DataBase Systems : A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management

by Connolly, Thomas M.; Begg, Carolyn E.

• ISBN13: 9780321294012
• ISBN10: 0321294017
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-01-01
• Publisher: Addison Wesley

Summary

This book places a strong emphasis on good design practice, allowing readers to master design methodology in an accessible, step-by-step fashion. In this book, database design methodology is explicitly divided into three phases: conceptual, logical, and physical. Each phase is described in a separate chapter with an example of the methodology working in practice. Extensive treatment of the Web as an emerging platform for database applications is covered alongside many code samples for accessing databases from the Web including JDBC, SQLJ, ASP, ISP, and Oracle's PSP. A thorough update of later chapters covering object-oriented databases, Web databases, XML, data warehousing, data mining is included in this new edition. A clear introduction to design implementation and management issues, as well as an extensive treatment of database languages and standards, make this book an indispensable, complete reference for database professionals.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxxiii
Part 1 Background	1	(66)
Introduction to Databases	3	(30)
Introduction	4	(3)
Traditional File-Based Systems	7	(7)
File-Based Approach	7	(5)
Limitations of the File-Based Approach	12	(2)
Database Approach	14	(7)
The Database	15	(1)
The Database Management System (DBMS)	16	(1)
(Database) Application Programs	17	(1)
Components of the DBMS Environment	18	(3)
Database Design: The Paradigm Shift	21	(1)
Roles in the Database Environment	21	(3)
Data and Database Administrators	22	(1)
Database Designers	22	(1)
Application Developers	23	(1)
End-Users	23	(1)
History of Database Management Systems	24	(2)
Advantages and Disadvantages of DBMSs	26	(7)
Chapter Summary	31	(1)
Review Questions	32	(1)
Exercises	32	(1)
Database Environment	33	(34)
The Three-Level ANSI-SPARC Architecture	34	(5)
External Level	35	(1)
Conceptual Level	36	(1)
Internal Level	36	(1)
Schemas, Mappings, and Instances	37	(1)
Data Independence	38	(1)
Database Languages	39	(4)
The Data Definition Language (DDL)	40	(1)
The Data Manipulation Language (DML)	40	(2)
Fourth-Generation Languages (4GLs)	42	(1)
Data Models and Conceptual Modeling	43	(5)
Object-Based Data Models	44	(1)
Record-Based Data Models	45	(2)
Physical Data Models	47	(1)
Conceptual Modeling	47	(1)
Functions of a DBMS	48	(5)
Components of a DBMS	53	(3)
Multi-User DBMS Architectures	56	(11)
Teleprocessing	56	(1)
File-Server Architectures	56	(1)
Traditional Two-Tier Client--Server Architecture	57	(3)
Three-Tier Client--Server Architecture	60	(2)
Transaction Processing Monitors	62	(2)
Chapter Summary	64	(1)
Review Questions	65	(1)
Exercises	65	(2)
Part 2 The Relational Model and Languages	67	(212)
The Relational Model	69	(19)
Brief History of the Relational Model	70	(1)
Terminology	71	(10)
Relational Data Structure	72	(3)
Mathematical Relations	75	(1)
Database Relations	76	(1)
Properties of Relations	77	(1)
Relational Keys	78	(1)
Representing Relational Database Schemes	79	(2)
Integrity Constraints	81	(2)
Nulls	81	(1)
Entity Integrity	82	(1)
Referential Integrity	83	(1)
General Constraints	83	(1)
Views	83	(5)
Terminology	84	(1)
Purpose of Views	84	(1)
Updating Views	85	(1)
Chapter Summary	86	(1)
Review Questions	87	(1)
Exercises	87	(1)
Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus	88	(24)
The Relational Algebra	89	(14)
Unary Operations	89	(3)
Set Operations	92	(3)
Join Operations	95	(4)
Division Operation	99	(1)
Aggregation and Grouping Operations	100	(2)
Summary of the Relational Algebra Operations	102	(1)
