Darwin without Malthus The Struggle for Existence in Russian Evolutionary Thought

by Todes, Daniel P.

• ISBN13: 9780195058307
• ISBN10: 0195058305
• eBook ISBN(s): 9780195363272
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1989-07-13
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• More Book Details

Summary

Nineteenth century Russian intellectuals perceived a Malthusian bias in Darwin's theory of evolution by means of natural selection. They identified that bias with Darwin's concept of the "struggle for existence" and his emphasis upon the evolutionary role of overpopulation and intraspecific conflict. In this book, Todes documents a historical Russian critique of Darwin's "Malthusian error", explores its relationship to such scientific work as Mechnikov's phagocytic theory,Korzhinskii's mutation theory and Kropotkin's theory of mutual aid, and finds its origins in Russia's political economy and in the very nature of its land and climate. This is the first book in English to examine in detail the scientific work of nineteenth century Russian evolutionists, and the first inany language to explore the relationship of Russian theories to the economic, political, and natural circumstances in which they were generated. It combines a broad scope (dealing with political figures and cultural movements) with a close analysis of scientific work on a range of topics.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 3
Darwin's Metaphor and His Russian Audience	p. 7
Malthus, Darwin, and Russian Social Thought	p. 24
Beketov, Botany, and the Harmony of Nature	p. 45
Korzhinskii, the Steppe, and the Theory of Heterogenesis	p. 62
Mechnikov, Darwinism, and the Phagocytic Theory	p. 82
Kessler and Russia's Mutual Aid Tradition	p. 104
Kropotkin's Theory of Mutual Aid	p. 123
Severtsov, Timiriazev, and the Classical Tradition	p. 143
Conclusion	p. 166
Notes	p. 173
Name Index	p. 213
Subject Index	p. 217
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