Delmar's Standard Textbook of Electricity, 3E

by Herman,Stephen L.

• ISBN13: 9781401825652
• ISBN10: 1401825656
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-07-31
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Mastering the theory and application of electrical concepts is necessary for a successful career in the electrical installation or industrial maintenance fields, and this newly revised, full color text delivers! Delmar's Standard Textbook of Electricity, 3E trains aspiring electricians by blending concepts relating to electrical theory with practical 'how to' information that prepares students for situations commonly encountered on the job. Topics span the major aspects of the electrical field including atomic structure and basic electricity, direct and alternating current, basic circuit theory, three-phase circuits, single phase, transformers, generators, and motors. This revision retains all the hallmarks of our market-leading second edition, but displays enhancements such as new up-to-date photos, bonus learning features to advance student retention, and a new e.resource for instructors that takes the guesswork out of classroom preparation.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
SECTION 1 Safety, basic Electricity, and Ohm's Law	2	(132)
SAFETY OVERVIEW
S-1 General Safety Rules	4	(2)
S-2 Effects of Electric Current on the Body	6	(1)
S-3 On the Job	7	(5)
S-4 Protective Clothing	12	(4)
S-5 Ladders and Scaffolds	16	(2)
S-6 Fires	18	(2)
S-7 Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters	20	(2)
S-8 Grounding	22	(6)
UNIT 1 Atomic Structure	28	(23)
1-1 Early History of Electricity	29	(2)
1-2 Atoms	31	(3)
1-3 The Law of Charges	34	(2)
1-4 Centripetal Force	36	(1)
1-5 Electron Orbits	37	(2)
1-6 Valence Electrons	39	(1)
1-7 Electron Flow	40	(3)
1-8 Insulators	43	(1)
1-9 Semiconductors	44	(1)
1-10 Molecules	44	(2)
1-11 Methods of Producing Electricity	46	(1)
1-12 Electrical Effects	47	(4)
UNIT 2 Electrical Quantities and Ohm's Law	51	(28)
2-1 The Coulomb	52	(1)
2-2 The Ampere	53	(1)
2-3 The Electron Flow Theory	54	(1)
2-4 The Conventional Current Flow Theory	54	(2)
2-5 Speed of Current	56	(3)
2-6 Basic Electric Circuits	59	(2)
2-7 The Volt	61	(1)
2-8 The Ohm	62	(2)
2-9 The Watt	64	(2)
2-10 Other Measures of Power	66	(2)
2-11 Ohm's Law	68	(5)
2-12 Metric Prefixes	73	(6)
UNIT 3 Static Electricity	79	(15)
3-1 Static Electricity	80	(2)
3-2 Charging an Object	82	(1)
3-3 The Electroscope	82	(3)
3-4 Static Electricity in Nature	85	(3)
3-5 Nuisance Static Charges	88	(1)
3-6 Useful Static Charges	89	(5)
UNIT 4 Magnetism	94	(18)
4-1 The Earth Is a Magnet	95	(2)
4-2 Permanent Magnets	97	(1)
4-3 The Electron Theory of Magnetism	97	(2)
4-4 Magnetic Materials	99	(1)
4-5 Magnetic Lines of Force	100	(1)
4-6 Electromagnets	101	(4)
4-7 Magnetic Measurement	105	(2)