The Relational Calculus	103	(6)
Tuple Relational Calculus	103	(4)
Domain Relational Calculus	107	(2)
Other Languages	109	(3)
Chapter Summary	110	(1)
Review Questions	110	(1)
Exercises	111	(1)
SQL: Data Manipulation	112	(45)
Introduction to SQL	113	(3)
Objectives of SQL	113	(1)
History of SQL	114	(2)
Importance of SQL	116	(1)
Terminology	116	(1)
Writing SQL Commands	116	(1)
Data Manipulation	117	(40)
Simple Queries	118	(9)
Sorting Results (Order by Clause)	127	(2)
Using the SQL Aggregate Functions	129	(2)
Grouping Results (Group by Clause)	131	(3)
Subqueries	134	(4)
Any and All	138	(1)
Multi-Table Queries	139	(7)
Exists and Not Exists	146	(1)
Combining Result Tables (Union, Intersect, Except)	147	(2)
Database Updates	149	(5)
Chapter Summary	154	(1)
Review Questions	155	(1)
Exercises	155	(2)
SQL: Data Definition	157	(41)
The ISO SQL Data Types	158	(6)
SQL Identifiers	158	(1)
SQL Scalar Data Types	159	(1)
Exact Numeric Data	160	(4)
Integrity Enhancement Feature	164	(4)
Required Data	164	(1)
Domain Constraints	164	(2)
Entity Integrity	166	(1)
Referential Integrity	166	(1)
General Constraints	167	(1)
Data Definition	168	(8)
Creating a Database	168	(1)
Creating a Table (Create Table)	169	(4)
Changing a Table Definition (Alter Table)	173	(1)
Removing a Table (Drop Table)	174	(1)
Creating an Index (Create Index)	175	(1)
Removing an Index (Drop Index)	176	(1)
Views	176	(11)
Creating a View (Create View)	177	(2)
Removing a View (Drop View)	179	(1)
View Resolution	180	(1)
Restrictions on Views	181	(1)
View Updatability	181	(2)
With Check Option	183	(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Views	184	(2)
View Materialization	186	(1)
Transactions	187	(2)
Immediate and Deferred Integrity Constraints	189	(1)
Discretionary Access Control	189	(9)
Granting Privileges to Other Users (Grant)	191	(1)
Revoking Privileges from Users (Revoke)	192	(2)
Chapter Summary	194	(1)
Review Questions	195	(1)
Exercises	195	(3)
Query-By-Example	198	(27)
Introduction to Microsoft Office Access Queries	199	(2)
Building Select Queries Using QBE	201	(7)
Specifying Criteria	202	(2)
Creating Multi-Table Queries	204	(3)
Calculating Totals	207	(1)
Using Advanced Queries	208	(7)
Parameter Query	208	(1)
Crosstab Query	209	(3)
Find Duplicates Query	212	(2)
Find Unmatched Query	214	(1)
Autolookup Query	215	(1)
Changing the Content of Tables Using Action Queries	215	(10)
Make-Table Action Query	215	(2)
Delete Action Query	217	(1)
Update Action Query	217	(4)
Append Action Query	221	(3)
Exercises	224	(1)
Commercial RDBMSs: Office Access and Oracle	225	(54)
Microsoft Office Access 2003	226	(16)
Objects	226	(1)
Microsoft Office Access Architecture	227	(1)
Table Definition	228	(5)
Relationships and Referential Integrity Definition	233	(1)
General Constraint Definition	234	(2)
Forms	236	(2)
Reports	238	(1)
Macros	239	(3)
Object Dependencies	242	(1)
Oracle9i	242	(37)
Objects	244	(1)
Oracle Architecture	245	(7)
Table Definition	252	(3)
General Constraint Definition	255	(1)
PL/SQL	255	(6)
Subprograms, Stored Procedures, Functions, and Packages	261	(2)
Triggers	263	(4)
Oracle Internet Developer Suite	267	(4)
Other Oracle Functionality	271	(1)
Oracle 10g	271	(5)
Chapter Summary	276	(1)
Review Questions	277	(2)
Part 3 Database Analysis and Design Techniques	279	(156)
Database Planning, Design, and Administration	281	(33)
The Information Systems Lifecycle	282	(1)
The Database System Development Lifecycle	283	(2)
Database Planning	285	(1)
System Definition	286	(2)
User Views	287	(1)
Requirements Collection and Analysis	288	(3)
Centralized Approach	289	(1)
View Integration Approach	289	(2)
Database Design	291	(4)
Approaches to Database Design	291	(1)
Data Modeling	292	(1)
Phases of Database Design	293	(2)
