Introduction | p. xi |
Cosmology | |
Relativistic Cosmology | p. 3 |
Introduction | p. 3 |
Essentials of Friedmann-Lemaître Models | p. 4 |
Friedmann-Lemaître Spacetimes | p. 5 |
Thermal History Below 100 MeV | p. 13 |
Luminosity-Redshift Relation | p. 22 |
Inflationary Scenario | p. 27 |
Introduction | p. 27 |
The Horizon Problem and the General Idea of Inflation | p. 27 |
Scalar Field Models | p. 33 |
Cosmological Perturbation Theory | p. 37 |
Generalities | p. 38 |
Explicit form of the Energy-Momentum Conservation | p. 48 |
Einstein Equations | p. 49 |
Some Applications of CPT | p. 55 |
Nonrelativistic Limit | p. 56 |
Large-Scale Solutions | p. 57 |
Solution for Dust | p. 59 |
A Simple Relativistic Example | p. 60 |
CPT for Scalar Field Models | p. 61 |
Basic Perturbation Equations | p. 62 |
Consequences and Reformulations | p. 65 |
Quantization, Primordial Power Spectra | p. 70 |
Power Spectrum of the Inflaton Field | p. 71 |
Generation of Gravitational Waves | p. 80 |
Appendix to Section 1.7: Einstein Tensor for Tensor Perturbations | p. 89 |
Tight Coupling Phase | p. 90 |
Basic Equations | p. 91 |
Analytical and Numerical Analysis | p. 105 |
General Relativistic Boltzmann Equation | p. 112 |
One-Particle Phase Space, Liouville Operator | p. 112 |
The General Relativistic Boltzmann Equation | p. 116 |
Gauge Transformations | p. 117 |
Liouville Operator in the Longitudinal Gauge | p. 117 |
Boltzmann Equation for Photons | p. 120 |
Tensor Contributions to the Boltzmann Equation | p. 125 |
Collision Integral for Thomson Scattering | p. 126 |
References | p. 130 |
Cosmology with Cosmic Microwave Background and Large-Scale Structure Observations | p. 133 |
Introduction | p. 133 |
Cosmic Microwave Background and Other Data Sets: What have we Learned About Cosmology? | p. 135 |
Testing Inflation: Status and the Prospects | p. 139 |
Beyond the Standard Cosmological Model | p. 143 |
CMB: How is the Information Extracted? | p. 145 |
Real-World Effects | p. 146 |
Beam | p. 147 |
Sky Cut | p. 148 |
How Do You Make a CMB Map in the First Place? | p. 148 |
Foregrounds | p. 150 |
Estimation of the Cl | p. 153 |
Likelihoods | p. 153 |
The Dark Side of Large-Scale Structures | p. 154 |
Basic Tools for Large-Scale Structure | p. 155 |
Window and Selection Function | p. 162 |
Weighting Schemes to Account for all that and More | p. 163 |
Redshift-Space Distortions | p. 164 |
Nonlinearities etc. | p. 166 |
Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) | p. 169 |
Conclusions | p. 175 |
References | p. 175 |
Cosmology with Gravitational Lensing | p. 177 |
Introduction | p. 177 |
Basics of Lensing | p. 178 |
The Bend Angle | p. 178 |
The Lens Equation | p. 179 |
General Thin Lens Mass Distributions | p. 182 |
Dark Matter | p. 185 |
2D Mass Surface Density Reconstruction | p. 185 |
Testing the Navarro-Frenk-White Profile of CDM | p. 188 |
Cosmological Lensing | p. 189 |
Distortion of Light Bundles | p. 190 |
Lensing Potential | p. 191 |
Matter Power Spectrum | p. 194 |
Intrinsic Alignments | p. 195 |
E/B Decomposition | p. 196 |
Results | p. 198 |
Lensing in 3D | p. 199 |
3D Potential and Mass Density Reconstruction | p. 199 |
Tomography | p. 201 |
The Shear Ratio Test | p. 203 |
Full 3D Analysis of the Shear Field | p. 204 |
Dark Energy with 3D Lensing Methods | p. 206 |
Dark Gravity | p. 208 |
Growth Rate | p. 210 |
The Future | p. 211 |
Appendix: The Propagation of Light through a Weakly Perturbed Universe | p. 212 |
The Geodesic Equation | p. 212 |
References | p. 214 |
Cosmology with Numerical Simulations | p. 217 |
Introduction | p. 217 |
N-Body Codes | p. 218 |
The Model Equations | p. 218 |
The Particle-Particle (PP) Method | p. 219 |