4-8 Magnetic Polarity	107	(1)
4-9 Demagnetizing	107	(2)
4-10 Magnetic Devices	109	(3)
UNIT 5 Resistors	112	(22)
5-1 Uses of Resistors	113	(1)
5-2 Fixed Resistors	114	(4)
5-3 Color Code	118	(6)
5-4 Standard Resistance Values of Fixed Resistors	124	(2)
5-5 Power Ratings	126	(1)
5-6 Variable Resistors	127	(3)
5-7 Schematic Symbols	130	(4)
SECTION II Basic Electric Circuits	134	(110)
UNIT 6 Series Circuits	135	(27)
6-1 Series Circuits	136	(1)
6-2 Voltage Drops in a Series Circuit	137	(2)
6-3 Resistance in a Series Circuit	139	(1)
6-4 Calculating Series Circuit Values	139	(2)
6-5 Solving Circuits	141	(13)
6-6 Voltage Dividers	154	(2)
6-7 The General Voltage Divider Formula	156	(1)
6-8 Voltage Polarity	157	(1)
6-9 Using Ground as a Reference	158	(4)
UNIT 7 Parallel Circuits	162	(26)
7-1 Parallel Circuit Values	163	(3)
7-2 Parallel Resistance Formulas	166	(22)
UNIT 8 Combination Circuits	188	(56)
8-1 Combination Circuits	189	(1)
8-2 Solving Combination Circuits	190	(1)
8-3 Simplifying the Circuit	191	(18)
8-4 Other Electrical Laws	209	(35)
SECTION III Meters and Wire Sizes	244	(94)
UNIT 9 Measuring Instruments	245	(60)
9-1 Analog Meters	246	(5)
9-2 The Voltmeter	251	(1)
9-3 Multirange Voltmeters	252	(3)
9-4 Reading a Meter	255	(3)
9-5 The Ammeter	258	(1)
9-6 Ammeter Shunts	259	(3)
9-7 Multirange Ammeters	262	(1)
9-8 The Ayrton Shunt	262	(5)
9-9 AC Ammeters	267	(4)
9-10 Clamp-On Meters	271	(3)
9-11 DC-AC Clamp-On Ammeters	274	(3)
9-12 The Ohmmeter	277	(2)
9-13 Shunt-Type Ohmmeters	279	(1)
9-14 Digital Meters	280	(3)
9-15 The Low-Impedance Voltage Tester	283	(2)
9-16 The Oscilloscope	285	(11)
9-17 The Wattmeter	296	(2)
9-18 Recording Meters	298	(1)
9-19 Bridge Circuits	298	(7)
UNIT 10 Using Wire Tables and Determining Conductor Sizes	305	(33)
10-1 Using the NEC® Charts	306	(5)
10-2 Factors That Determine Ampacity	311	(1)
10-3 Correction Factors	312	(4)
10-4 Computing Conductor Sizes and Resistance	316	(11)
10-5 Computing Voltage Drop	327	(1)
10-6 Parallel Conductors	328	(3)
10-7 Testing Wire Installations	331	(7)
SECTION IV Small Sources of Electricity	338	(74)
UNIT 11 Conduction in Liquids and Gases	339	(14)
11-1 The Ionization Process: Magnesium and Chlorine	340	(2)
11-2 Other Types of Ions	342	(2)
11-3 Electroplating	344	(1)
11-4 Electrolysis	345	(1)
11-5 Conduction in Gases	345	(5)
11-6 Ionization in Nature	350	(3)
UNIT 12 Batteries and Other Sources of Electricity	353	(35)
12-1 History of the Battery	354	(2)
12-2 Cells	356	(1)
12-3 Cell Voltage	357	(2)
12-4 Primary Cells	359	(8)
12-5 Secondary Cells: Lead-Acid Batteries	367	(7)
12-6 Other Secondary Cells	374	(3)
12-7 Series and Parallel Battery Connections	377	(2)
12-8 Other Small Sources of Electricity	379	(9)
UNIT 13 Magnetic Induction	388	(24)
13-1 Electromagnetic Induction	389	(3)
13-2 Fleming's Left-Hand Generator Rule	392	(1)