DBMS Selection	295	(4)
Selecting the DBMS	296	(3)
Application Design	299	(4)
Transaction Design	300	(1)
User Interface Design Guidelines	301	(2)
Prototyping	303	(1)
Implementation	304	(1)
Data Conversion and Loading	305	(1)
Testing	305	(1)
Operational Maintenance	306	(1)
Case Tools	307	(2)
Data Administration and Database Administration	309	(5)
Data Administration	309	(1)
Database Administration	309	(2)
Comparison of Data and Database Administration	311	(1)
Chapter Summary	311	(2)
Review Questions	313	(1)
Exercises	313	(1)
Fact-Finding Techniques	314	(28)
When Are Fact-Finding Techniques Used?	315	(1)
What Facts Are Collected?	316	(1)
Fact-Finding Techniques	317	(4)
Examining Documentation	317	(1)
Interviewing	317	(2)
Observing the Enterprise in Operation	319	(1)
Research	319	(1)
Questionnaires	320	(1)
Using Fact-Finding Techniques -- A Worked Example	321	(21)
The DreamHome Case Study -- An Overview	321	(5)
The DreamHome Case Study -- Database Planning	326	(5)
The DreamHome Case Study -- System Definition	331	(1)
The DreamHome Case Study -- Requirements Collection and Analysis	332	(8)
The DreamHome Case Study -- Database Design	340	(1)
Chapter Summary	340	(1)
Review Questions	341	(1)
Exercises	341	(1)
Entity--Relationship Modeling	342	(29)
Entity Types	343	(3)
Relationship Types	346	(4)
Degree of Relationship Type	347	(2)
Recursive Relationship	349	(1)
Attributes	350	(4)
Simple and Composite Attributes	351	(1)
Single-Valued and Multi-Valued Attributes	351	(1)
Derived Attributes	352	(1)
Keys	352	(2)
Strong and Weak Entity Types	354	(1)
Attributes and Relationships	355	(1)
Structural Constraints	356	(8)
One-to-One (1:1) Relationships	357	(1)
One-to-Many (1:*) Relationships	358	(1)
Many-to-Many (*:*) Relationships	359	(2)
Multiplicity for Complex Relationships	361	(1)
Cardinality and Participation Constraints	362	(2)
Problems with ER Models	364	(7)
Fan Traps	364	(1)
Chasm Traps	365	(3)
Chapter Summary	368	(1)
Review Questions	369	(1)
Exercises	369	(2)
Enhanced Entity--Relationship Modeling	371	(16)
Specialization/Generalization	372	(11)
Superclasses and Subclasses	372	(1)
Superclass/Subclass Relationships	373	(1)
Attribute Inheritance	374	(1)
Specialization Process	374	(1)
Generalization Process	375	(3)
Constraints on Specialization/Generalization	378	(1)
Worked Example of using Specialization/Generalization to Model the Branch View of DreamHome Case Study	379	(4)
Aggregation	383	(1)
Composition	384	(3)
Chapter Summary	385	(1)
Review Questions	386	(1)
Exercises	386	(1)
Normalization	387	(28)
The Purpose of Normalization	388	(1)
How Normalization Supports Database Design	389	(1)
Data Redundancy and Update Anomalies	390	(2)
Insertion Anomalies	391	(1)
Deletion Anomalies	392	(1)
Modification Anomalies	392	(1)
Functional Dependencies	392	(9)
Characteristics of Functional Dependencies	393	(4)
Identifying Functional Dependencies	397	(2)
Identifying the Primary Key for a Relation using Functional Dependencies	399	(2)
The Process of Normalization	401	(2)
First Normal Form (1NF)	403	(4)
Second Normal Form (2NF)	407	(1)
Third Normal Form (3NF)	408	(3)
General Definitions of 2NF and 3NF	411	(4)
Chapter Summary	412	(1)
Review Questions	413	(1)
Exercises	413	(2)
Advanced Normalization	415	(20)
More on Functional Dependencies	416	(3)
Inference Rules for Functional Dependencies	416	(2)
Minimal Sets of Functional Dependencies	418	(1)
Boyce--Codd Normal Form (BCNF)	419	(3)
Definition of Boyce--Codd Normal Form	419	(3)
Review of Normalization up to BCNF	422	(6)
Fourth Normal Form (4NF)	428	(2)
Multi-Valued Dependency	428	(2)
Definition of Fourth Normal Form	430	(1)
Fifth Normal Form (5NF)	430	(5)
Lossless-Join Dependency	430	(1)
Definition of Fifth Normal Form	431	(2)
Chapter Summary	433	(1)
