acknowledgments	46	(1)
References	46	(10)
3 Regulation of Chromatin Structure and Gene Activity by Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases
Alexej Tulin, Yurii Chinenov, and Allan Spradling
I. Introduction	56	(1)
II. Background	56	(7)
III. Mechanism of Action	63	(3)
IV. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase and Transcription	66	(4)
V. Multiple Routes to Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activation	70	(2)
VI. Specificity of Transcriptional Activation	72	(1)
VII. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase and Other Chromatin Processes	73	(2)
VIII. Concluding Thoughts	75	(1)
Acknowledgments	76	(1)
References	76	(9)
4. Centrosomes and Kinetochores, Who Needs 'Em? The Role of Noncentromeric Chromatin in Spindle Assembly
Priva Prakash Budde and Rebecca Heald
I. Introduction	85	(1)
II. Role of Centrosomes and Kinetochores in Spindle Assembly	86	(2)
III. Role of Chromatin in Spindle Assembly	88	(3)
IV. How Does Chromatin Stabilize Microtubules?	91	(1)
V. Chromatin-Associated Kinases and Microtubules	91	(3)
VI. Chromatin-Associated Phosphatases and Microtubule Dynamics	94	(1)
VII. The Elusive Chromatin Signal: RanGTP	95	(1)
VIII. RCC1, the Chromatin Regulator of Microtubules	96	(1)
IX. The RanGTP Gradient	97	(1)
X. Ran and Microtubule Stabalization and Organization	98	(3)
XI. Ran and Microtubule Nucleation	101	(1)
XII. Ran and Chromosome Condensation	102	(1)
XIII. Chromatin-Associated Microtubule-Based Motor Proteins and Spindle Assembly	102	(3)
XIV. Centrosomes and Kinetochores Revisited	105	(1)
XV. Conclusions	106	(1)
Acknowledgments	107	(1)
References	107	(8)
5 Modeling Cardiogenesis: The Challenges and Promises of 3D Reconstruction
Jeffrey O. Pentecost, Claudio Silva, Maurice Pesticelli, Jr., and Kent L. Thornburg
I. Introduction	115	(2)
II. Embryonic Heart Development	117	(1)
III. Reconstruction and Modeling Techniques	118	(10)
IV. The Embyronic Human Heart	128	(4)
V. Recent Developments	132	(6)
VI. Summary and Future Directions	138	(2)
References	140	(5)
6 Plasmid and Chromosome Traffic Control: How ParA and ParB Drive Partition
Jennifer A. Surtees and Barbara E. Funnell
I. Introduction: Chromosome Dynamics in Bacterial Cells	145	(1)
II. P1 ParA and ParB	146	(17)
III. Other Plasmid Partition Systems	163	(5)
IV. Bacterial ParA and Par B Proteins	168	(5)
V. Concluding Remarks	173	(1)
Acknowledgments	174	(1)
References	174	(7)
Index	181	(16)
Contents of Previous Volumes	197