13-3 Moving Magnetic Fields	393	(1)
13-4 Determining the Amount of Induced Voltage	393	(1)
13-5 Lenz's Law	394	(3)
13-6 Rise Time of Current in an Inductor	397	(2)
13-7 The Exponential Curve	399	(2)
13-8 Inductance	401	(2)
13-9 R-L Time Constants	403	(1)
13-10 Induced Voltage Spikes	404	(8)
SECTION V Basics of Alternating Current (AC)	412	(46)
UNIT 14 Basic Trigonometry and Vectors	413	(21)
14-1 Right Triangles	414	(1)
14-2 The Pythagorean Theorem	415	(2)
14-3 Sines, Cosines, and Tangents	417	(4)
14-4 Formulas	421	(1)
14-5 Practical Application	421	(13)
UNIT 15 Alternating Current (AC)	434	(24)
15-1 Advantages of AC	435	(1)
15-2 AC Waveforms	436	(6)
15-3 Sine Wave Values	442	(8)
15-4 Resistive Loads	450	(1)
15-5 Power in an AC Circuit	451	(1)
15-6 Skin Effect in AC Circuits	452	(6)
SECTION VI Alternating Current (AC) Circuits Containing Inductance	458	(70)
UNIT 16 Inductance in AC Circuits	459	(21)
16-1 Inductance	460	(3)
16-2 Inductive Reactance	463	(4)
16-3 Schematic Symbols	467	(1)
16-4 Inductors Connected in Series	468	(1)
16-5 Inductors Connected in Parallel	469	(2)
16-6 Voltage and Current Relationships in an Inductive Circuit	471	(2)
16-7 Power in an Inductive Circuit	473	(1)
16-8 Reactive Power	474	(1)
16-9 Q of an Inductor	474	(6)
UNIT 17 Resistive-Inductive Series Circuits	480	(28)
17-1 R-L Series Circuits	481	(2)
17-2 Impedance	483	(2)
17-3 Total Current	485	(1)
17-4 Voltage Drop across the Resistor	486	(1)
17-5 Watts	487	(1)
17-6 Computing the Inductance	488	(1)
17-7 Voltage Drop across the Inductor	488	(1)
17-8 Total Voltage	489	(1)
17-9 Computing the Reactive Power	490	(1)
17-10 Computing the Apparent Power	491	(2)
17-11 Power Factor	493	(1)
17-12 Angle Theta	494	(14)
UNIT 18 Resistive-Inductive Parallel Circuits	508	(20)
18-1 Resistive-Inductive Parallel Circuits	509	(1)
18-2 Computing Circuit Values	510	(18)
SECTION VII AC Circuits Containing Capacitors	528	(90)
UNIT 19 Capacitors	529	(34)
19-1 Capacitors	530	(3)
19-2 Electrostatic Charge	533	(4)
19-3 Dielectric Constants	537	(1)
19-4 Capacitor Ratings	538	(1)
19-5 Capacitors Connected in Parallel	539	(1)
19-6 Capacitors Connected in Series	540	(1)
19-7 Capacitive Charge and Discharge Rates	541	(2)
19-8 RC Time Constants	543	(2)
19-9 Applications for Capacitors	545	(1)
19-10 Nonpolarized Capacitors	545	(3)
19-11 Polarized Capacitors	548	(3)
19-12 Variable Capacitors	551	(2)
19-13 Capacitor Markings	553	(2)
19-14 Temperature Coefficients	555	(1)
19-15 Ceramic Capacitors	555	(1)
19-16 Dipped Tantalum Capacitors	556	(1)
19-17 Film Capacitors	556	(1)
19-18 Testing Capacitors	557	(6)
UNIT 20 Capacitance in AC Circuits	563	(22)
20-1 Connecting the Capacitor into an AC Circuit	564	(2)
20-2 Capacitive Reactance	566	(1)
20-3 Computing Capacitance	567	(1)
20-4 Voltage and Current Relationships in a Pure Capacitive Circuit	568	(2)