Review Questions	433	(1)
Exercises	433	(2)
Part 4 Methodology	435	(104)
Methodology -- Conceptual Database Design	437	(24)
Introduction to the Database Design Methodology	438	(2)
What is a Design Methodology?	438	(1)
Conceptual, Logical, and Physical Database Design	439	(1)
Critical Success Factors in Database Design	440	(1)
Overview of the Database Design Methodology	440	(2)
Conceptual Database Design Methodology	442	(19)
Step 1 Build Conceptual Data Model	442	(16)
Chapter Summary	458	(1)
Review Questions	459	(1)
Exercises	460	(1)
Methodology -- Logical Database Design for the Relational Model	461	(33)
Logical Database Design Methodology for the Relational Model	462	(32)
Step 2 Build and Validate Logical Data Model	462	(28)
Chapter Summary	490	(1)
Review Questions	491	(1)
Exercises	492	(2)
Methodology -- Physical Database Design for Relational Databases	494	(25)
Comparison of Logical and Physical Database Design	495	(1)
Overview of Physical Database Design Methodology	496	(1)
The Physical Database Design Methodology for Relational Databases	497	(22)
Step 3 Translate Logical Data Model for Target DBMS	497	(4)
Step 4 Design File Organizations and Indexes	501	(14)
Step 5 Design User Views	515	(1)
Step 6 Design Security Mechanisms	516	(1)
Chapter Summary	517	(1)
Review Questions	517	(1)
Exercises	518	(1)
Methodology -- Monitoring and Tuning the Operational System	519	(20)
Denormalizing and Introducing Controlled Redundancy	519	(13)
Step 7 Consider the Introduction of Controlled Redundancy	519	(13)
Monitoring the System to Improve Performance	532	(7)
Step 8 Monitor and Tune the Operational System	532	(5)
Chapter Summary	537	(1)
Review Questions	537	(1)
Exercise	537	(2)
Part 5 Selected Database Issues	539	(146)
Security	541	(31)
Database Security	542	(3)
Threats	543	(2)
Countermeasures -- Computer-Based Controls	545	(10)
Authorization	546	(1)
Access Controls	547	(3)
Views	550	(1)
Backup and Recovery	550	(1)
Integrity	551	(1)
Encryption	551	(1)
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)	552	(3)
Security in Microsoft Office Access DBMS	555	(3)
Security in Oracle DBMS	558	(4)
DBMSs and Web Security	562	(10)
Proxy Servers	563	(1)
Firewalls	563	(1)
Message Digest Algorithms and Digital Signatures	564	(1)
Digital Certificates	564	(1)
Kerberos	565	(1)
Secure Sockets Layer and Secure HTTP	565	(1)
Secure Electronic Transactions and Secure Transaction Technology	566	(1)
Java Security	566	(3)
ActiveX Security	569	(1)
Chapter Summary	570	(1)
Review Questions	571	(1)
Exercises	571	(1)
Transaction Management	572	(58)
Transaction Support	573	(4)
Properties of Transactions	575	(1)
Database Architecture	576	(1)
Concurrency Control	577	(28)
The Need for Concurrency Control	577	(3)
Serializability and Recoverability	580	(7)
Locking Methods	587	(7)
Deadlock	594	(3)
Timestamping Methods	597	(3)
Multiversion Timestamp Ordering	600	(1)
Optimistic Techniques	601	(1)
Granularity of Data Items	602	(3)
Database Recovery	605	(10)
The Need for Recovery	606	(1)
Transactions and Recovery	607	(2)
Recovery Facilities	609	(3)
Recovery Techniques	612	(3)
Recovery in a Distributed DBMS	615	(1)
Advanced Transaction Models	615	(7)
Nested Transaction Model	616	(2)
Sagas	618	(1)
Multilevel Transaction Model	619	(1)
Dynamic Restructuring	620	(1)
Workflow Models	621	(1)
Concurrency Control and Recovery in Oracle	622	(8)
Oracle's Isolation Levels	623	(1)
Multiversion Read Consistency	623	(2)
Deadlock Detection	625	(1)
Backup and Recovery	625	(1)
Chapter Summary	626	(1)
Review Questions	627	(1)
Exercises	628	(2)
Query Processing	630	(55)
Overview of Query Processing	631	(4)
Query Decomposition	635	(4)
Heuristical Approach to Query Optimization	639	(7)
Transformation Rules for the Relational Algebra Operations	640	(5)