The Particle-Mesh (PM) Method | p. 221 |
Tree Codes | p. 224 |
Hybrid Methods | p. 225 |
Initial Conditions and Simulation Setup | p. 226 |
Code Comparison | p. 227 |
Hydrodynamical Codes | p. 228 |
The Model Equations | p. 228 |
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) | p. 229 |
Eulerian Methods | p. 233 |
Code Comparison | p. 234 |
Extra Gas Physics | p. 234 |
References | p. 236 |
Dark Matter | |
Dark Matter Astrophysics | p. 241 |
Introduction | p. 241 |
Astrophysical Evidence | p. 242 |
Galactic Rotation Curves | p. 242 |
Galaxy Clusters | p. 244 |
Cosmic Microwave Background and Large-Scale Structure | p. 247 |
Basic Properties of Dark Matter | p. 248 |
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) | p. 250 |
WIMP Freezeout in Early Universe | p. 250 |
Direct Detection | p. 253 |
Energetic v's from the Sun | p. 255 |
Cosmic Rays from DM Annihilation | p. 256 |
Variations and Additions | p. 261 |
Enhanced Relic Abundance | p. 261 |
Kinetic Decoupling | p. 262 |
Particle Decay and Suppression of Small-Scale Power | p. 262 |
Dipole Dark Matter | p. 264 |
Gravitational Constraints | p. 264 |
Electromagnetic-Like Interactions for Dark Matter? | p. 266 |
Some Other Particle Dark-Matter Candidates | p. 266 |
Sterile Neutrinos | p. 267 |
Axions | p. 268 |
Conclusions | p. 270 |
References | p. 270 |
Dark Matter: the Particle Physics View | p. 273 |
Introduction | p. 273 |
The Standard Model of Particle Physics | p. 276 |
The Higgs Mechanism and Vector Boson Masses | p. 278 |
Fermion Masses | p. 279 |
Successes and Difficulties of the SM | p. 280 |
The DM Problem: Experimental Evidence | p. 281 |
Lepton Number Violation and Neutrinos as HDM Candidates | p. 282 |
Neutrino Masses in the SM and Beyond | p. 282 |
Thermal History of Neutrinos | p. 283 |
HDM and Structure Formation | p. 285 |
Low-energy SUSY and DM | p. 285 |
Neutralinos as the LSP in SUSY Models | p. 285 |
Neutralinos in the Minimal SUSY Standard Model | p. 286 |
Thermal History of Neutralinos and ¿CDM | p. 288 |
Changing the Expansion Rate in the Past | p. 288 |
GR as a Fixed Point | p. 290 |
Implications for DM in the CMSSM | p. 292 |
References | p. 292 |
Dark Matter Direct and Indirect Detection | p. 295 |
Introduction | p. 295 |
Dark Matter at the Various Scales | p. 296 |
The Nature of Dark Matter | p. 296 |
Direct Detection of WIMPs via Scattering off Ordinary Matter | p. 301 |
Rate and Features of the WIMP-Nucleus Interactions | p. 301 |
Status of the Experimental Search for WIMPs | p. 306 |
Indirect Detection via Annihilation of Dark Matter Particles | p. 317 |
Introduction to Annihilation Mechanisms and Products | p. 319 |
Indirect Search Exploiting the Antimatter Component in Cosmic Rays | p. 321 |
Indirect Search with ¿-rays and Neutrinos | p. 322 |
Conclusions | p. 326 |
References | p. 327 |
Dark Energy | |
Dark Energy: Investigation and Modeling | p. 331 |
Introduction | p. 331 |
Observational Constraints on Dark Energy | p. 333 |
Supernovae Ia Observations | p. 333 |
CMB | p. 338 |
BAO | p. 341 |
Cosmological Constant | p. 342 |
Modified Matter Models | p. 346 |
Quintessence | p. 346 |
k-Essence | p. 351 |
Coupled Dark Energy | p. 354 |
Unified Models of Dark Energy and Dark Matter | p. 364 |
Modified Gravity Models | p. 366 |
f(R) Gravity | p. 366 |
Gauss-Bonnet Dark Energy Models | p. 375 |
Scalar-Tensor Theories | p. 377 |
DGP Model | p. 381 |
Cosmic Acceleration without Dark Energy | p. 384 |
Inhomogeneous LTB Model | p. 385 |
Backreaction of Cosmological Perturbations | p. 387 |
Conclusions | p. 388 |
References | p. 390 |
Index | p. 403 |
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