20-5 Power in a Pure Capacitive Circuit	570	(1)
20-6 Quality of a Capacitor	571	(1)
20-7 Capacitor Voltage Rating	572	(1)
20-8 Effects of Frequency in a Capacitive Circuit	573	(1)
20-9 Series Capacitors	574	(5)
20-10 Parallel Capacitors	579	(6)
UNIT 21 Resistive-Capacitive Series Circuits	585	(17)
21-1 Resistive-Capacitive Series Circuits	586	(1)
21-2 Impedance	587	(1)
21-3 Total Current	588	(1)
21-4 Voltage Drop across the Resistor	589	(1)
21-5 True Power	589	(1)
21-6 Capacitance	589	(1)
21-7 Voltage Drop across the Capacitor	590	(1)
21-8 Total Voltage	590	(1)
21-9 Reactive Power	591	(1)
21-10 Apparent Power	591	(1)
21-11 Power Factor	592	(1)
21-12 Angle Theta	592	(10)
UNIT 22 Resistive Capacitive Parallel Circuits	602	(16)
22-1 Operation of RC Parallel Circuits	603	(1)
22-2 Computing Circuit Values	604	(14)
SECTION VII AC Circuits Containing Resistance-Inductance-Capacitance	618	(62)
UNIT 23 Resistive-Inductive-Capacitive Series Circuits	619	(21)
23-1 RLC Series Circuits	620	(11)
23-2 Series Resonant Circuits	631	(9)
UNIT 24 Resistive-Inductive-Capacitive Parallel Circuits	640	(24)
24-1 RLC Parallel Circuits	641	(9)
24-2 Parallel Resonant Circuits	650	(14)
UNIT 25 Filters	664	(16)
25-1 Broad-Band Tuning	666	(1)
25-2 Low-Pass Filters	667	(2)
25-3 High-Pass Filters	669	(3)
25-4 Bandpass Filters	672	(1)
25-5 Band-Rejection (Notch) Filters	673	(2)
25-6 T Filters	675	(1)
25-7 PI-Type Filters	676	(1)
25-8 Crossover Networks	676	(4)
SECTION IX Three-Phase Power	680	(30)
UNIT 26 Three-Phase Circuits	681	(29)
26-1 Three-Phase Circuits	682	(2)
26-2 Wye Connections	684	(4)
26-3 Delta Connections	688	(1)
26-4 Three-Phase Power	689	(1)
26-5 Watts and VARS	690	(1)
26-6 Three-Phase Circuit Calculations	691	(9)
26-7 Load 3 Calculations	700	(1)
26-8 Load 2 Calculations	700	(1)
26-9 Load 1 Calculations	701	(1)
26-10 Alternator Calculations	702	(1)
26-11 Power Factor Correction	703	(7)
SECTION X Transformers	710	(92)
UNIT 27 Single-Phase Transformers	711	(49)
27-1 Single-Phase Transformers	712	(2)
27-2 Isolation Transformers	714	(26)
27-3 Autotransformers	740	(3)
27-4 Transformer Polarities	743	(5)
27-5 Voltage and Current Relationships in a Transformer	748	(2)
27-6 Testing the Transformer	750	(1)
27-7 Transformer Nameplates	751	(1)
27-8 Determining Maximum Current	752	(1)
27-9 Transformer Impedance	753	(7)
UNIT 28 Three-Phase Transformers	760	(42)
28-1 Three-Phase Transformers	761	(5)
28-2 Closing a Delta	766	(1)
28-3 Three-Phase Transformer Calculations	767	(6)
28-4 Open-Delta Connection	773	(1)
28-5 Single-Phase Loads	774	(4)
28-6 Closed Delta with CenterTap	778	(1)
28-7 Closed Delta without CenterTap	779	(1)
28-8 Delta-Wye Connection with Neutral	780	(1)
28-9 T Connected Transformers	781	(3)
28-10 Scott Connection	784	(1)
28-11 Zig-Zag Connection	784	(2)
28-12 Harmonics	786	(16)