Heuristical Processing Strategies	645	(1)
Cost Estimation for the Relational Algebra Operations	646	(19)
Database Statistics	646	(1)
Selection Operation	647	(7)
Join Operation	654	(8)
Projection Operation	662	(2)
The Relational Algebra Set Operations	664	(1)
Enumeration of Alternative Execution Strategies	665	(8)
Pipelining	665	(1)
Linear Trees	666	(1)
Physical Operators and Execution Strategies	667	(1)
Reducing the Search Space	668	(1)
Enumerating Left-Deep Trees	669	(2)
Semantic Query Optimization	671	(1)
Alternative Approaches to Query Optimization	672	(1)
Distributed Query Optimization	672	(1)
Query Optimization in Oracle	673	(12)
Rule-Based and Cost-Based Optimization	673	(4)
Histograms	677	(1)
Viewing the Execution Plan	678	(2)
Chapter Summary	680	(1)
Review Questions	681	(1)
Exercises	681	(4)
Part 6 Distributed DBMSs and Replication	685	(116)
Distributed DBMSs -- Concepts and Design	687	(47)
Introduction	688	(11)
Concepts	689	(4)
Advantages and Disadvantages of DDBMSs	693	(4)
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous DDBMSs	697	(2)
Overview of Networking	699	(4)
Functions and Architectures of a DDBMS	703	(5)
Functions of a DDBMS	703	(1)
Reference Architecture for a DDBMS	704	(1)
Reference Architecture for a Federated MDBS	705	(1)
Component Architecture for a DDBMS	706	(2)
Distributed Relational Database Design	708	(11)
Data Allocation	709	(1)
Fragmentation	710	(9)
Transparencies in a DDBMS	719	(10)
Distribution Transparency	719	(3)
Transaction Transparency	722	(3)
Performance Transparency	725	(3)
DBMS Transparency	728	(1)
Summary of Transparencies in a DDBMS	728	(1)
Date's Twelve Rules for a DDBMS	729	(5)
Chapter Summary	731	(1)
Review Questions	732	(1)
Exercises	732	(2)
Distributed DBMSs -- Advanced Concepts	734	(46)
Distributed Transaction Management	735	(1)
Distributed Concurrency Control	736	(5)
Objectives	736	(1)
Distributed Serializability	737	(1)
Locking Protocols	738	(2)
Timestamp Protocols	740	(1)
Distributed Deadlock Management	741	(3)
Distributed Database Recovery	744	(14)
Failures in a Distributed Environment	744	(1)
How Failures Affect Recovery	745	(1)
Two-Phase Commit (2PC)	746	(6)
Three-Phase Commit (3PC)	752	(4)
Network Partitioning	756	(2)
The X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing Model	758	(3)
Distributed Query Optimization	761	(11)
Data Localization	762	(4)
Distributed Joins	766	(1)
Global Optimization	767	(5)
Distribution in Oracle	772	(8)
Oracle's DDBMS Functionality	772	(5)
Chapter Summary	777	(1)
Review Questions	778	(1)
Exercises	778	(2)
Replication and Mobile Databases	780	(21)
Introduction to Database Replication	781	(1)
Benefits of Database Replication	781	(2)
Applications of Replication	783	(1)
Basic Components of Database Replication	783	(1)
Database Replication Environments	784	(4)
Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Replication	784	(1)
Data Ownership	784	(4)
Replication Servers	788	(4)
Replication Server Functionality	788	(1)
Implementation Issues	789	(3)
Introduction to Mobile Databases	792	(2)
Mobile DBMSs	794	(1)
Oracle Replication	794	(7)
Oracle's Replication Functionality	794	(5)
Chapter Summary	799	(1)
Review Questions	800	(1)
Exercises	800	(1)
Part 7 Object DBMSs	801	(190)
Introduction to Object DBMSs	803	(44)
Advanced Database Applications	804	(5)
Weaknesses of RDBMSs	809	(5)
Object-Oriented Concepts	814	(11)
Abstraction, Encapsulation, and Information Hiding	814	(1)
Objects and Attributes	815	(1)
Object Identity	816	(2)
Methods and Messages	818	(1)
Classes	819	(1)
Subclasses, Superclasses, and Inheritance	820	(2)
Overriding and Overloading	822	(1)
Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding	823	(1)
Complex Objects	824	(1)
