In keeping with the tradition of excellence of past volumes of the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series, this volume provides a comprehensive survey of major issues at the forefront of modern developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Astonishing discoveries are presented in thoughtful and forward-looking articles.

Contributors

xi

Deer Antlers as a Model of Mammalian Regeneration

Joanna Price

Corrine Faucheux

Steve Allen

Introduction

2

(22)

Regulation of the Antler Development and Regeneration

24

(26)

Acknowledgments

37

(1)

References

38

(12)

The Molecular and Genetic Control of Leaf Senescence and Longevity in Arabidopsis

Pyung Ok Lim

Hong Gil Nam

Introduction

50

(2)

Arabidopsis as a Model Plant for Studying Leaf Senescence

52

(1)

Senescence Symptoms

52

(3)

Identification of Senescence-Associated Genes and Their Functional Analysis

55

(7)

Regulatory Mode of Senescence-Associated Genes

62

(1)

Regulatory Factors: Molecular Genetic Regulation of Leaf Senescence

62

(11)

Biotechnological Application of Senescence

73

(1)

Conclusions and Future Challenges

73

(13)

Acknowledgments

77

(1)

References

77

(9)

An Oncofetal Gene with Many Faces

Caterina Bianco

Luigi Strizzi

Nicola Normanno

Nadia Khan

David S. Salomon

Introduction

86

(2)

Structure and Genomic Organization of the EGF-CFC Gene Family

88

(4)

Function and Expression of EGF-CFC Genes During Embryonic Development

92

(5)

EGF-CFC Proteins in Mammary Gland Development

97

(2)

EGF-CFC Proteins in Transformation and Tumorigenesis

99

(4)

Intracellular Signaling Pathways Activated by Cripto-1

103

(6)

Expression of Cripto-1 in Human Carcinomas and Premalignant Lesions

109

(6)

Cripto-1 as Target for Therapy in Human Cancer

115

(3)

Conclusions and Perspectives

118

(18)

Acknowledgments

120

(1)

References

121

(15)

Programmed Cell Death in Plant Embryogenesis

Peter V. Bozhkov

Lada H. Filonova

Maria F. Suarez

Introduction

136

(3)

Model Embryonic Systems

139

(15)

Mechanics of Cell Death

154

(8)

Molecular Executioners

162

(8)

Concluding Remarks

170

(12)

Acknowledgments

171

(1)

References

171

(11)

Physiological Roles of Aquaporins in the Choroid Plexus

Daniela Boassa

Andrea J. Yool

Aquaporin Water Channels

182

(1)

Development of the Choroid Plexus

183

(2)

Ion Channels in the Choroid Plexus

185

(4)

Function of AQP1 as a Gated Cation Channel

189

(2)

Physiological Relevance of AQP1 Ion Channels in Choroid Plexus

191

(1)

Regulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Production

192

(1)

Choroid Plexus ``Dark Cells''

193

(1)

Barrier Function of the Choroid Plexus

194

(3)

Neuroendocrine Function

197

(1)

Pathophysiology of the Choroid Plexus

198

(1)

Conclusions

199

(8)

References

199

(8)

Control of Food Intake Through Regulation of cAMP

Allan Z. Zhao

Introduction

207

(1)

Regulation of Feeding at the Hypothalamus

208

(2)

Hypothalamic Effects of cAMP on Food Intake

210

(1)

cAMP as an Orexigenic Second Messenger

210

(2)

The Anorectic Effects of cAMP in the PVN

212

(1)

Regulation of Food Intake by Leptin Requires a PI3K-PDE3B-cAMP Signaling Pathway

213

(2)

What Elevates the Intracellular cAMP Levels in the NPY-Neurons in a Negative Energy Balance State?

215

(2)

A Working Model for Hypothalamic Control of Food Intake Involving Regulation of cAMP---A Perspective from the NPY/AgrP Neurons

217

(1)

Dysregulation of cAMP in the Hypothalamus---Implication in Obesity

218

(8)

References

218

(8)

Factors Affecting Male Song Evolution in Drosophila montana

Anneli Hoikkala

Kirsten Klappert

Dominique Mazzi

Background

226

(5)

Male Song Variation in D. montana and Other Species of the virilis Group

231

(5)

Female Preferences for Male Song Characters

236

(7)

Song as a Species-Recognition Signal

243

(1)

Summary

243

(9)

Acknowledgments

245

(1)

References

245

(7)

Prostanoids and Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension

Ralph Theo Schermuly

Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani

Norbert Weissmann

Introduction

252

(5)

Animal and Organ Models of Pulmonary Hypertension

257

(1)

Prostanoids and PDE Inhibitors in Acute and Chronic Hypoxia

257

(6)

Prostanoids and PDE Inhibitors in Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension

263

(4)

Prostanoids and PDE Inhibitors in U46619-Induced Acute Pulmonary Hypertension

267

(3)

Less Frequently Used Models of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension

270

(1)

Combination of PDE Inhibitors with Vasodilators

271

(2)

Summary and Concluding Remarks

273

(13)

Acknowledgments

273

(1)

References

274

(12)

14-3-3 Protein Signaling in Development and Growth Factor Responses

Daniel Thomas

Mark Guthridge

Jo Woodcock

Angel Lopez

Introduction

286

(1)

14-3-3: A Dimer with Phosphoserine-Binding Activity

287

(5)

14-3-3 Pathways in Drosophila Development

292

(2)

Interaction with the Ras-Raf Signaling Pathway

294

(1)

14-3-3 and Growth Factor Signaling

295

(2)

Phosphorylation of 14-3-3 by Sphingosine-Dependent Kinase

297

(1)

Conclusions

298

(8)

References

298

(8)

Skeletal Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine

Wataru Sonoyama

Carolyn Coppe

Stan Gronthos

Songtao Shi

Introduction

306

(1)

Isolation and Characterization of MSCs from Bone Marrow

307

(2)

Niche Microenvironment of BMSSCs

309

(1)

Therapeutic Uses of BMSSCs

310

(4)

Delivery of BMSSCs

314

(1)

Alternative Sources of MSCs

315

(1)

Future Direction

316

(9)

References

316

(9)

Index

325

(14)

Contents of Previous Volumes

339

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