Davidson's Foundations of Clinical Practice

by Scott, Hazel R., M.D.; Blyth, Kevin G., M.D.; Jones, Jeremy B.

• ISBN13: 9780443068294
• ISBN10: 0443068291
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-06-22
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div

Summary

This book is designed as a companion to the initial years of hospital training for junior doctors in training, including, but not limited to, the core elements of the curriculum for Foundation Training in the UK. Patients have co-morbidity and mixed patterns of clinical presentation and thus the book brings together the key guidance on the presentation and care of all those who attend within a wide range of disciplines. These appear in the book as they present in real life, according to symptoms. Given the balance of the type of work done by most trainee hospital doctors, the emphasis of the book is on acute, as compared with chronic, symptom presentation and effective management. . Provides a concise and high quality account of the relevant information for those working in Foundation training . Includes practical step-by-step guidance on a range of core clinical procedures . Provides valuable information on the non-clinical aspects of a clinical career . Written by an author team who combine practical experience of today's trainee hospital doctors with experience of the conditions throughout a clinical career.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. v
Contributors	p. vi
Basic principles of patient care
Initial assessment and emergency management	p. 1
General history and examination	p. 1
Assessment of the acutely ill patient	p. 8
Cardiac arrest management	p. 11
Use of equipment and procedures	p. 18
Procedural competence	p. 18
The sterile field	p. 19
Local anaesthetics	p. 22
Venepuncture and cannulation	p. 25
Blood cultures	p. 27
Injections and infusions	p. 29
Arterial blood gas sampling	p. 31
Arterial line insertion	p. 32
Urinary catheterization	p. 34
Lumbar puncture	p. 37
Pleural aspiration	p. 38
Chest drain insertion and management	p. 40
Nasogastric tube insertion	p. 44
PEG tube and drain insertion	p. 45
Ascitic tap and drain insertion	p. 46
Joint aspiration and injection	p. 48
Central line insertion	p. 50
Temporary cardiac pacing	p. 54
Defibrillation and electrical cardioversion	p. 58
Wound closure and dressings	p. 61
Suturing	p. 63
ECG recording	p. 65
Oxygen delivery	p. 66
Nebulizers	p. 67
Peak flow and spirometry	p. 68
Interpreting tests	p. 70
Laboratory tests	p. 70
ECG interpretation	p. 78
Peak flow and spirometry	p. 89
Radiological tests	p. 90
Chest X-rays	p. 94
Abdominal X-rays	p. 101
Drugs and prescribing	p. 106
General prescribing	p. 106
Common prescribing	p. 107
Common interactions	p. 111
Prescribing errors	p. 113
Drug reactions	p. 114
Dose calculation	p. 115
Drug monitoring	p. 118
Drug use in special circumstances	p. 119
Prescribing fluid and blood	p. 122
Symptoms and related acute presentations
Cardiac and chest	p. 125
Chest pain	p. 125
Arrhythmias	p. 132
Breathlessness	p. 139
Abdominal	p. 159
Acute abdominal pain	p. 159
Diarrhoea, vomiting and constipation	p. 169
Gastrointestinal bleeding	p. 174
Abnormal liver function	p. 178
Nutrition	p. 183
Haematuria and urinary retention	p. 185
Endocrine, electrolyte and renal	p. 187
Diabetes mellitus	p. 187
Thyroid and adrenal problems	p. 197
Electrolyte imbalance	p. 202
Renal dysfunction	p. 209
Neurological and psychiatric	p. 216
The unconscious patient	p. 216
Headache	p. 218
Fits and faints	p. 220
Stroke	p. 223
Focal neurology	p. 226
Falls and immobility	p. 231
Delirium and alcohol withdrawal	p. 233
Acute psychosis	p. 235
Self-injury and self-poisoning	p. 237
Sepsis, shock and trauma	p. 242
Sepsis and infection	p. 242
Fluid balance, shock and anaphylaxis	p. 249
Major trauma	p. 254
Fractures and minor trauma	p. 259
Acute leg pain	p. 270
Wounds and burns	p. 272
Specialties and cancers
Specialty acute presentations	p. 276
Haematological	p. 276
Rheumatological	p. 283
Dermatological	p. 292
Ear, nose and throat	p. 308
Ophthalmic	p. 313
Obstetric	p. 318
Gynaecological	p. 331
Paediatric	p. 335
Surgical lumps	p. 343
Cancers and palliative care	p. 349
Performance status and quality of life	p. 349
Lung cancer	p. 350
Breast cancer	p. 353
Colorectal cancer	p. 355
Oesophageal cancer	p. 357
Stomach cancer	p. 359
Pancreatic cancer	p. 360
Ovarian cancer	p. 361
Cervical cancer	p. 363
Endometrial cancer	p. 364
Prostate cancer	p. 365
Bladder cancer	p. 367
Renal cancer	p. 368
Testicular cancer	p. 369
Leukaemia	p. 370
Lymphoma	p. 373
Myeloma	p. 375
Palliative care	p. 376
Everyday life as a junior doctor
On the ward	p. 383
Time and 'take' management	p. 383
Verbal communication	p. 385
Written communication	p. 389
Before, during and after theatre	p. 392
Legal and ethical practice	p. 397
The doctor-patient relationship	p. 397
Appropriate resuscitation and DNAR	p. 399
Death certification	p. 400
Capacity, consent and competence	p. 404
Child protection	p. 407
Mental health act	p. 409
Driving	p. 411
Notifiable diseases	p. 414
HIV testing	p. 414
Computers and data protection	p. 416
Looking after yourself	p. 418
Occupational health department and personal health	p. 418
Aggression and violence	p. 420
Difficult colleagues and colleagues in difficulty	p. 422
Complaints handling	p. 424
Developing a career	p. 426
Choosing a career	p. 426
Applications, CV and interviews	p. 428
Appraisal and assessment	p. 430
Research	p. 432
Teaching and life-long learning	p. 433
Making and giving presentations	p. 435
Working as part of the system of care	p. 439
The good doctor	p. 439
Clinical governance	p. 440
Patient safety and risk management	p. 440
Healthcare-associated infection	p. 441
Audit	p. 443
Evidence-based medicine, statistics and guidelines	p. 445
Diversity, religion, culture and disability	p. 448
Primary and secondary care interface	p. 451
Epidemiology, screening and health promotion	p. 452
Rehabilitation	p. 455
Complementary and alternative therapy	p. 456
Working in the UK	p. 458
The new post	p. 458
Finance	p. 460
Leave	p. 461
Important professional bodies	p. 463
Index	p. 466
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