Storing Objects in a Relational Database	825	(3)
Mapping Classes to Relations	826	(1)
Accessing Objects in the Relational Database	827	(1)
Next-Generation Database Systems	828	(2)
Object-Oriented Database Design	830	(6)
Comparison of Object-Oriented Data Modeling and Conceptual Data Modeling	830	(1)
Relationships and Referential Integrity	831	(3)
Behavioral Design	834	(2)
Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with UML	836	(11)
UML Diagrams	837	(5)
Usage of UML in the Methodology for Database Design	842	(2)
Chapter Summary	844	(1)
Review Questions	845	(1)
Exercises	846	(1)
Object--Oriented DBMSs -- Concepts	847	(41)
Introduction to Object-Oriented Data Models and OODBMSs	849	(11)
Definition of Object-Oriented DBMSs	849	(1)
Functional Data Models	850	(4)
Persistent Programming Languages	854	(3)
The Object-Oriented Database System Manifesto	857	(2)
Alternative Strategies for Developing an OODBMS	859	(1)
OODBMS Perspectives	860	(7)
Pointer Swizzling Techniques	862	(3)
Accessing an Object	865	(2)
Persistence	867	(4)
Persistence Schemes	868	(1)
Orthogonal Persistence	869	(2)
Issues in OODBMSs	871	(10)
Transactions	871	(1)
Versions	872	(1)
Schema Evolution	873	(3)
Architecture	876	(2)
Benchmarking	878	(3)
Advantages and Disadvantages of OODBMSs	881	(7)
Advantages	881	(2)
Disadvantages	883	(2)
Chapter Summary	885	(1)
Review Questions	886	(1)
Exercises	887	(1)
Object-Oriented DBMSs -- Standards and Systems	888	(47)
Object Management Group	889	(8)
Background	889	(2)
The Common Object Request Broker Architecture	891	(3)
Other OMG Specifications	894	(3)
Model-Driven Architecture	897	(1)
Object Data Standard ODMG 3.0, 1999	897	(24)
Object Data Management Group	897	(3)
The Object Model	900	(8)
The Object Definition Language	908	(3)
The Object Query Language	911	(6)
Other Parts of the ODMG Standard	917	(3)
Mapping the Conceptual Design to a Logical (Object-Oriented) Design	920	(1)
ObjectStore	921	(14)
Architecture	921	(3)
Building an ObjectStore Application	924	(2)
Data Definition in ObjectStore	926	(3)
Data Manipulation in ObjectStore	929	(3)
Chapter Summary	932	(2)
Review Questions	934	(1)
Exercises	934	(1)
Object--Relational DBMSs	935	(56)
Introduction to Object-Relational Database Systems	936	(3)
The Third-Generation Database Manifestos	939	(4)
The Third-Generation Database System Manifesto	940	(1)
The Third Manifesto	940	(3)
Postgres -- An Early ORDBMS	943	(3)
Objectives of Postgres	943	(1)
Abstract Data Types	943	(1)
Relations and Inheritance	944	(2)
Object Identity	946	(1)
SQL: 1999 and SQL:2003	946	(28)
Row Types	947	(1)
User-Defined Types	948	(3)
Subtypes and Supertypes	951	(2)
User-Defined Routines	953	(2)
Polymorphism	955	(1)
Reference Types and Object Identity	956	(1)
Creating Tables	957	(3)
Querying Data	960	(1)
Collection Types	961	(4)
Typed Views	965	(1)
Persistent Stored Modules	966	(1)
Triggers	967	(4)
Large Objects	971	(1)
Recursion	972	(2)
Query Processing and Optimization	974	(4)
New Index Types	977	(1)
Object-Oriented Extensions in Oracle	978	(8)
User-Defined Data Types	978	(6)
Manipulating Object Tables	984	(1)
Object Views	985	(1)
Privileges	986	(1)
Comparison of ORDBMS and OODBMS	986	(5)
Chapter Summary	988	(1)
Review Questions	988	(1)
Exercises	989	(2)
Part 8 Web and DBMSs	991	(156)
Web Technology and DBMSs	993	(72)
Introduction to the Internet and Web	994	(4)
Intranets and Extranets	996	(1)
e-Commerce and e-Business	997	(1)
The Web	998	(13)
HyperText Transfer Protocol	999	(2)
HyperText Markup Language	1001	(1)
Uniform Resource Locators	1002	(2)
Static and Dynamic Web Pages	1004	(1)
Web Services	1004	(1)
Requirements for Web--DBMS Integration	1005	(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Web-DBMS Approach	1006	(5)
Approaches to Integrating the Web and DBMSs	1011	(1)