SECTION XI DC Machines	802	(78)
UNIT 29 DC Generators	803	(40)
29-1 What Is a Generator?	804	(10)
29-2 Armature Windings	814	(2)
29-3 Brushes	816	(1)
29-4 Pole Pieces	816	(1)
29-5 Field Windings	817	(1)
29-6 Series Generators	818	(4)
29-7 Shunt Generators	822	(6)
29-8 Compound Generators	828	(1)
29-9 Compounding	829	(3)
29-10 Countertorque	832	(1)
29-11 Armature Reaction	833	(3)
29-12 Setting the Neutral Plane	836	(1)
29-13 Paralleling Generators	837	(6)
UNIT 30 DC Motors	843	(37)
30-1 DC Motor Principles	844	(3)
30-2 Shunt Motors	847	(3)
30-3 Series Motors	850	(2)
30-4 Compound Motors	852	(2)
30-5 Terminal Identification for DC Motors	854	(1)
30-6 Determining the Direction of Rotation of a DC Motor	855	(3)
30-7 Speed Control	858	(2)
30-8 The Field-Loss Relay	860	(1)
30-9 Horsepower	861	(3)
30-10 Bruskless DC Motors	864	(3)
30-11 Converters	867	(1)
30-12 Permanent Magnet Motors	868	(8)
30-13 The Right-Hand Motor Rule	876	(4)
SECTION XII AC Machines	880	(126)
UNIT 31 Three-Phase Alternators	881	(18)
31-1 Three-Phase Alternators	882	(4)
31-2 The Rotor	886	(1)
31-3 The Bruskless Exciter	886	(3)
31-4 Alternator Cooling	889	(1)
31-5 Frequency	890	(1)
31-6 Output Voltage	891	(1)
31-7 Paralleling Alternators	892	(2)
31-8 Sharing the Load	894	(1)
31-9 Field-Discharge Protection	895	(4)
UNIT 32 Three-Phase Motors	899	(53)
32-1 Three-Phase Motors	900	(1)
32-2 The Rotating Magnetic Field	901	(10)
32-3 Connecting Dual-Voltage Three-Phase Motors	911	(6)
32-4 Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors	917	(17)
32-5 Wound-Rotor Induction Motors	934	(3)
32-6 Synchronous Motors	937	(7)
32-7 Selsyn Motors	944	(8)
UNIT 33 Single-Phase Motors	952	(54)
33-1 Single-Phase Motors	953	(1)
33-2 Split-Phase Motors	953	(4)
33-3 Resistance-Start Induction-Run Motors	957	(8)
33-4 Capacitor-Start Induction-Run Motors	965	(2)
33-5 Dual-Voltage Split-Phase Motors	967	(3)
33-6 Determining the Direction of Rotation for Split-Phase Motors	970	(1)
33-7 Capacitor-Start Capacitor-Run Motors	971	(3)
33-8 Shaded-Pole Induction Motors	974	(4)
33-9 Multispeed Motors	978	(2)
33-10 Repulsion-Type Motors	980	(1)
33-11 Construction of Repulsion Motors	980	(3)
33-12 Repulsion-Start Induction-Run Motors	983	(3)
33-13 Repulsion-Induction Motors	986	(1)
33-14 Single-Phase Synchronous Motors	987	(2)
33-15 Stepping Motors	989	(9)
33-16 Universal Motors	998	(8)
APPENDIX A. Trigonometric Functions-Natural Sines and Cosines	1006	(2)
APPENDIX B Trigonometric Functions-Natural Tangents and Cotangents	1008	(2)
APPENDIX C Identifying the Leads of a Three-Phase, Wye-Connected, Dual Voltage Motor	1010	(4)
APPENDIX D Alternating Current Formulas	1014	(12)
APPENDIX E Greek Alphabet	1026	(1)
APPENDIX F Metals	1027	(2)
APPENDIX G Scientific Notation	1029	(5)
APPENDIX H Answers to Practice Problems	1034	(16)
GLOSSARY	1050	(17)
INDEX	1067