Scripting Languages	1011	(3)
JavaScript and JScript	1012	(1)
VBScript	1012	(1)
Perl and PHP	1013	(1)
Common Gateway Interface	1014	(5)
Passing Information to a CGI Script	1016	(2)
Advantages and Disadvantages of CGI	1018	(1)
HTTP Cookies	1019	(1)
Extending the Web Server	1020	(1)
Comparison of CGI and API	1021	(1)
Java	1021	(22)
JDBC	1025	(5)
SQLJ	1030	(1)
Comparison of JDBC and SQLJ	1030	(1)
Container-Managed Persistence (CMP)	1031	(4)
Java Data Objects (JDO)	1035	(5)
Java Servlets	1040	(1)
JavaServer Pages	1041	(1)
Java Web Services	1042	(1)
Microsoft's Web Platform	1043	(12)
Universal Data Access	1045	(1)
Active Server Pages and ActiveX Data Objects	1046	(3)
Remote Data Services	1049	(1)
Comparison of ASP and JSP	1049	(1)
Microsoft .NET	1050	(4)
Microsoft Web Services	1054	(1)
Microsoft Office Access and Web Page Generation	1054	(1)
Oracle Internet Platform	1055	(10)
Oracle Application Server (OracleAS)	1056	(6)
Chapter Summary	1062	(1)
Review Questions	1063	(1)
Exercises	1064	(1)
Semistructured Data and XML	1065	(82)
Semistructured Data	1066	(7)
Object Exchange Model (OEM)	1068	(1)
Lore and Lorel	1069	(4)
Introduction to XML	1073	(9)
Overview of XML	1076	(2)
Document Type Definitions (DTDs)	1078	(4)
XML-Related Technologies	1082	(9)
DOM and SAX Interfaces	1082	(1)
Namespaces	1083	(1)
XSL and XSLT	1084	(1)
XPath (XML Path Language)	1085	(1)
XPointer (XML Pointer Language)	1085	(1)
XLink (XML Linking Language)	1086	(1)
XHTML	1087	(1)
Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)	1087	(1)
Web Services Description Language (WSDL)	1088	(1)
Universal Discovery, Description and Integration (UDDI)	1088	(3)
XML Schema	1091	(9)
Resource Description Framework (RDF)	1098	(2)
XML Query Languages	1100	(28)
Extending Lore and Lorel to Handle XML	1100	(1)
XML Query Working Group	1101	(2)
XQuery -- A Query Language for XML	1103	(11)
XML Information Set	1114	(1)
XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model	1115	(6)
Formal Semantics	1121	(7)
XML and Databases	1128	(11)
Storing XML in Databases	1129	(3)
XML and SQL	1132	(5)
Native XML Databases	1137	(2)
XML in Oracle	1139	(8)
Chapter Summary	1142	(2)
Review Questions	1144	(1)
Exercises	1145	(2)
Part 9 Business Intelligence	1147	(100)
Data Warehousing Concepts	1149	(32)
Introduction to Data Warehousing	1150	(6)
The Evolution of Data Warehousing	1150	(1)
Data Warehousing Concepts	1151	(1)
Benefits of Data Warehousing	1152	(1)
Comparison of OLTP Systems and Data Warehousing	1153	(1)
Problems of Data Warehousing	1154	(2)
Data Warehouse Architecture	1156	(5)
Operational Data	1156	(1)
Operational Data Store	1157	(1)
Load Manager	1158	(1)
Warehouse Manager	1158	(1)
Query Manager	1158	(1)
Detailed Data	1159	(1)
Lightly and Highly Summarized Data	1159	(1)
Archive/Backup Data	1159	(1)
Metadata	1159	(1)
End-User Access Tools	1160	(1)
Data Warehouse Data Flows	1161	(4)
Inflow	1162	(1)
Upflow	1163	(1)
Downflow	1164	(1)
Outflow	1164	(1)
Metaflow	1165	(1)
Data Warehousing Tools and Technologies	1165	(6)
Extraction, Cleansing, and Transformation Tools	1165	(1)
Data Warehouse DBMS	1166	(3)
Data Warehouse Metadata	1169	(2)
Administration and Management Tools	1171	(1)
Data Marts	1171	(4)
Reasons for Creating a Data Mart	1173	(1)
Data Marts Issues	1173	(2)
Data Warehousing Using Oracle	1175	(6)
Oracle9i	1175	(3)
Chapter Summary	1178	(2)
Review Questions	1180	(1)
Exercise	1180	(1)
Data Warehousing Design	1181	(23)
Designing a Data Warehouse Database	1182	(1)
Dimensionality Modeling	1183	(4)
Comparison of DM and ER models	1186	(1)
Database Design Methodology for Data Warehouses	1187	(8)
Criteria for Assessing the Dimensionality of a Data Warehouse	1195	(1)
Data Warehousing Design Using Oracle	1196	(8)
Oracle Warehouse Builder Components	1197	(1)
Using Oracle Warehouse Builder	1198	(4)
Chapter Summary	1202	(1)
Review Questions	1203	(1)
Exercises	1203	(1)
OLAP	1204	(28)
Online Analytical Processing	1205	(1)
OLAP Benchmarks	1206	(1)
OLAP Applications	1206	(3)
OLAP Benefits	1208	(1)
Representation of Multi-Dimensional Data	1209	(2)
OLAP Tools	1211	(6)
Codd's Rules for OLAP Tools	1211	(3)
Categories of OLAP Tools	1214	(3)
OLAP Extensions to the SQL Standard	1217	(7)
Extended Grouping Capabilities	1218	(4)
Elementary OLAP Operators	1222	(2)
Oracle OLAP	1224	(8)
Oracle OLAP Environment	1225	(1)
Platform for Business Intelligence Applications	1225	(1)
Oracle9i Database	1226	(2)
Oracle OLAP	1228	(1)
Performance	1229	(1)
System Management	1229	(1)
System Requirements	1230	(1)
Chapter Summary	1230	(1)
Review Questions	1231	(1)
Exercises	1231	(1)
Data Mining	1232	(15)
Data Mining	1233	(1)
Data Mining Techniques	1233	(6)
Predictive Modeling	1235	(1)
Database Segmentation	1236	(1)
Link Analysis	1237	(1)
Deviation Detection	1238	(1)
The Data Mining Process	1239	(2)
The CRISP-DM Model	1239	(2)
Data Mining Tools	1241	(1)
Data Mining and Data Warehousing	1242	(1)
Oracle Data Mining (ODM)	1242	(5)
Data Mining Capabilities	1242	(1)
Enabling Data Mining Applications	1243	(1)
Predictions and Insights	1243	(1)
Oracle Data Mining Environment	1243	(2)
Chapter Summary	1245	(1)
Review Questions	1246	(1)
Exercises	1246	(1)
Appendices	1247	(85)
A Users' Requirements Specification for DreamHome Case Study	1249	(6)
A.1 Branch User Views of DreamHome	1249	(1)
A.1.1 Data Requirements	1249	(2)
A.1.2 Transaction Requirements (Sample)	1251	(1)
A.2 Staff User Views of DreamHome	1252	(1)
A.2.1 Data Requirements	1252	(1)
A.2.2 Transaction Requirements (Sample)	1253	(2)
B Other Case Studies	1255	(13)
B.1 The University Accommodation Office Case Study	1255	(1)
B.1.1 Data Requirements	1255	(2)
B.1.2 Query Transactions (Sample)	1257	(1)
B.2 The EasyDrive School of Motoring Case Study	1258	(1)
B.2.1 Data Requirements	1258	(1)
B.2.2 Query Transactions (Sample)	1259	(1)
B.3 The Wellmeadows Hospital Case Study	1260	(1)
B.3.1 Data Requirements	1260	(6)
B.3.2 Transaction Requirements (Sample)	1266	(2)
C File Organizations and Indexes	1268	(25)
C.1 Basic Concepts	1269	(1)
C.2 Unordered Files	1270	(1)
C.3 Ordered Files	1271	(1)
C.4 Hash Files	1272	(3)
C.4.1 Dynamic Hashing	1275	(1)
C.4.2 Limitations of Hashing	1276	(1)
C.5 Indexes	1277	(1)
C.5.1 Types of Index	1277	(1)
C.5.2 Indexed Sequential Files	1278	(1)
C.5.3 Secondary Indexes	1279	(1)
C.5.4 Multilevel Indexes	1280	(1)
C.5.5 B+-trees	1280	(3)
C.5.6 Bitmap Indexes	1283	(1)
C.5.7 Join Indexes	1284	(2)
C.6 Clustered and Non-Clustered Tables	1286	(1)
C.6.1 Indexed Clusters	1286	(1)
C.6.2 Hash Clusters	1287	(1)
C.7 Guidelines for Selecting File Organizations	1288	(3)
Appendix Summary	1291	(2)
D When is a DBMS Relational?	1293	(5)
E Programmatic SQL	1298	(22)
E.1 Embedded SQL	1299	(1)
E.1.1 Simple Embedded SQL Statements	1299	(2)
E.1.2 SQL Communications Area	1301	(2)
E.1.3 Host Language Variables	1303	(1)
E.1.4 Retrieving Data Using Embedded SQL and Cursors	1304	(6)
E.1.5 Using Cursors to Modify Data	1310	(1)
E.1.6 ISO Standard for Embedded SQL	1311	(1)
E.2 Dynamic SQL	1312	(1)
E.3 The Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) Standard	1313	(1)
E.3.1 The ODBC Architecture	1314	(1)
E.3.2 ODBC Conformance Levels	1315	(3)
Appendix Summary	1318	(1)
Review Questions	1319	(1)
Exercises	1319	(1)
F Alternative ER Modeling Notations	1320	(6)
F.1 ER Modeling Using the Chen Notation	1320	(1)
F.2 ER Modeling Using the Crow's Feet Notation	1320	(6)
G Summary of the Database Design Methodology for Relational Databases	1326	(6)
References	1332	(13)
Further Reading	1345	(11)
Index	1356